Selected Plant Materials Research Articles

Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in Brassica napus L. for tolerance to water stress.

Brassica napus L. plants are sensitive to water stress conditions throughout their life cycle from seed germination to seed setting. This study aims at identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to B. napus tolerance to water stress mimicked by applications of 10% polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000). Two doubled haploid populations, each consisting of 150 genotypes, were used for this research. Plants at the two true leaf stage of development were grown in the absence (control) or presence (stress) of PEG-6000 under controlled environmental conditions for 48h, and the drought stress index was calculated for each genotype. All genotypes, along with their parents, were genotyped using the Brassica Infinium 90K SNP BeadChip Array. Inclusive composite interval mapping was used to identify QTL. Six QTL and 12 putative QTL associated with water stress tolerance were identified across six chromosomes (A2, A3, A4, A9, C3, and C7). Collectively, 2154 candidate genes for water stress tolerance were identified for all the identified QTL. Among them, 213 genes were identified as being directly associated with water stress (imposed by PEG-6000) tolerance based on nine functional annotations. These results can be incorporated into future breeding initiatives to select plant material with the ability to cope effectively with water stress.

Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extracts Obtained from α-Pinene-Containing Plants and Their Use in Cosmetic Emulsions.

α-Pinene is the bicyclic, unsaturated terpene hydrocarbon present in many plants. Due to its beneficial chemical properties, this compound is of great interest and has found numerous applications as a raw material in many chemical industries as well as in medicine and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts obtained from plants containing α-pinene and to test the properties of cosmetic emulsions prepared with these extracts. The raw plant materials consisted of fresh parts of Pinus sylvestris L., such as cones, needles, and branches, as well as dried unground and ground pinecones; dried and fresh Rosmarinus officinalis leaves; dried Levisticum officinale leaves; and dried Salvia officinalis L. leaves. The plant materials were individually extracted with 40% (v/v), 70% (v/v), and 96% (v/v) ethanol using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for 15, 30, or 60 min. This method is a green extraction technique, frequently applied to isolate active substances from plants. For the selected plant materials, Soxhlet extraction with 96% (v/v) ethanol was also performed. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the components in the selected extracts were performed with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated with the DPPH and ABTS methods. The extracts of three plant materials with the highest antioxidant activities-dried Rosmarinus officinalis leaves, dried Salvia officinalis L. leaves, and dried and ground Pinus sylvestris L. cones-were selected to be incorporated in cosmetic emulsions containing glyceryl monostearate and Olivem 1000 as emulsifiers. The stabilities and antioxidant activities of the emulsions were evaluated. Moreover, the antimicrobial properties of the emulsions using microbiological tests were also determined. The findings suggest that the prepared emulsions are stable cosmetic products with a high antioxidant potential.

Evaluation of co-culture of cellulolytic fungi for enhanced cellulase and xylanase activity and saccharification of untreated lignocellulosic material.

Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials is hindered by the high costs of pretreatment and the enzymes. The present study aimed to evaluate whether co-cultivation of four selected cellulolytic fungi yields higher cellulase and xylanase activities compared to the monocultures and to investigate whether the enzymes from the co-cultures yield higher saccharification on selected plant materials without thermo-chemical pretreatment. The fungal isolates, Trichoderma reesei F118, Penicillium javanicum FS7, Talaromyces sp. F113, and Talaromyces pinophilus FM9, were grown as monocultures and binary co-cultures under submerged conditions for 7days. The cellulase and xylanase activities of the culture filtrates were measured, and the culture filtrates were employed for the saccharification of sugarcane leaves, Guinea grass leaves, and water hyacinth stems and leaves. Total reducing sugars and individual sugars released from each plant material were quantified. The co-culture of Talaromyces sp. F113 with Penicillium javanicum FS7 and of T. reesei F118 with T. pinophilus FM9 produced significantly higher cellulase activities compared to the corresponding monocultures whereas no effect was observed on xylanase activities. Overall, the highest amounts of total reducing sugars and individual sugars were obtained from Guinea grass leaves saccharified with the co-culture of T. reesei F118 with T. pinophilus FM9, yielding 63.5% saccharification. Guinea grass leaves were found to be the most susceptible to enzymatic saccharification without pre-treatment, while water hyacinth stems and leaves were the least. Accordingly, the study suggests that fungal co-cultivation could be a promising approach for the saccharification of lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production.

Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Agroindustrial Waste and Byproducts: Results and Perspectives According to the Green Chemistry and Circular Economy.

