Seismic-prone Regions Research Articles

Test-Based Assessment of the Seismic Response of Bracing Systems for Concealed Grid Suspended Ceilings

ABSTRACT Despite not directly contributing to a structure’s load-bearing capacity, non-structural elements like partitions, cladding, ceilings, floor finishes, and facades play a pivotal role in the overall building design and occupant safety. Their susceptibility to damage during seismic events, however, can lead to substantial economic losses, business interruptions, and potential risks to occupants. Focusing on concealed grid suspended ceiling systems, this study focuses on enhancing their seismic resilience introducing and experimentally evaluating two innovative bracing systems (Typology N and Typology W) that utilize steel members, already used in non-seismic application, as braces. Unlike prior research using shake tables, this study employs a specially designed set-up on a universal testing machine, offering a cost-effective and efficient approach for cyclic testing and considering the spatial variability of seismic loads. As a complementary task, component-level tests were conducted on the compressed strut to extend the results for suspended ceiling systems having suspension height up to 2 meters. The results show that Typology N performs better than Typology W, with 1.7 times greater resistance and 2.5 times greater stiffness on average, demonstrating the importance of considering different directions of horizontal seismic loading in the performance assessment. The study provides valuable insights, including design resistance values and a step-by-step procedure for determining the maximum ceiling area that a single bracing system can cover, aiding in optimizing bracing system selection and mitigating seismic vulnerability in concealed grid suspended ceilings for seismic-prone regions.

Android-based framework for condition assessment of existing RC hospital buildings

Rapid visual screening (RVS) is a practically viable tool implemented all over the world to rank structures based on their seismic vulnerability. Seismic assessment of hospital buildings is essential in seismic-prone regions to ensure their structural integrity and readiness to provide emergency care and medical treatment after significant seismic events. Therefore, in the current study, an approach is developed that is similar to the proven methodologies reported in the literature, for the seismic evaluation of structural and non-structural elements of hospital buildings in a metropolitan city like Karachi. Karachi is located in the southwest of Pakistan and is vulnerable to earthquake and tsunami hazards. To this end, an android-based RVS system has been developed for large-scale seismic risk mapping of hospital buildings. The proposed system acquires the physical status of the building features in real time and identifies the building performance obtained from the calculated seismic risk index. Moreover, three case study hospital buildings were employed and analysed through the proposed RVS system. Results illustrate the performance of case study hospital buildings at organisational, structural and non-structural levels based on seismic risk indices.

Analysis of Rayleigh wave dynamic response and propagation characteristics in layered site

Rayleigh waves are crucial in earthquake engineering due to their significant contribution to structural damage. This study aims to accurately synthesize Rayleigh wave fields in both uniform elastic half-spaces and horizontally layered elastic half-spaces. To achieve this, we developed a self-programmed FORTRAN program utilizing the thin layer stiffness matrix method. The accuracy of the synthesized wave fields was validated through numerical examples, demonstrating the program’s reliability for both homogeneous and layered half-space scenarios. A comprehensive analysis of Rayleigh wave propagation characteristics was conducted, including elliptical particle motion, depth-dependent decay, and energy concentration near the surface. The computational efficiency of the self-programmed FORTRAN program was also verified. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Rayleigh wave behavior and lays the foundation for further studies on soil-structure interaction under Rayleigh wave excitation, ultimately improving the safety and resilience of structures in seismic-prone regions.

Effect of geometry on the natural frequency and seismic response characteristics of slopes subjected to pulse-like ground motions

Near-fault regions are particularly vulnerable to seismic-induced landslides due to the intense energy pulses in near-fault ground motions (NFGMs). These pulses, shaped by terrain geometry and material properties, significantly influence seismic response and slope stability. This study investigates the impact of slope geometry on natural frequency and seismic response characteristics under both pulse-like ground motions (PLGMs) and non-pulse ground motions (non-PGMs). The results show that increasing slope height lowers natural frequency, making the slope more susceptible to resonance with seismic waves, thus amplifying ground motion and increasing instability. Similarly, steeper slopes also reduces the natural frequency, heightening instability by up to 0.17%. PLGMs generate seismic responses approximately 7% stronger than those induced by non-PLGMs. Furthermore, as the frequency of PLGMs rises, so does their destructive potential. Material analysis reveals that Rock Class A has a natural frequency 68% higher than Rock Class D, making it significantly resistant to seismic deformation. These insights are essential for designing more resilient slopes in seismic-prone regions.

