Types Of Seismic Waves Research Articles

Study on seismic response characteristics of living stumps slope based on large-scale shaking table test

A large-scale shaking table test of a living stump slope with a geometric similarity ratio of 1:7 was designed and completed. The peak acceleration, acceleration amplification factor, and displacement response patterns of living stumps slopes under different types of seismic waves and excitation intensities were obtained. The time-frequency and energy variation characteristics were analyzed using the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT). The results showed that: (1) Regardless of the type of seismic wave, the peak acceleration and acceleration amplification factor of the living stumps slope surface are positively correlated with relative height and seismic excitation intensity. When the excitation intensity is ≤ 0.4 g, the acceleration amplification effect is more pronounced; when the excitation intensity is > 0.4 g, the acceleration amplification effect weakens. (2) Under the action of different seismic waves, the peak displacement of slope surface shows amplification effect along the elevation, and increases with the increase of excitation intensity. In addition, the incremental displacement gradually decreases from the toe to the top of the slope, which is expressed as D2 > D3 > D1 > D4 > D5. The peak displacement at the top of the slope is the greatest, but the incremental displacement is the smallest; the peak displacement at the toe of the slope is the smallest, but the incremental displacement is relatively large. (3) Regardless of the type of seismic wave, living stumps slope shows the characteristics of filtering the low-frequency components of the seismic waves and amplifying their high-frequency components. At the same time, the seismic Hilbert energy gradually accumulates along the elevation. PSHEA and PMSA significantly increase with elevation and excitation intensity, and they reach the maximum at the top of the slope. (4) The seismic Hilbert energy is positively correlated with the relative height and excitation intensity, and reaches the maximum at the top of the slope. With the accumulation of seismic Hilbert energy increases, the dynamic response parameters such as peak acceleration, acceleration amplification coefficient and displacement also increase synchronously, reaching the maximum at the top of the slope. The research conclusions can provide an experimental basis for the seismic design of living stumps slopes.

Study of the dynamic interactions between helix-stiffened cement mixing piles and soft soil under oblique incidence of SV waves in arbitrary space

Helix stiffened cement mixing (HSCM) piles are extensively utilized in soft soil sites due to their excellent seismic and pullout resistance. Initially, the equivalent nodal force formulas for each face under the oblique incidence of SV waves in any spatial direction are derived based on the viscous-spring artificial boundary. The method's applicability in studying pile–soil interactions is verified based on existing pile–soil tests. Subsequently, the HSCM pile–soil model is constructed using finite element software through a Python program. Various analyses of accelerations, relative displacements, soil reactions, and pile–soil dynamic p-y curves are conducted using two different directions of incidence angles (horizontal and vertical) and various types of seismic waves. Subsequently, the backbone line of the dynamic p-y curve is plotted, revealing the pile–soil interaction mechanism under spatial oblique incidence. Finally, Matlock's formula is modified to ensure its applicability to pile–soil interactions under spatially oblique incidence. The results demonstrate that loading the Kobe wave causes the peak acceleration in the x direction, the peak pile–soil relative displacement, and the peak pile-side soil reaction force to increase by 22.64 %, −18.90 % and 18.42 %, respectively, compared to those of the El Centro wave.

Pseudo-Helmholtz decomposition for an elastic VTI wavefield based on wavefront phase direction

P and S waves are coupled when propagating in anisotropic elastic media. The separation of P and S waves helps to study the characteristics of different types of seismic waves as well as mitigating crosstalk artifacts in elastic reverse time migration and elastic full-waveform inversion. At present, the methods of seismic wave mode separation in anisotropic media are mainly built on divergence- and curl-like operations, pseudo-Helmholtz decomposition, and low-rank approximation. We develop a new pseudo-Helmholtz decomposition operator based on eigenform analysis and the wavefront phase direction to decompose vertically transversely isotropic elastic wavefields. The corresponding P-/S-wave decoupling formulas are also derived in detail. Compared with the divergence- and curl-like methods, the new method does not change the phase of P and S waves. Compared with existing pseudo-Helmholtz decomposition methods based on eigenform analysis, our method achieves more accurate wavefield separation than the zero-order pseudo-Helmholtz decomposition operator. Our method requires solving one vector Poisson equation only, resulting in much less computational cost than the existing first-order pseudo-Helmholtz decomposition methods. In addition, the accuracy of our method is analyzed by providing homogeneous media with different parameter settings. Finally, the numerical examples demonstrate that the new pseudo-Helmholtz decomposition method is effective, efficient, and robust against random noise.