Polyphenols are natural secondary metabolites found in plants endowed with multiple biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and anticancer). In view of these properties, they find many applications and are used as active ingredients in nutraceutical, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic formulations. In accordance with green chemistry and circular economy strategies, they can also be recovered from agroindustrial waste and reused in various sectors, promoting sustainable processes. This review described structural characteristics, methods for extraction, biological properties, and applications of polyphenolic extracts obtained from two selected plant materials of the Mediterranean area as olive (Olea europaea L.) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) based on recent literature, highlighting future research perspectives.

Post-fire management decisions have consequences: Drill-seeding disturbance and effects of co-seeding introduced with native bunchgrasses

Wildfires and the demand for post-fire seeding are increasing in the sagebrush ecosystem threatened by invasive annual grasses. Drill-seeding bunchgrasses after wildfire is a common strategy for limiting annual grasses. However, there are concerns that the soil disturbance associated with drill-seeding may negatively impact the plant community, particularly if seeded species fail to establish. Similarly, there are worries that co-seeding introduced bunchgrasses with natives, to hedge against low native bunchgrass establishment, may limit native bunchgrass success. We investigated the effects of the disturbance of drill-seeding and the impacts of co-seeding introduced bunchgrasses after wildfire in sagebrush communities at four sites up to six years post-seeding. The disturbance of drill-seeding increased invasive annual grasses from ∼10 % to >15 % cover and increased its density by >200 plants∙m−2 by the end of the study. Bunchgrasses appeared to not be influenced by the disturbance of drill-seeding; however, drill-seeding slightly reduced perennial forb density. These results suggest that restoration practitioners need to consider potential negative consequences of drill-seeding, especially when and where selected plant materials may fail to establish in high abundance. Co-seeding introduced bunchgrasses with native bunchgrasses limited native bunchgrasses and also slightly decreased native perennial forbs. However, co-seeding introduced bunchgrasses reduced invasive annual grasses by ∼50 %, while seeding only native bunchgrasses did not reduce annual grasses. These findings suggest that co-seeding introduced and native bunchgrasses may not be advisable. We suggest: 1) If native bunchgrasses are unlikely to establish in high abundance, then introduced bunchgrasses should be used, and 2) If seeded native bunchgrasses are likely to meet management objectives, then introduced bunchgrasses should not be co-seeded. Additional investigations are needed in other areas to determine the applicability of the results of this study to the larger sagebrush ecosystem. Clearly, the potential consequences of post-fire management will need to be considered as restoration plans are developed, but additional research is needed to better inform management decisions.

Genetic analysis of yield and yield component traits in exotic soybean germplasm (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) for vegetable type under Indian Conditions

The present investigation was carried out at ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore during kharif, 2019 to evaluate 105 soybean germplasm accessions received from World Vegetable center (AVRDC), Taiwan for vegetable type under Indian Conditions. Genetic parameters such as genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were estimated for 11 quantitative characters. High estimates of PCV and GCV were recorded for row yield, grain yield per plant, number of primary branches per plant, 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant, number of pod clusters per plant and plant height. This indicates considerable variability and provide scope for genetic improvement through selection. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was found for row yield, grain yield per plant, 100 seed weight, and number of pods per plant, plant height and days to 50 per cent flowering. This designates careful selection leads to improvement of traits and provides better opportunitiesfor selecting plant material for these traits in soybean breeding program for vegetable type.

Anti-Lipase and Antioxidant Activities of the Selected Plant Materials

Pancreatic lipase plays an important role in the efficient digestion of triglycerides. Its action on lipids produces fatty acids, accumulating in excess into various tissues leading to dyslipidaemia and associated co-morbidities. Thus, inhibition of pancreatic lipase is one of the preferable ways to prevent such conditions. The present study is aimed to evaluate the anti-lipase and antioxidant activities of the leaves of Magnifera indica L. (mango), Psidium guajava L. (guava) and Moringa olifera L. (moringa), and fresh rhizomes of Zingiber officinale R. (ginger), Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), and Curcuma amada R. (mango ginger). The selected samples were dehydrated, powdered, and extracted using absolute ethanol. The extracts were analysed for total phenols, flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging activity and anti-lipase activity. Among the selected leaves, mango leaves had the highest total phenolic content (6300 mg GAE /100 g), total flavonoid content (6930 mg RE /100 g) and highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (14497.3 mgTE /100 g). The highest lipase inhibition (89.07%) was observed in guava leaves. In rhizomes, turmeric contained the highest total phenolic content (6570 mg GAE /100 g) and flavonoid content (14760 mg RE /100 g). Mango ginger possessed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity of 9038.7 mg TE /100 g and lipase inhibition of 44.83%. The study concludes that guava leaves and mango ginger possess the highest anti-lipase activity among the selected leaves and rhizomes.

