Seismic System Research Articles

IDA-Based Collapse Safety Assessment of Torsional-Irregular Buildings, Considering Ductility and Damage

The complexity in nonlinear behavior of torsional-irregular buildings in combination with uncertainty due to the natural randomness of earthquake records has been always a main challenge for buildings’ seismic design. To find a solution to this challenge, three reinforced concrete (RC) building archetypes were designed and next developed into their nonlinear models. Nonlinear static (pushover) analyses were performed to calculate the capacity of the archetype models in all principal and non-principal directions while incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) were conducted by applying 30 accelerograms from both near-field and far-field earthquakes. The IDA capacity curves, collapse fragility curves and log-normal cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) were established by including both the aleatory randomness and epistemic uncertainty. Despite previous studies wherein fragility curves were given by evaluating structures’ collapse along structural reference axes or simply on [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]-axes, in this paper, possible building collapse on a critical non-principal direction (where maximum seismic response was observed) was simulated and its probability was accounted for developing IDA curves and log-normal CDFs. Accordingly, this issue was mirrored in computing available/acceptable collapse margin ratios (CMRs). In addition to the well-known outline used for calculating CMRs in the literature (that is based on estimation of collapse capacity in terms of earthquake intensity measure (IM)), the framework proposed here includes a new method for calculating the CMRs in terms of displacement-based drift, ductility, and damage. The superiority of the proposed method over the former is consistent with the buildings’ design procedure that is governed by storey drift control rather than base-shear strength. Refined statistics of CMRs given by taking into account displacement-based responses illustrate the available CMRs exceed the acceptable CMRs, meaning that a satisfactory safety margin against collapse will be anticipated in the targeted building class if a suitable yielding mechanism with sufficient ductility is provided for seismic force-resisting system by applying seismic design provisions of the current codes.

Resilience assessment and seismic risk assessment of reticulated shell structures considering multiple uncertainties

In response to the shortcomings of the Chinese code GB/T 38591-2020 and based on the multi-parameter resilience evaluation indicator for reticulated shell structures, the seismic resilience assessment system for reticulated shell structures considering multiple uncertainties in the seismic resilience assessment process (record-to-record, structural design parameters, resilience evaluation indicators, and modelling) is established using the “square-root-sum-of-squares” (SRSS) method. The seismic risk assessment method based on seismic resilience is proposed by combining the traditional seismic risk assessment method with emerging seismic resilience. The range and recommended values of each uncertainty index are obtained through many randomly selected reticulated shell calculation examples, and two large shaking table reticulated shell test models are used as examples for the resilience assessment considering multiple uncertainties and seismic risk assessment based on seismic resilience. The results show that the seismic resilience assessment system considering multiple uncertainties effectively avoids a large amount of calculation work and that the researcher can quantitatively and intuitively know the probability of different resilience levels occurring in a building under a certain ground motion intensity. The 50-year probabilities of exceedance considering four types of uncertainties are 1.7 ∼ 2.5 times the probabilities determined when only considering the uncertainties of record-to-record and structural design parameter, indicating that the potential risk of reticulated shell structures may be underestimated if the effects of each uncertainty are not fully considered in seismic risk assessment. The study has implications for risk guidance and data basis provision in seismic resilience and seismic risk assessment of reticulated shell structures.

1D Seismic Velocity Models for West-Central and Western Montana

Abstract In seismically active areas with infrequent large-magnitude earthquakes, high-quality seismic data are critical for determining accurate seismic velocity models. Here, we present a new local-scale crustal seismic velocity model in west-central Montana as well as a new regional-scale crustal and upper mantle seismic velocity model for broader western Montana. These models are constrained by phase arrivals from several seismic networks, including the University of Montana Seismic Network, the Montana Regional Seismic Network, the Advanced National Seismic System, temporary deployments by the U.S. Geological Survey, and the USArray Transportable Array. We jointly invert for hypocenters and velocity structure using the VELEST software. The local seismic velocity model is the first model specific to west-central Montana, using P-wave arrivals from aftershocks of the 2017 M 5.8 Lincoln, Montana, earthquake. The local model consists of eight layers down to 30 km depth below the mean sea level and spans a region of approximately 40,​000 km2 (200 km × 200 km). The velocity of the uppermost layer in the local model is 4.80 ± 0.11 km/s, and the velocity of the lowermost layer resolved from the data is 7.00 ± 0.05 km/s. Using an expanded dataset across a broader geographical area, we develop a “regional” seismic velocity model that represents spatially averaged velocity structure across western Montana. The regional model consists of thirteen layers down to 45 km depth below the sea level and is appropriate to an area of 160,​000 km2 (400 km × 400 km). The velocity of the uppermost layer is 4.30 ± 0.15 km/s, and the velocity of the lowermost layer is 8.00 ± 0.04 km/s. The new models are similar to prior velocity models for western Montana, but feature improved vertical resolution of layer velocities.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ANTISEISMIC SLIDING BELT PERFORMANCE