Spatially Dependent Seismic Wavefield Scattering from an Underground Chemical Explosion: Analysis of the Source Physics Experiment Dry Alluvium Geology Large-N Array

ABSTRACT Explosion sources have been observed to generate significant shear-wave energy despite their isotropic nature. To investigate this phenomenon, we conduct an analysis of the seismic data collected as part of the Source Physics Experiment (SPE): Dry Alluvium Geology (DAG) and investigate the generation of shear-wave energy via scattering. The data were produced by three underground chemical explosions and consist of three-component seismograms, which were recorded by the DAG Large-N array. Synthetic tests suggest that for the DAG experiments, small-scale stochastic heterogeneities, defined as features with correlation lengths of 10–100s of meters, are more effective than large-scale geologic structure (scales >1–10 km) at reproducing the scattering of explosion generated wavefields observed at DAG. We analyze the seismic data for spatially variable ratios between transversely and radially polarized seismic energy, and then estimate the mean free path of P and S waves. All analyses are conducted within a frequency band of 5–50 Hz. The ratio of transversely to radially polarized energy is the highest in the east and west portion of the Large-N array. In addition, the magnitude of the estimated S-wave mean free path is shorter in the eastern portion of the Large-N array. This variation indicates that the eastern area of the DAG array is where more scattering is occurring, suggesting azimuthal dependence of P-to-P and P-to-S scattering. This azimuthal dependence of P-to-S scattering can have implications for explosion discrimination based on spectral ratios of seismic wave types, because the general assumption is that explosions do not generate shear-wave energy. Synthetic tests modeling only larger-scale geologic structure had lower transversely polarized energy (only four stations showing a transversely to radially polarized energy ratio greater than 1) and fewer stations (<10) displaying shorter (<300 m) mean free paths than what was observed in the DAG data results.

Seismic behavior of a new fabricated concrete grating composite wall structure in rural residences: Shaking table test and finite element analysis

To promote the application of prefabricated concrete structures in the field of rural residences, this paper proposes a new fully fabricated concrete grating composite wall structure (FFCGCW). A 2:3 scaled single-story model with door and window openings was designed, and a shaking table test was carried out to study the seismic performance of the FFCGCW structure. Three types of seismic waves were selected to analyze the failure modes, dynamic response, displacement response, strain response, and acceleration response of the structure under four peak ground accelerations (PGAs). The experimental results indicated that the FFCGCW structure had a large stiffness and could work in an elastic state at PGA = 0.4 g. At PGA = 0.8 g, the maximum inter-story drift was 1/600, and the natural frequency decreased by 9.4 %. The structure just entered a plastic state, and no overall failure occurred when loaded to 0.8 g. The cracks mainly occurred on the concealed beam at the upper end of the window, the corner of the door opening, the floor slab, and the column base, but they did not continue to develop and no collapse occurred. Compared to cast-in-situ concrete structures, FFCGCW structural components use bolt-connected keyed joints, which are convenient for construction and have similar seismic performance. During the earthquake, the bolt gaskets constantly deformed, the pre-tightening force of the bolt decreased, and the keyed joints allowed for mutual displacement between structural components to dissipate energy. Meanwhile, a simplified shell-element finite element (FE) simulation method was proposed for the grating wall, and the experimental data was verified by the FE analysis, with errors within 10 %.

Response Displacement Method for Seismic Calculation of Subway Station Complex Structure of TOD Mode

The TOD mode with rail transit stations as the center has become an important direction of future central city construction. However, at present, there is still a lack of simplified calculation methods for the seismic design of a subway station complex structure of TOD mode. Based on the load-structure model of the classic response displacement method and the seismic deformation characteristics of the underground complex structure, an improved response displacement method for seismic calculation of the subway station complex structure considering the influence of the upper frame structure was proposed in this paper. Then, based on the actual engineering case, the applicability of the improved reaction displacement method was verified through investigating the influencing factors such as seismic wave type, ground motion intensity, building position, structure form, structure stiffness, and stratum stiffness. Furthermore, a series of numerical simulation experiments were conducted to verify the simplified method and further evaluate its computational accuracy. The result shows that the error in calculating the internal force and deformation response of a station complex structure by using the improved reaction displacement method can be controlled at about 10%. The improved response deformation method is proved to be a highly practical pseudo-static method.