Sustainability of Vine Cultivation in Arid Areas of Southeastern Spain through Strategies Combining Controlled Deficit Irrigation and Selection of Monastrell Clones

The use of rootstocks and clones with different vigor and sensitivity to water deficit is an important and useful agronomic tool for vineyard management. It is essential to search for systems and strategies that maximize efficiency and productivity in the use of water. The objective of this work was to carry out a comparative economic and environmental evaluation, using the life cycle cost (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, of the organic cultivation of seven Monastrell clones under two irrigation strategies, as well as to evaluate the productivity of water. The grape production depended significantly on the clone and the irrigation treatment, but the interaction between these factors was not significant. The differentiating effect of the °Brix on the price and gross receipts was very insignificant. Thus, the most important differences in productivity were those that determined the differences in economic productivity; clones 188 and 94 stood out for their high profitability. In relation to water, the most productive, water-use-efficient clones (94 and 188) showed very high WUE values. The combination of the selected plant material with the application of controlled deficit irrigation programs is a strategy with relevant economic and environmental effects on the sustainability of wine grape cultivation, especially in semi-arid areas with limited water resources.

In vitro wound healing effects of combinations of Aloe vera gel with different extracts of Bulbine frutescens

Many skin conditions, including wounds, have been treated traditionally with plant-based medicines such as Aloe vera and Bulbine frutescens. The gel from the leaves of A. vera has shown potential in burn wound treatment and other skin conditions, while B. frutescens exhibited accelerated wound healing properties in previous in vitro and in vivo studies. This study investigated whether the skin wound healing properties of A. vera gel could be enhanced by combining it with each of two different B. frutescens extracts (aqueous and gel). Firstly, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the selected plant materials was measured on HaCaT and 84BR cells by means of methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assays. The in vitro re-epithelialization potential or wound healing properties were determined by means of the scratch assay on HaCaT cell layers. The wound closure percentage and migration rate values were measured in an untreated control group as well as after 24 h treatment with the individual plant materials as well as combinations thereof. The scratch assay results showed that the wound closure percentage and migration rate values for each of the selected plant materials individually were higher than that of the untreated control group. When A. vera gel (0.25 mg/ml) was combined with B. frutescens aqueous extract in three different concentrations (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/ml), all the combination ratios exhibited higher wound closure percentage and migration rate values than that of the control group and it was also higher than the effects of each individual plant material alone. On the other hand, combination of A. vera gel with B. frutescens gel extract did not show increased wound healing effects as compared to that of the control group nor the individual plant materials. It can be concluded that the wound healing properties of A. vera gel can be increased by combining it with B. frutescens aqueous extract.

In English

The main task and relevance of this work are to develop the most effective sorbents for cleaning oil pollution or accidental oil spills. A generalized criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of a sorbent is the local availability and fast renewability of raw materials for biochar. The features of obtaining biochar from cellulose-containing plant raw materials of corn cobs are described. The effect was studied of the pyrolysis conditions of the selected plant material on the physicochemical properties of biochar, which are responsible for the intermolecular interaction of the sorbent with the adsorbed substance and for immobilization and viability of oil degrading bacteria, which indicates the possibility to control the properties of oil destructive sorbent at the production stage. The optimal mode of carbonization of such raw materials has been worked out to obtain a sorbent with porosity and chemical compatibility with oil-degrading bacteria. Cultural cultivation for immobilization of oil-degrading bacteria was carried out in a nutrient medium and a concentrate was prepared. It is shown that biochar with oil-oxidizing microorganisms fixed on its surface has significant sorption and destructive properties.

The Impact of Culinary Processing, including Sous-Vide, on Polyphenols, Vitamin C Content and Antioxidant Status in Selected Vegetables-Methods and Results: A Critical Review.