Wavelet-based generation of fully non-stationary random processes with application to seismic ground motions

Assessing the performance of earthquake-resistant structural and geotechnical systems is crucial for achieving a desired reliability level and enhancing the resilience of the built environment in seismic-prone regions. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are widely used to quantify structural and geotechnical performance. Still, they require an accurate representation of nonlinear behaviours and proper modelling of the expected seismic events. Stochastic approaches are popular strategies for modelling dynamic actions to account for the uncertain nature of ground shaking. In this framework, joint time–frequency signal representations of seismic records are powerful tools to analyze signals’ time-varying amplitude and frequency content. This paper presents a new method for the stochastic generation of artificial accelerograms using the circular harmonic wavelet transform, which possesses joint time–frequency localization capabilities and offers the engineers a clear and transparent interpretation of the results. The proposed approach adopts a new exponential auto-correlation structure for generating the random phases in the “child (generated) signals” starting from the deterministic ones in the “parent record”. The effects of the correlation structure and different subdivisions of earthquake records in frequency bands are investigated and discussed, leading to practical considerations for identifying an effective trade-off between localization in time and frequency domains. The method can be used for seismic assessment and design purposes, and numerical applications illustrate its potency.

Numeričko modeliranje reprofiliranja sljubnica ziđa: analiza konačnih elemenata temeljena na eksperimentalnim istraživanjima

This study investigated the efficacy of joint repointing as a strengthening technique for unreinforced masonry (URM) structures via experimental data combined with advanced numerical modelling. The numerical simulations demonstrated remarkable alignment with the experimental data, validating the efficacy of the proposed modelling approach. The finite element analysis results were consistent with the experimentally observed stress–strain relationships, failure modes, and ultimate capacities of the masonry panels. The calibrated model successfully replicated the enhanced performance of the strengthened specimens, particularly in terms of increased compressive and shear strengths. Although parametric studies were not performed directly in this study, the validated numerical model provides a solid foundation for future investigations. The accurate reproduction of experimental results through finite element modelling facilitates the potential for extensive parametric analyses, which could explore various strengthening configurations and material properties without the need for costly and time-consuming physical experiments—particularly valuable for assessing and optimising retrofitting strategies for existing URM buildings, particularly in seismic-prone regions. This research contributes significantly to the field of structural engineering by demonstrating the potential of simplified micromodelling techniques to capture the intricacies of masonry behaviour at the meso-level.

Seismic performance of a novel concrete-filled steel tube column to continuous reinforced concrete beam joint with multiple openings in the core region

This study developed a novel concrete-filled steel tube column to continuous reinforced concrete beam joint with multiple openings in the core region, aiming to eliminate field welding and improve construction efficiency. To evaluate the seismic performance of the joint, six full-scale specimens were tested under cyclic loading, which and a series of numerical simulations were implemented upon refined models. The effects of reinforcement ratio, steel tube thickness, and concrete strength on the failure mode and the mechanical performance degradation of the joint were quantitively evaluated. The results indicated that depending on the beam-column flexural capacity ratio, three typical failure modes, i.e., compression bending failure at the column end, shear failure at the joint core region, and flexural failure at the beam plastic hinge region, were observed. Among them, the flexural failure-dominated joint possessed the best energy dissipation capacity and a high ductility coefficient greater than 3.72. Moreover, increasing the thickness of steel tube within the core region can effectively compensate for the reduction of seismic performance caused by multiple openings, and a preliminary value of at least 2.5 times the thickness of column steel tube is recommended. This novel joint configuration exemplifies a balance between structural integrity, construction efficiency, and mechanical performance, rendering it a feasible alternative for frame structure in seismic-prone regions.

Response of group piles subjected to coupled vertical-eccentric lateral-seismic loads

In seismic prone regions, analyzing loaded pile groups can be challenging because of limitations in conventional design methods and the inability of small-scale laboratory tests to accurately replicate the real behavior. Studying how pile group response is affected by the combined impact of vertical, concentric, and seismic loads is challenging. One of the limitations pertains to the intricacy of scaling up experiments, particularly in creating large-scale laboratory models. Thus, a numerical analysis may be appropriate for capturing the response. This study aimed to understand the pile group response in dense sand subjected to vertical, eccentric lateral, and seismic loadings via a large-scale 3D nonlinear finite element model. The validation results indicate that the numerical approach accurately predicts the behavior of pile groups in dense sand. Then, two different layouts of pile groups are analyzed under various loading scenarios on the basis of the recorded data from the El Centro earthquake. The results revealed that the number and arrangement of piles significantly affect the induced settlement. Compared with the 5-pile groups, the 3-pile groups presented higher maximum bending moments under vertical loading. However, the response of the 5-pile groups varied, as they experienced higher bending moment values without vertical loading. The peak lateral soil pressures were higher in the 3-pile groups. Some significant variations appeared in the induced torque resistances when the 5-pile groups were compared with the 3-pile groups. This study demonstrated the reliability of the used numerical approach for analyzing the response of pile groups in dense sand, as an alternative to laboratory test models.