An adaptive finite-difference method for seismic traveltime modeling based on 3D eikonal equation

3D eikonal equation is a partial differential equation for the calculation of first-arrival traveltimes and has been widely applied in many scopes such as ray tracing, source localization, reflection migration, seismic monitoring and tomographic imaging. In recent years, many advanced methods have been developed to solve the 3D eikonal equation in heterogeneous media. However, there are still challenges for the stable and accurate calculation of first-arrival traveltimes in 3D strongly inhomogeneous media. In this paper, we propose an adaptive finite-difference (AFD) method to numerically solve the 3D eikonal equation. The novel method makes full use of the advantages of different local operators characterizing different seismic wave types to calculate factors and traveltimes, and then the most accurate factor and traveltime are adaptively selected for the convergent updating based on the Fermat principle. Combined with global fast sweeping describing seismic waves propagating along eight directions in 3D media, our novel method can achieve the robust calculation of first-arrival traveltimes with high precision at grid points either near source point or far away from source point even in a velocity model with large and sharp contrasts. Several numerical examples show the good performance of the AFD method, which will be beneficial to many scientific applications.

Study on Seismic Response of Aqueduct under Different Types of Seismic Waves

Study on Seismic Response of Aqueduct under Different Types of Seismic Waves

Shaking Table Test for Seismic Isolation Performance of Adjustable Height Seismic Isolation Rubber Bearing

To study the seismic isolation effect of adjustable height seismic isolation rubber bearing, a continuous girder bridge was subjected to a shaking table test study with full bridge scaling to compare the seismic isolation effects of plate rubber bearings, natural rubber bearings (LNR) and adjustable height seismic isolation rubber bearings under different types of seismic waves, loading directions and seismic intensities.The test results show that when the seismic intensity is small, the seismic isolation performance of the three types of bearings is relatively close. But when the seismic intensity is large, the seismic isolation effect of the adjustable height isolation bearing is better than that of the plate rubber bearing and LNR bearing. Adjustable height isolation rubber bearing can significantly reduce the acceleration of the bridge deck plate, shear force and bending moment in the bottom of piers.

SEISMIC WAVE RECORDER DESIGN FOR DEVELOPMENT FOOTSTEP HUMAN DETECTION ALGORITHMS

The article shoving the results of development seismic signal recorder for purpose of registration human footstep seismic signals. Design of recorder was adopted for collection seismic signals and store it on PC, for next seismic signal processing and creation signal detection and classification algorithms.
 The article provides an overview of the types of seismic waves, their classification is given. The conditions for the propagation of seismic waves are determined, and the features of Rayleigh waves are clarified. The design structure of the seismic sensor has been developed. The specifics of the functioning of the seismic sensor are described, the place and conditions of power supply and placement of the external interface are recognized. The specifics of using the sensor of an electromechanical transducer - geophone and the features of measurements using a stationary earth are described. It is shown that the development of a seismic signal sensor circuit implies the placement of input amplifiers in its structure. The main amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the geophone are presented. Geophone equivalent circuit, amplifier circuit, low-pass filter circuit are presented. Illustrations of types of seismograms are given, recommendations on the features of digital signal processing are given. The order of seismic signal processing is connected with its transmission from the sensor through the amplifying stage, passing through a low-pass filter in order to minimize noise and interference. The next step is to send a signal to the ADC. From the presented graphs of sensitivity and phase shift of the geophone, it follows that special attention should be paid to the curve corresponding to the sensor with an open output. This configuration of the sensor is optimal in the context of the formation of the maximum equal frequency response.
 As papers result was proposed structural and schematic design for all main recorders blocks and software features that required for properly using recorder. Tests in real conditions on test sites have shown the correctness of the choice of schemes of technical solutions for the task of registering seismic waves.

Experimental and numerical investigation on seismic response of the soil-structure cluster interaction system

With the rapid advancement of urbanization in recent decades, a large number of surface dense buildings have appeared. Soil-structure cluster interaction (SSCI) has attracted widespread attention. However, most current research is based on numerical simulations, and studies using shaking table tests are rare. Here, a series of shaking table tests of soil-structure interaction and SSCI systems were designed and conducted to investigate the effect of SSCI on the response of the structure and site soil. The number of structures, seismic wave types, and amplitudes were considered. The numerical method was verified based on test data. The test data and numerical results indicate that (1) the presence of surface buildings does not always reduce the free-field soil motion. However, the soil vibration decreases as the number of surface structures increases. (2) The maximum influence of SSCI effects on the roof acceleration and displacement of the central building (CB) can be as high as –23% and −18%, respectively. (3) The relative deformation of the structure decreases with an increase in the number of structures, and the relative deformation of the middle layer is the largest. (4) Different evaluation indices can yield roughly the same results, although the focus of each evaluation index is different. (5) A denser layout enhances the SSCI effect and further reduces the response of the CB when the urban density of the structural cluster is the same.