This study presents various research methods and results analysis of the total antioxidant status (TAS), polyphenols content (PC) and vitamin C content in selected plant materials (vegetables) subjected to various technological processes, including sous-vide. The analysis included 22 vegetables (cauliflower white rose, romanesco type cauliflower, broccoli, grelo, col cabdell cv. pastoret, col lllombarda cv. pastoret, brussels sprouts, kale cv. crispa-leaves, kale cv. crispa-stem, toscana black cabbage, artichokes, green beans, asparagus, pumpkin, green peas, carrot, root parsley, brown teff, white teff, white cardoon stalks, red cardoon stalks and spinach) from 18 research papers published in 2017 to 2022. The results after processing by various methods such as conventional, steaming and sous-vide cooking were compared to the raw vegetable results. The antioxidant status was mainly determined by the radical DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods, the polyphenol content by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the vitamin C content using dichlorophenolindophenol and liquid chromatography methods. The study results were very diverse, but in most studies, the cooking techniques contributed to reducing TAS, PC and vitamin C content, with the sous-vide process being most beneficial. However, future studies should focus on vegetables for which discrepancies in the results were noted depending on the author, as well as lack of clarity regarding the analytical methods used, e.g., cauliflower white rose or broccoli.

Differences in Growth and Water Use Efficiency in Four Almond Varieties Grafted onto Rootpac-20

Almond cultivation in the Mediterranean area has undergone important changes leading to the current trend of intensification. In this scenario, low-vigor rootstocks have recently been developed, such as the ‘Rootpac®’ series, but knowledge about the rootstock’s influence on adaptation to high-density planting systems is very scarce. The objective of this work was to assess the morphological and physiological response of four almond cultivars grafted on ‘Rootpac-20’. To this end, one-year-old almond plants (Prunus dulcis (Mill) D. A. Webb.) cv ‘Penta’ (P), ‘Guara’ (G), ‘Vialfas’ (V) and ‘Soleta’ (S) were grown in pots, irrigated at field capacity (from June to September). Plant height and trunk diameter were measured periodically, and the water use efficiency of production was determined at the end of the trial. Evapotranspiration was measured throughout the experiment. The trunk diameter was greater in S and G at the end of the trial. Similarly, the tallest plants were G while the shortest ones were P. In general, G and S had a higher water use efficiency than V and P. ‘Soleta’ grafted on ‘Rootpac-20’ had higher evapotranspiration values (+25%), which is an important issue when selecting plant material, especially in the case of limited water availability for irrigation.

Proximate Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Morphological Parts of Herbs

The aim of the study was to provide an analytical evaluation of the proximate composition, the total content of polyphenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity, of 27 selected plant materials collected in Poland (West Pomeranian). The basic chemical composition was determined in the ground samples according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Antioxidant activity was tested using free radical methods ABTS•+, DPPH•+ and the FRAP method. The lowest concentration of dry matter (DM) was measured in black chokeberry (88.82 g/100 g) and the highest was found in milk thistle (94.65 g/100 g) as well as black cumin (95.09 g/100 g). The content of total polyphenols, assessed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, ranged from 291.832–7565.426 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent (CGA)/100 g of DM. Antioxidant activity measured sequentially against the radical ABTS•+, DPPH•+ and using the FRAP method was 26.334–1912.016 µM Trolox/g DM, 9.475–1061.068 µM Trolox/g DM and 26.252–1769.766 µM Trolox/g DM, respectively. The methanolic extract from milk thistle fruit in most assays was characterized by the lowest antioxidant activity and the lowest total content of polyphenolic compounds. Methanol extracts prepared from garlic, stinging nettle and cleavers showed the highest content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity among the tested plant materials. The parts of plants with the highest antioxidant potential can be a source of new bioactive compounds, but further research is required to describe the profile of compounds harmful to human health.

Antimicrobial Activities Evaluation and Phytochemical Screening of Some Selected Plant Materials Used in Traditional Medicine.