One of the effective methods for ensuring seismic resistance of buildings and structures located in seismic-prone areas is the use of an active seismic protection system. The most common at present is an active seismic protection system based on seismic isolation. Seismic isolations in the form of rubber-metal (RMB) and pendulum sliding bearings (PSB) have gained great popularity in our country and abroad. Also known seismic isolation in the form of a sliding belt at the foundation level. Unlike RMB and PSB, the sliding belt is easier to manufacture, install, maintain, however, it is less studied and there are still a lack of sufficient design justifications. In this study, the effectiveness of a seismic isolating sliding belt at the foundation level with PTFE plates was investigated: a methodology for calculating a building with seismic isolating sliding belt at the foundation level using the direct dynamic method was developed; studies were conducted on the influence of the friction coefficient of the friction minimization component on the effectiveness of the anti-seismic sliding belt using the example of a 9-story monolithic reinforced concrete building under one-component seismic excitation. As a result of the calculations, graphs of relative displacements and accelerations, stress intensity, also pictures with displacement isofields, stress intensity and deformations were obtained. The analysis of the obtained results shows that the most effective component for friction minimization is the use of PTFE plates.

Fuzzy-logic framework for updating the seismic fragility of deteriorating bridges via visual inspections

Seismic evaluations of bridges are critical to ensure the post-earthquake integrity of transportation networks; however, systematic evaluations are costly. Hence, bridge management systems have developed screening policies to identify the most seismically vulnerable bridges. Nevertheless, such policies are typically qualitative and may not easily capture the impact of bridge aging or the uncertainty in material and structural parameters, leading to potentially underrated vulnerability estimates. Thus, a new quantitative-yet-practical framework is proposed to screen bridges given the fragilities of deteriorating critical components, namely bearings and columns. The framework uses fuzzy-logic to integrate deterioration data from routine visual inspections into fragility analysis. Then, parameterized fuzzy-fragility models are developed for columns and bearings given their deterioration level, bridge design parameters, and seismic intensity. These models are utilized to develop a seismic vulnerability ranking system to set bridge priorities for detailed seismic investigation. The analysis revealed that bridge vulnerability ranking could significantly increase with deterioration.

Three-dimensional seismic architecture of an Upper Cretaceous volcanic complex and associated carbonate systems; Taylor Group, Elaine field, South Texas, USA

The seismic architecture of a tuff-dominated volcanic complex and the associated carbonate systems in the Upper Cretaceous Taylor Group (Anacacho Limestone) Elaine field in South Texas was examined using a three-dimensional seismic dataset. The investigation demonstrates that the combination of traditional seismic lithofacies analysis and seismic sedimentology allows the visualization and interpretation of volcanic elements and penecontemporaneous carbonate lithofacies at the scale of tens of meters. A wireline-log based, rock-physics model was analyzed and calibrated using core samples, which link volcanic and carbonate lithofacies to 90°-phase seismic amplitude events. Seismic-velocity effects permit the identification of subtle volcanic lithofacies changes such as low-velocity tuff bodies or high-velocity basalt intrusions. Also, frequency fusion expands seismic visualization of thick lithofacies bodies (e.g., basaltic dykes) to the 100-m range and seismic facies analysis helps understand interrelationships between the components in and adjacent to the volcanic body. Horizontal seismic slices reveal seismic geomorphology at multiple stages of volcanic activity. This investigation reveals three major seismic facies systems (1) a magma-feeder (i.e., plumbing) intrusive system beneath the volcano, including deep faults, dykes and sills, and remnant radial/concentric fault systems; (2) a large (4000–5000 m diameter) volcanic complex consisting of a deep crater (300-m negative feature below the paleo-sea floor), a large mound (200-m positive feature above the paleo-sea floor), multiple secondary craters filled predominantly with tuffs and less common lava flows; and (3) penecontemporaneous carbonate systems including fringing and mound-top shoals and reefs, lagoon and debris fan aprons at the base of the volcanic mounds. The fringing and mound top carbonate systems were probably in water depths less than 20 m whereas for the fan-apron carbonates, water depths are estimated to be about 140–200 m. These carbonate bodies can form hydrocarbon reservoirs.