弾性すべり支承における静摩擦係数を考慮した免震建物の設計手法について

We have illustrated the response changes in the design method for considering the static friction coefficient of elastic sliding bearings in the design of seismic isolated buildings. We also compared the actually observed seismic motion with the response of this design method. According to the results, the design formula and analysis model can reproduce the actual seismic motion, and the response shear force and response displacement change depending on the type of seismic wave when the static friction coefficient is taken into consideration. Therefore, the proposed design method considering the coefficient of static friction is considered appropriate.

Shaking table experimental investigations on dynamic characteristics of CFRP cable dome

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars have the feature of lower density, higher strength and better anti-fatigue performance compared with steel bars. Therefore, CFRP is a kind of ideal material for a long-span spatial structure. To explore the dynamic performance of spatial structures and take full advantages of CFRP bars in long span cable dome structures, a CFRP cable dome scale model with a diameter of 5.4 m was designed for a shaking table test. In this model, struts and cables were made of CFRP material except that the internal ring beams were fabricated with steel. In the test, new types of joint forms and anchoring configurations for CFRP cable dome structures were proposed because the existing forms for steel domes cannot be applied to CFRP dome structures. In addition, three kinds of seismic waves including Elcentro wave, Kobe wave and Pasadena wave were selected to generate 12 load cases and the maximum acceleration was 900 Gal. The acceleration and strain response of the model under different types of seismic waves was researched. It is demonstrated that middle-ring upper joints have the largest acceleration response because the control vibration modes of the CFRP cable dome structure are anti-symmetric mode. In addition, a CFRP dome numerical model was established to carry out modal analysis by program ANSYS. By comparing the results of finite element modal analysis with the measured frequencies, the natural vibration modes of the structure are analyzed. Based on the results of seismic wave spectrum analysis and structural modal analysis, the Pasadena wave, which has a wide low frequency region for high Fourier amplitude, can excite the greatest acceleration response.

Beamforming of Rayleigh and Love Waves in the Course of Atlantic Cyclones

AbstractThe main sources of the ambient seismic wavefield in the microseismic frequency band (peaking in the ∼0.04–0.5 Hz range) are earth's oceans, namely the wind‐driven surface gravity waves (SGW) that couple oscillations into the seafloor and the upper crust underneath. Cyclones (e.g., hurricanes, typhoons) and other atmospheric storms are efficient generators of high ocean waves that in turn generate distinct microseismic signatures. In this study, we perform a polarization (i.e., three‐component) beamforming analysis of microseismic (0.05–0.16 Hz) retrograde Rayleigh and Love waves during major Atlantic hurricanes using a virtual array of seismometers in Eastern Canada. Oceanic hindcasts and meteorological data are used for comparison. No continuous generation of microseism along the hurricane track is observed but rather an intermittent signal generation. Both seismic surface wave types show clear cyclone‐related microseismic signatures that are consistent with a colocated generation at near‐coastal or shallow regions, however the Love wavefield is comparatively less coherent. We identify two different kinds of intermittent signals: (a) azimuthally progressive signals that originate with a nearly constant spatial lag pointing toward the trail of the hurricanes and (b) azimuthally steady signals remaining nearly constant in direction of arrival even days after the hurricane significantly changed its azimuth. This high complexity highlights the need for further studies to unravel the interplay between site‐dependent geophysical parameters, SGW forcing at depth and microseismic wavefield radiation and propagation, as well as the potential use of cyclone microseisms as passive natural sources.