Plant extracts are a source of valuable ingredients that can be used in many industries. This paper presents research on the content of selected bioactive compounds in extracts obtained from various plant materials. Raw materials have a documented use in traditional medicine not only in Poland. The tested plants were: bitter melon (fruit), elderberry (flowers, fruit, leaves), wild rose (fruit, flesh, seeds), mountain ash (fruit), guelder rose (fruit), and sea buckthorn (fruit, leaves, pomace). The main goal of these tests is to indicate the potential raw materials that may constitute an alternative source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity. The plant material was tested for the content of bioactive antioxidant compounds and possible antimicrobial activity. The content of polyphenols (phenolic acids and flavonoids) was analyzed using UPLC/PDA, sterols, organic acids, and other bioactive compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The total free phenolic acids (TPC) and total free flavonoids (TFC) of all plant raw materials was varied and ranged from 0.21 (mg RUTE/1 g of extract) to 38.30 mg RUTE/1 g of extract) for TFC. The concentration of sterols was, on average, about 10 mg/1 g of extract. The value of approx. 20 mg/1 g of the extract was recorded for bitter melon and beach rose. The content of organic acids was about 1.5 mg/1 g of the extract to even 13 mg/1 g of the extract for sea buckthorn berries. The most sensitive to the extracts' activity were the following bacteria: M. luteus, P. mirabilis, P. fragii, S. enteritidis, and E. coli. The tested plant materials can be used in various industries as a source of bioactive compounds of an antibacterial nature.

Effect of Apple Juice Enrichment with Selected Plant Materials: Focus on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity.

Using a multi-analytical approach, this paper aimed to investigate the effect of apple juice enrichment with Arbutus unedo and Diospyros kaki fruits, Myrtus communis berry extract, Acca sellowiana, or Crocus sativus flower by-products on both bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity. Physico-chemical parameters, vitamin C, sugars, organic acids, total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and sensory attributes were evaluated. An LC-PDA/MS QTof analysis allowed for the identification of 80 different phenolic compounds. The highest polyphenol content (179.84 and 194.06 mg of GAE/100 g fw) and antioxidant activity (CUPRAC, 6.01 and 7.04 mmol of Fe2+/100 g fw) were observed in products with added A. sellowiana and D. kaki, respectively. Furthermore, the study showed a positive correlation between polymeric procyanidins and antioxidant activity (0.7646-0.8539). The addition of A. unedo fruits had a positively significant influence on the increment of vitamin C (23.68 ± 0.23 mg/100 g fw). The obtained products were attractive to consumers, especially those with 0.1% C. sativus flower juice, M. communis berry extract, and persimmon D. kaki fruits. The synergy among the different analytical techniques allowed us to obtain a complete set of information, demonstrating that the new apple smoothies were enriched in both different beneficial molecules for human health and in antioxidant activity.

Effectiveness of particle size of selected plant materials as protectants of stored Clarias gariepinus against Dermestes maculatus infestation

The focus of this study was to determine the efficacy of the different particle sizes of the powder of three plant materials, African Nut-meg (Monodora myristica), Black pepper (Piper guineense) and dry bud of Cloves (Eugenia aromatica) in the control of Dermestes maculatus infestation on stored dried African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Each plant material was pulverized, sieved into 0.5 mm and 0.4 mm particle-sizes, rubbed at 5 g of powder onto the body of 55 g dried fish and placed in Kilner jar in triplicates. The weight loss, adult / larvae emergence and adult mortality of treated fish were determined. The results showed that 0.4 mm particle size of the powder of P. guineense and E. aromatica prevented the infestation of D. maculatus as demonstrated by low fish weight loss, low level of adult / larvae emergence and high mean value of adult insect mortality. Higher number of larvae emergence and weight losses were recorded in the fish exposed to 0.5 mm of each plant powder and 0.4 mm of M. myristica. The study revealed that stored catfish could be treated with smooth particle sizes of Piper guineense and Eugenia aromatica, and can significantly serve as protectants of smoked C. gariepinus against Dermestes maculatus infestation.

Long-Term Field Evaluation of Conventional vs. Micropropagated Plants of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium

Pyrethrum is a perennial herbaceous plant endemic to the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, and introduced in large areas of nearly all continents, where it is cultivated for the industrial extraction of pyrethrins. Pyrethrins are a group of six closely related monoterpene esters, widely used as natural insecticides. The world production of natural pyrethrins is lower than the market demand, and a wider introduction of this crop within the Mediterranean agrosystems could be an appealing opportunity for farmers and manufacturers. The availability of adequate amounts of selected plant material to bring into cultivation is, however, one of the major issues. Therefore, the in vitro propagation of elite pyrethrum genotypes could be a suitable alternative to conventional propagation methods. In this paper, we present the results of a 9-year field comparison between pyrethrum plants coming from an in vitro propagation protocol and plants obtained by cutting from the same mother plants. Furthermore, since plantlets derived from in vitro regeneration may experience ploidy changes, we evaluated the stability of the ploidy level of pyrethrum-micropropagated plants by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. FCM screening revealed no differences among the morphotypes and between them and the mother plant. Likewise, the field evaluation of plants gave no significant differences between flower yields in both groups. Hence, micropropagation was confirmed as an easy, efficient and reproducible method to obtain large quantities of selected pyrethrum genotypes.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Selected Plant Material