Investigation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the elements of the multidimensional seismic streamer research system

Seismic methods are one of the main sources of information about the deep structure of the earth's crust covered with water. A promising area of application remains the study of the geological structure of water areas, including for determining the location of deposits of oil, gas and other minerals. Despite the leading positions of the Russian Federation in the world in the extraction of oil and gas from the sea shelves, the technical re-equipment of the seismic survey fleet is carried out slowly and at the expense of the secondary market. In this paper, some issues of designing seismic streamers are considered. The object of research is seismic streamers, consisting of geophones connected in series by sections into one or more lines (streamers). For a more detailed study of geological objects and tracking the parameters of the wave field in the process of field development, multidimensional (three-dimensional) seismic survey is relevant, carried out by a seismic streamer, consisting of many streamers spaced both in depth and in width. In this case, contact between neighboring braids is not allowed. This paper presents the results of calculations of hydrodynamic forces that arise when towing elements of the diversion system of a multidimensional seismic streamer. A method for implementing a multidimensional seismic streamer using hydrodynamic diverters is considered. The value of the required area of the bearing surface of the diverter is determined. Assumptions are made to improve the system.

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICAL CALIBRATION METHOD OF TRIAXIAL DIGITAL ACCELEROMETER ADXL345 AS EARTHQUAKES SENSOR

Seismic monitoring networks are the crucial elements in strong motion seismology for effective risk reduction. Low scale lateral variation of high intensity ground movement caused by earthquakes will be detected more effectively with densely located networks. However, the limitations of developing such project are rooted in expensive costs associated with the construction and installation in addition to bulky size of the conventional seismic observation system. Recently, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) has being recognized in the applications of seismological and earthquake engineering due to the high precision obtained in these micron size semiconductor instruments and cheaper alternative for traditional seismic detector. ADXL345 is a type of digital triaxial MEMS accelerometer that is ideal for measurement of low-frequency vibrations and static accelerations of gravity, which makes it suitable for ground motion detection. Thus, this study aims at calibrating ADXL345 sensor that is required as sensing component in an affordable earthquake monitoring system with the Earthquake Benchmarking System (Penanda Aras Gempa Bumi, PAG) available in the inventory of Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Sabah. Soil vibrations in EW (east-west or x-axis), NS (north-south or y-axis), and UD (up-down or z-axis) directions during random forces hit on the surface are recorded by both accelerometers. Acceleration magnitudes recorded by PAG and ADXL345 are extracted and data exploration is performed. Predominantly, ADXL345 measurements in horizontal and vertical ground movements are on a higher scale than the reference device. Subsequently, evaluation by using descriptive statistical analysis is chosen to produce numerical equations for data correction operations. İmplementation of the mathematical functions in ADXL345 for observing land movements in EW, NS, and UD directions resulted in decreasing the range values of output readings. Higher approximation of magnitudes of ground motion with the PAG system is achieved.

Key Factors that Affect the Behavior of Steel Beams and Columns in Special Moment Frames

Steel Special Moment Frames (SMFs) are favored seismic force-resisting systems due to their architectural flexibility and high ductility. While shallow columns (section depth less than 356 mm) were commonly used in these systems before the Northridge earthquake, deeper columns (section depth greater than 356 mm) have become more popular in recent years to meet code-enforced story drift requirements economically. However, limited research exists on the hinging behavior of deep columns under axial compression and cyclic drift. Since deep columns exhibit larger slenderness ratios and are more susceptible to local and global buckling, understanding their behavior is crucial. This study investigates the behavior of fifteen four-story steel SMFs using finite element program simulations, focusing on four key factors affecting frame behavior: 1) Column bracing, 2) Beam bracing, 3) Column stiffening, and 4) Strong Column Weak Beam (SCWB) ratio. The influence of axial force level and column section properties is also examined. Results demonstrate that deep columns may experience local and/or global instabilities at relatively low story drift levels. Findings suggest that SMF performance can be enhanced by bracing deep columns at the top and bottom levels of beam flanges and adding stiffeners to the columns' web. Controlling column shortening by increasing the SCWB ratio is also recommended.

Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of Seismic Bracing in Important Buildings

Important buildings, such as hospitals and nuclear power facilities, must have basically intact pipe systems to function effectively after an earthquake. To study the seismic fragility and failure mechanisms of different typical seismic bracing system types, this paper conducts a comprehensive series of 34 monotonic and cyclic loading tests on four distinct configurations of seismic bracing. The bearing capacity performance and ductility of the components are evaluated thoroughly by using the area (energy) corresponding to the yield displacement, peak force corresponding displacement, and ultimate displacement of the force–displacement curve in the cyclic loading test. Ultimately, the results comprehensively assess the performance of various test specimens, offering suggestions to address the identified issues.

Influence of outrigger truss system on the seismic fragility of super high-rise braced mega frame-core tube structure

The braced mega frame-core tube (BMFCT) structure is an efficient seismic structural system for super high-rise buildings of over 500 m high. The outrigger truss (OT) system has become a commonly adopted design option for the super high-rise BMFCT structure, however, its influence on the seismic performance is not clear. In this study, the seismic responses and collapse risks of the 590-m-high BMFCT structures with and without OT system were analyzed. An efficient elasto-plastic modeling method was introduced to establish the accurate FE models. Based on the incremental dynamic analysis-based (IDA) fragility analysis, the deformation responses, energy dissipations, collapse risks and collapse resistance capacities, etc. were researched. The results indicate the average top displacements under earthquakes of ‘one-degree-higher’ rare intensities are reduced by the OT from 1286.51 mm to 1348.31 mm by 4.6%. The OT system can effectively limit the story drift ratios of the BMFCT under earthquakes with the lower intensity. With the increasing seismic intensity, the OT presents an unfavorable effect on the lateral deformations. The OT system increases the proportion of damping energy dissipation from 68.28% to 70.24%, and decreases that of plastic deformation energy dissipation from 20.74% to 20.12%, both by less than 2%. The OT system causes the slope of IDA curves to rise first and then fall, which is the opposite of that without OT. The OT system is detrimental to the structural collapse resistance capacity, reducing the collapse margin ratio from 8.46 to 7.41 by about 14%. The OT's function can effectively reduce the cross-sectional dimensions of main components and ensure the architectural functionality and view-transparency. In the seismic design of BMFCT structures, the OT system should be given more attention, especially in the earthquakes stronger than rare intensity, and recommended to be designed to meet the basic structural stiffness requirement and not to provide excessive lateral stiffness resistance.

A numerical study on the seismic design of buildings seated over an RSM layer

In recent years, there has been a significant effort to create innovative and affordable seismic protection systems that can be widely used in developing regions. Traditional isolators are often heavy and expensive, which restricts their application in residential buildings. To address this challenge, low-cost and low-tech approaches are being explored, such as the incorporation of rubber into the soil beneath a building’s foundation. This approach aims to dampen part of the seismic energy before it reaches the superstructure. This paper investigates the use of rubber-sand mixture (RSM) as a foundation layer to improve the seismic performance of structures. The effects of varying RSM dimensions on the footing acceleration response, structural weight, and base shear forces of a prototype five-story building are analyzed by numerical simulations. Results show that increasing the depth of the RSM layer and RSM content can significantly reduce the acceleration response, particularly for low-rise buildings with natural periods less than 0.3 s. Thicker RSM layers are found to be more effective in reducing input acceleration than wider layers, although such effect declines as the depth ratio exceeds 0.25. Furthermore, incorporating RSM as a base isolator can lead to a considerable reduction in both the maximum base shear force and structural weight, with up to 30% reduction achieved with RSM 35%. This study suggests that RSM has potential as a cost-effective and efficient solution for improving the seismic performance of low-to-mid-rise structures, and the effect of the depth of RSM layer and RSM content should be carefully considered for optimal design.