Research on seismic absorption of high-speed railway segmental assembled round-end hollow pier with low yield point steel connection buckle

The research aims to enhance the seismic safety of the segmental assembled round end hollow pier (SAREHP) of high-speed railway in high intensity seismic regions and ensure the repairability of the pier after earthquake. A low yield point steel connection buckle (LYPSCB), which is easy to be installed and to be replaced after earthquake damage, was proposed as a new seismic absorption measure for the pier, and the seismic absorption effect of the LYPSCB was deeply studied. Firstly, the nonlinear numerical model of the SAREHP with energy dissipation bar (SAREHP-EDB) was established according to the pseudo-static test results of the pier completed. Based on the numerical model of the SAREHP-EDB, the SAREHP with the LYPSCB (SAREHP-LYPSCB) was established and corrected. Subsequently, the influence of the LYPSCB on the hysteretic behavior of the SAREHP was studied, and the hysteretic behavior of the SAREHP-LYPSCB was comprehensively compared with a reference to the SAREHP-EDB. Furthermore, considering the far-field seismic wave and the near-field seismic wave with or without pulse, the seismic absorption effect of the LYPSCB was revealed through dynamic time history analysis method. The research results indicated that, by increasing the section contribution rate of the LYPSCB, the horizontal resistance, loading and unloading stiffness as well as energy dissipation capacity of the SAREHP-LYPSCB are significantly improved. However, the residual displacement of the pier is also indirectly increased. Therefore, it is suggested that the section contribution rate of the LYPSCB is controlled and designed in combination with the seismic target displacement and self-centering capacity demand of pier. The hysteretic behavior of the SAREHP-LYPSCB is better than that of the SAREHP-EDB, which indicated that the LYPSCB possesses better seismic absorption effect. Note that the seismic absorption effect of the LYPSCB is more obvious in resisting strong earthquake, in which the seismic absorption rate can reach 80 %. The near-field pulse seismic wave has the greatest impact on the seismic response of the SAREHP-LYPSCB compared with other types of seismic wave, which should be paid special attention.

Fragility analysis of nuclear power plant structure under real and spectrum-compatible seismic waves considering soil-structure interaction effect

Both the real and spectrum-compatible seismic waves are widely used as input loads in the seismic assessment of critical structures in engineering applications, which are also allowed by international codes. However, the effect of the real seismic waves and spectrum-compatible seismic waves generated by different methods on the dynamic responses of structures has not been thoroughly emphasized. This study focused on quantitatively comparing the dynamic responses and fragility of the AP1000 nuclear power plant under real and spectrum-compatible seismic waves. Real and spectrum-compatible seismic waves generated by the modification and synthetic methods were used to perform the time history analysis. The effects of three input motion types on a high-accuracy soil–structure interaction system model were investigated based on various dynamic response indexes. The fragility assessment and maximum tension strain contours of the AP1000 nuclear power plant subjected to the three types of seismic waves were also presented to evaluate the influence of the input motions. The results revealed that spectrum-compatible seismic waves can cause larger dynamic responses than real seismic waves at the same peak ground acceleration level. Additionally, although some response indexes, such as strain energy, are sensitive to the input motions when the nuclear power plant is in a nonlinear state, the generation methods of spectrum-compatible seismic waves have insignificant effects on most dynamic response indexes, fragility assessment, and damaged zone locations.

Study on the shock-absorbing effect of a new staggered story isolated structure under the long-period earthquake motion

The finite element model of a new staggered story isolated structure is established. Using the time-history analysis method, the dynamic response state of the structure at each time step is calculated by integrating the acceleration time-history data step-by-step. Three different types of seismic waves (ordinary seismic wave, near-fault impulse seismic wave, far-field quasi harmonic and long-period seismic wave) are input respectively for dynamic time history analysis. The result indicates that the new staggered story isolated structure has a good shock absorption effect under the action of three different types of seismic waves. There are certain differences in the shock absorption effect under the three kinds of ground motions. The seismic response under ordinary ground motions is minimal, but the seismic response of the structure increases in response to far-field quasi harmonic and long-period ground motions and the near-field fault pulse ground motions. Meanwhile, the inter-story shear force, inter story acceleration, inter-story displacement, damage, and the energy input are all increasing, However, compared with the aseismic structure, the inter-story shear force is reduced by 48%, the inter-story acceleration is reduced by 23%, the inter-story displacement is reduced by 48%, and the energy dissipation rate of the isolated layer is 65%. In addition, the isolated bearing is in good condition during occasional earthquakes under normal ground motion. However, the bearing exceeds the permissible range during near-fault impulse ground motion and far-field harmonic and long-period earthquakes. Therefore, special consideration should be given to the area where the far-field harmonic and long-period ground motion are involved.