Plants are a valuable source of biologically active molecules, mainly phenolic compounds. In the present study, the total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH· and ABTS+ scavenging activity as well as ferric reducing ability (FRAP) of aqueous ethanolic (70%) extracts of Cistus incanus L. and Asarum europaeum L. herb, Geum urbanum L. rhizome, Angelica archangelica L. root, white mulberry (Morus alba L.), lemon balm (Melisa officinalis L.), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and Betula pendula Roth. leaves were determined. In addition, the phenolic profiles of the studied plant extracts and antibacterial activity have been investigated. The extracts from C. incanus and G. urbanum demonstrated the highest TPC and antioxidant capacity, while the extracts from A. archangelica and white mulberry were characterized by the lowest values. A remarkable correlation was also found between the TPC and antioxidant activity of the examined extracts. HPLC analysis showed that the studied extracts were sources of both phenolic acids and flavonoids. More flavonoids than phenolic acids were identified in the extracts of C. incanus, M. alba, R. idaeus and B. pendula compared to the other extracts tested. Not all extracts showed a significant impact on the growth of the tested bacterial strains. Escherichia coli was the most sensitive strain to lemon balm extract (MIC, 0.125 mg/mL), whereas the strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Bordetella bronchiseptica were sensitive to the G. urbanum extract (MIC, 0.125 mg/mL). Among Gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis was the most sensitive to G. urbanum extract. In turn, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were sensitive to the extracts from C. incanus herb (MIC, 0.125 mg/mL), red raspberry (MIC, 0.125 mg/mL) and lemon balm leaves (MIC. 0.25 mg/mL). Based on the obtained results, the applicability of the studied plant extracts as additives to food and cosmetic products may be considered in the future.

Studies on NF-κB Docking with Common Bioactive Compounds in Punica granatum peel and Vitis vinifera Seeds

Plant-based products have long been utilized as traditional remedies throughout the world. Higher plants serve as a "reservoir" of phytochemicals known as bioactive compounds, which are used as valuable medicines to fight a variety of diseases across the world. The materials that are considered waste in plants possess bioactive components with potential medicinal properties due to the presence of important secondary metabolites known as phytochemicals. In this study, the interaction of phytochemicals that are present in both Punica granatum peel and Viti vinifera seeds was analyzed on protein NF-κB. Compounds 2,3- dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP), α-tocopherol-β-D-mannoside, gamma-sitosterol, glycerine, guanidine, pyrogallol, palmitic acid, and ethyl palmitate were the eight phytoconstituents which are present in both the selected plant materials and further investigated for in-silico analysis. The 3D protein structure of NF-κB was retrieved from the protein data bank. The structures of bioactive compounds were obtained from Chemspider and drawn using Chemsketch software. This study clearly shows that α-tocopherol-β.-D-mannoside interacts with target protein NF-κB with an energy level of -10.88 kcal/mol (2 hydrogen bonds). The interaction of α-tocopherol-β-D-mannoside with NF-κB may play a major role in anti-oxidant and anti-cancer potential and provide chemopreventive property for both P. granatum peel and V. vinifera seeds.

In-Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic effects of different Solvent Extraction Terminalia chebula, Terminalia billerica, Phyllanthus emblica

Objective: The phytochemical analysis of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract as well as to evaluate the potential synergistic activity of screened plant extracts for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Methodology: In present study phytochemical constituent from selected plant material was extracted in different solvents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assay against standard antioxidant. MTT assay was performed to find out cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effect on MCF- breast cancer cell line. Result: Phytochemical analysis of the performed which showed that alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and saponins. In context of antioxidant assays almost selected extracts showed moderate activity but ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula, proven to be having significant antioxidant activity over all extracts. Anti-inflammatory activity of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line exhibited that good activity with IC50 value 228.82µg/ml. Whereas Methanol extract of Terminalia bellirica and Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica shown 432.45µg and 259.02µg respectively. Conclusion: The present study concludes that in among three tested extracts, Ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula exhibited prominent anticancer activity against Breast cancer (MCF-7) with significant IC50 value 228.82 µg. However further studies are needed to find out the structural of bioactive compounds and investigate mechanisms of antioxidant and anticancer activities of the bioactive compounds in in-vivo animal study.