Limit state design of resilient earthquake-resisting systems

Sustainable seismic design (SSD) is the first step towards next-generation earthquake engineering. SSD of mixed multiple seismic systems (MMSSs), in which more than one earthquake-resisting structure is used, is a challenging structural engineering issue. Seismic sustainability implies survivability during and after an earthquake, preceded by post-earthquake realignment and repairs (PERR). Purpose-specific MMSSs are ideally suited for SSD. However, contemporary codes address neither the sequences nor the failure mechanisms of the earthquake-resisting structures of MMSSs. The difference between conventional design and SSD is their approach to expected behaviour during and after an earthquake. Earthquakes are natural and dynamic occurrences, whereas PERR is a manual and static process. SSD does not favour unreal detailing or oversimplifying assumptions; it is a multi-faceted effort that involves realistic structural analysis and planned manual operations. In this context, design implies operability with a view to PERR and requires a change from damageability assessment and performance-based seismic design to performance control and reparability-based design, including the development of new analytic tools and purpose-specific details. This article presents graphical solutions and theoretical principles to help achieve practical SSD for MMSSs. These new techniques may be used for practical reliability, economy and environmental protection.

Arrival-time detection with histogram distance for acoustic emission signals

Arrival-time picking is a fundamental step in time-of-arrival (TOA)-based localisation in current and future acoustic emission (AE), microseismic and seismic localisation systems. The accurate detection of TOA is of great importance for high localisation accuracy. This work presents a histogram distance-based method for TOA detection of elastic wave signals. The authors treat an original elastic waveform that includes the arrival as two different locally stationary segments, namely the intervals following and preceding arrival. To determine the optimal separation of these two stationary segments, ie the arrival time, histograms of these intervals are calculated and a measure of the distance between them modified from the Bhattacharyya coefficient is proposed. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using TOA picking for AE. The method is shown to provide accurate and robust picks on AE signals under various signal-to-noise ratios. To evaluate the adaptability of the method to other TOA picking scenarios, it is applied to detect the seismic P-phase. The detection accuracy is adequate and errors are constrained to within a few seconds. Factors that influence the detection accuracy are discussed. The results suggest that the proposed method has the potential to detect TOA in various fields.

Analysis of a Potential Correlation between Seismicity and Production in Kiruna Mine on a Mine-wide and an Extraction Block Scale

The creation of cavities in the underground results in stress redistributions and energy changes in the rock mass. Zones with increased stresses and zones with lower stresses develop. The energy changes manifest themselves amongst others in changes in potential energy, absorption of energy in the formation of fracture zones, and release of energy such as seismic energy. To prevent damage to infrastructure and personnel, it is important to understand the mechanisms of energy changes as a result of mining. As far as seismic energy release is concerned, it is important to understand to relationship between large scale mineral extraction and mining induced seismicity. One coarse way to do this is to correlate for specific areas the cumulated tons of mined rock multiplied by the depth of extraction and multiplied by the gravitational acceleration to get the unit of energy, which is a rough assessment of the mining-induced energy changes, with the cumulated released seismic energy, which is derived from the seismic monitoring system. This correlation is studied for Kiruna Mine on a mine-wide scale and on an extraction block scale for the years 2014 to 2020. The results show that there is a reasonable correlation between the mining-induced energy changes and the seismic energy release not only on a mine-wide scale but also on an extraction block scale. Periods of decreased seismic energy release are followed either by a period of increased seismic activity or by one or a series of large seismic event. Accordingly, periods of decreased seismic activity can be considered as an indicator for a likely increase in future seismic activities. More detailed investigations should be made to find out the cause for the lack of energy release. A disadvantage of this method is that it does not reveal the exact area and reason for the decrease in seismicity. Therefore, additional rock mechanics analysis is needed to understand the background of the change in energy release.

Seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings with considering classifications of primary and secondary members according to tcvn 9386:2012

When designing seismic resistance for reinforced concrete buildings with medium ductility class (DCM) according to TCVN 9386:2012 the load bearing structures are to be designed to meet the required ductilities. The design of ductile members is quite complicated [2] and the amount of reinforcement provided for seismic members is considerable. Even so, TCVN 9386:2012 also allows to ignore the contribution of some members to the global seismic load-bearing structural system (that are secondary seismic members) when the remaining members (primary seismic members) are sufficient to ensure the safety and stability of the building. This paper presents some basic principles of the selection, the modeling methods and the design principles of primary and secondary seismic members in reinforced concrete buildings.