Joint passive seismic imaging based on surface wave inversion and reflection wavefield retrieval: A case study in the sedimentary basin areas adjacent to Well Songke-2

Owing to their cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and high-efficiency, passive seismic methods are widely used in geophysical exploration. However, field passive seismic data suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio, as well as the fact that different types of seismic waves are naturally mixed together, which can affect the accuracy of subsurface imaging results and the subsequent geological interpretation. In this paper, we demonstrate that these problems can be addressed and present a case study on passive seismic detection in sedimentary basin areas adjacent to Well Songke-2 in Songliao Basin. To obtain accurate and reliable imaging results of the sedimentary strata, a detailed practical scheme is proposed, where fundamental and higher mode surface wave dispersion curves are inverted for obtaining the near-surface S-wave velocity profile, and the body wave component of ambient noise is utilized to retrieve the reflection wavefield information. The obtained profiles from surface wave inversion and reflection wavefield retrieval illustrate similar underground structures. The marker boundaries T2 (1.5 s) and T4 (2.1 s) are well demonstrated, and a low velocity stratum (0.4 s) is detected at a shallow depth of around 400–600 m. Further, the results are highly consistent with the data obtained from borehole logging of Well Songke-2 and the deep reflection seismic profile adjacent to this area, which indicates that the surface wave and body wave in passive seismic data can be utilized together to contribute to a detailed and accurate subsurface imaging and interpretation. Overall, this study investigated and validated the reliability and accuracy of the combination use of passive seismic methods for geological structure exploration, which can further boost their applications for geological interpretation in sedimentary basin areas.

Stress Shifting Effect of Hydrogen Mixed Natural Gas Pipe Under Seismic Wave

Abstract Hydrogen energy is a kind of clean secondary energy sources. Mixed hydrogen natural gas transportation technology is a new scheme of hydrogen transportation. Using natural gas pipe to transport hydrogen is expected to further promote its application. In order to study the mechanical properties of buried steel pipe under seismic waves, a numerical model is established. The time history and stress distribution of pipe section under seismic wave are analyzed. Effects of seismic intensity, surrounding soil, buried depth and seismic wave type on pipe's mechanical properties are discussed. The results show that the pipe section stress fluctuates under seismic wave, and the stress shifting effect occurs. The maximum stress is located in the directions of 45 deg, 135 deg, 225 deg, and 315 deg. Stress increases with the increasing of seismic intensity, and the stress distribution of pipe section is also changed. Stress responses of the pipe in different soil are different, and the stress distribution of pipe section at the maximum stress time is similar. The deeper the buried depth is, the greater the pipe stress is. Pipe stress is related to the maximum acceleration of the seismic wave and spectrum characteristics. Those results can provide a basis for the design and safety evaluation of mixed hydrogen natural gas pipes.

Influence of seismic wave type and incident direction on the dynamic response of tall concrete-faced rockfill dams

Owing to the stochastic behavior of earthquakes and complex crustal structure, wave type and incident direction are uncertain when seismic waves arrive at a structure. In addition, because of the different types of the structures and terrains, the traveling wave effects have different influences on the dynamic response of the structures. For the tall concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD), it is not only built in the complex terrain such as river valley, but also its height has reached 300 m level, which puts forward higher requirements for the seismic safety of the anti-seepage system mainly comprising concrete face slabs, especially the accurate location of the weak area in seism. Considering the limitations of the traditional uniform vibration analysis method, we implemented an efficient dynamic interaction analysis between a tall CFRD and its foundation using a non-uniform wave input method with a viscous-spring artificial boundary and equivalent nodal loads. This method was then applied to investigate the dynamic stress distribution on the concrete face slabs for different seismic wave types and incident directions. The results indicate that dam-foundation interactions behave differently at different wave incident angles, and that the traveling wave effect becomes more evident in valley topography. Seismic wave type and incident direction dramatically influenced stress in the face slab, and the extreme stress values and distribution law will vary under oblique wave incidence. The influence of the incident direction on slab stress was particularly apparent when SH-waves arrived from the left bank. Specifically, the extreme stress values in the face slab increased with an increasing incident angle. Interestingly, the locations of the extreme stress values changed mainly along the axis of the dam, and did not exhibit large changes in height. The seismic safety of CFRDs is therefore lower at higher incident angles from an anti-seepage perspective. Therefore, it is necessary to consider both the seismic wave type and incident direction during seismic capacity evaluations of tall CFRDs.