Design of Visual Seismic Monitoring and Warning System Based on Zabbix

With build a modern comprehensive seismic monitoring system in Shanghai as the research background, this paper used Grafana design to monitor alarm development. It based on Zabbix open-source system. The visual seismic monitoring and warning system is designed. System can send group call, WeCom and SMS alarm to the operation and maintenance personnel when the fault occurs. It provided detailed fault data. The system improved the capability of business system fault response and handling. It provided an important guarantee for the emergency command, seismometric operation and service period operation of Shanghai Seismic Agency.

New insights into the stratigraphic evolution of SW Britain: implications for Triassic salt and hydrocarbon prospectivity

The discovery of Wytch Farm field in the Wessex Basin, and Kinsale Head field in the North Celtic Sea Basin in the early 1970s, led to exploration interest offshore in the Western Approaches Trough. Despite this activity, little evidence for prospective hydrocarbon resources has been found. To better understand the failures and analyse remaining hydrocarbon potential in this region, we make use of a large collection of new seismic reflection and well data to map Carboniferous to Neogene stratigraphy. The improved seismic imaging has allowed a better interpretation of the hitherto poorly understood, salt-related structures in the South Melville and the Plymouth Bay basins. The implications of the new interpretations for Carnian (Late Triassic), and Carboniferous stratigraphic and geodynamic evolution are assessed and contextualised with regional salt deposition in the Wessex, Bristol, and South Celtic Sea basins. From a petroleum system perspective, the Lias and Carboniferous source rocks are evaluated and modelled to analyse the maturity and evolution of the petroleum systems. We conclude that the Lias is an ineffective petroleum system due to timing and source maturation risk. However, the Triassic salt and associated subcropping faults have produced several possible pre-salt hydrocarbon traps. The traps may be charged from sporadic Mid-Late Carboniferous coal-bearing post-orogenic basins, a petroleum system previously overlooked. Thematic collection: This article is part of the New learning from exploration and development in the UKCS Atlantic Margin collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/new-learning-from-exploration-and-development-in-the-ukcs-atlantic-margin Supplementary material: Appendix showing seismic, well data and petroleum systems boundary conditions. Burial history plots of the petroleum systems modelling scenarios used to generate source rock transformation ratio plots shown in Figures 9 & 10 are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6486999

Plastic design of sustainable steel earthquake resistant structures

Earthquakes induce ultimate load conditions in most earthquake resistant structures and often lead to complete failure and disposal. Seismic sustainability is a limit state condition with a view to revival, reuse, and environmental protection. In the present context, sustainable seismic design implies planning for controlled energy dissipation, sequential failures, collapse prevention, construction economy and post-earthquake realignment and repairs. However, regardless of savings and environmental improvements unless an earthquake resistant structure is designed for the purpose, it would be disposable with greater monetary loss and harm to the environment. It has been found that steel mixed multiple seismic systems are well-suited for sustainable seismic design. Mixed multiple structures are combinations of two or more low/controlled damage ductile structures, an articulated gravity frame, a collapse preventive, hybrid, rigid rocking core, and a phantom P-delta system acting together to form a repairable archetype. Each earthquake resistant system is equipped with replaceable energy dissipating and fail-safe devices. Such arrangements call for applications of Plastic Design and Performance Control principles, rather than conventional methods of approach. This in turn calls for development of modern design rules, technologies and details that govern the behavior of such systems equipped with replaceable energy dissipating devices. In the interim several observations that reduce the task of otherwise cumbersome analysis to simple rules of response have been introduced.

Energy-based seismic design and assessment of ductile linked rocking steel frame

Ductile linked rocking steel frame (DLRF) is an innovative and efficient structural system that combines two gravity-controlled rocking steel braced frames with corrugated steel plate links. DLRF is designed to dissipate input seismic energy through the uplifting and yielding of the rocking column base and yielding of the corrugated steel plate link. To ensure the DLRF can achieve superior seismic performance at various shaking intensities, the equivalent energy design procedure (EEDP) is adopted to design DLRF. In this paper, two prototype DLRF buildings (3 - and 6 - story) were designed using EEDP. Robust numerical models were established to verify the seismic performance of the DLRF. Nonlinear dynamic analyses confirm that the DLRF designed using EEDP can achieve the desired performance objectives at different levels of earthquake shaking intensities. In addition, the results of the incremental dynamic analyses show that DLRF has a sufficient safety margin against collapse. Hence, DLRF can be used as an alternative seismic force-resisting system.