Sustainable and Collaborative Solutions for the Long-term Care of Heritage Earthen Sites in Seismic Areas in Peru

ABSTRACT The challenges posed by conserving historical earthen structures in seismic-prone regions prompted the initiation of the Seismic Retrofitting Project (SRP) by the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) and the Ministry of Culture of Peru. Since 2009, the SRP has aimed to enhance the structural performance and safety of historic earthen buildings while preserving their historical fabric by combining traditional techniques, local materials, and technical expertise with advanced computational tools. The project has focused on four Peruvian earthen buildings as case studies, including the seventeenth-century adobe church of Kuñotambo. An intervention was carried out between 2016 and 2019 by the regional branch of the Ministry of Culture in Cusco based on techniques developed by the SRP. The GCI is now working on a monitoring and maintenance plan for the site, collaborating with local stakeholders, including the Ministry of Culture of Peru in Cusco, the Archdiocese of Cusco, and the community of Kuñotambo. This paper primarily discusses the practical aspects of on-site monitoring, including the tools and techniques used to track changes in the building and its decorated surfaces. It also outlines the implementation of a structural health monitoring system and the development of capacity-building activities for Latin American engineers. The overarching goal is to provide a sustainable framework for the long-term preservation of historic earthen structures in seismic-prone regions, highlighting the importance of community involvement and multidisciplinary collaboration.

Seismic Performance of Corroded ECC-GFRP Spiral-Confined Reinforced-Concrete Column.

Preventing corrosion in the steel reinforcement of concrete structures is crucial for maintaining structural integrity and load-bearing capacity as it directly impacts the safety and lifespan of concrete structures. By preventing rebar corrosion, the durability and seismic performance of the structures can be significantly enhanced. This study investigates the hysteresis behavior of both corroded and non-corroded engineered cementitious composite (ECC)-glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) spiral-confined reinforced-concrete (RC) columns. Employing experimental methods and finite element analysis, this research explores key seismic parameters such as crack patterns, failure modes, hysteretic responses, load-bearing capacities, ductility, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation. The results demonstrate that ECC-GFRP spiral-confined RC columns, compared to traditional RC columns, show reduced corrosion rates, smaller crack widths, and fewer corrosion products, indicating superior crack control and corrosion resistance. Hysteresis tests revealed that ECC-GFRP columns, at a 20% target corrosion rate, exhibit an enhanced load-bearing capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation, suggesting improved durability and seismic resilience. Parametric and sensitivity analyses confirm the finite element model's accuracy and highlight the significant influence of concrete compressive strength on load-bearing capacity. The findings suggest that ECC-GFRP spiral-confined RC columns offer promising applications in coastal and seismic-prone regions, enhancing corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, thus potentially reducing formwork costs and improving construction quality and efficiency.

Sustainable local seismic culture in vernacular buildings of the Indian Himalayas: Field observations, knowledge dissemination, and recommendations

Vernacular buildings are the classic examples of sociocultural development, centuries of experience, and empirical knowledge gained from past earthquakes to construct climate-cum-earthquake resistant indigenous buildings in seismic-prone regions across the globe. Vernacular buildings are constructed using re-usable or re-cyclable materials with a low carbon footprint and are thus sustainable, and these buildings also follow local seismic culture in their building attributes. Elaborate field investigations are conducted in the Indian Himalayas to investigate the local seismic culture in prevalent vernacular building systems, namely, Kath-Kunni, Thathara, Taq, Dhajji-Dewari, Ikra, and Rammed-earth. Based on field observations, these building systems are rated to understand their relative merits/de-merits for earthquake-resiliency and construction sustainability attributes. Simple, ready-to-use sketches are developed to disseminate the construction process of vernacular buildings. Further, recommendations are made to overcome deficits and promote vernacular buildings for earthquake-resilient sustainable development in the Indian Himalayas.

Structural response of half-scale pumice concrete masonry building: shake table/ambient vibration tests and FE analysis

Seismic performance evaluation of masonry structures is of paramount importance for ensuring the safety and resilience of buildings in earthquake-prone regions. There are limited number of studies on pumice elements in the literature. In addition, there are almost no studies investigating the earthquake behavior of pumice masonry building as a whole structure. In this context, a comprehensive understanding of their seismic response and dynamic characteristics has been lacking. To address this knowledge gap, a shake-table experimental campaign was undertaken, wherein half-scale pumice masonry building was exposed to simulated seismic forces. To enhance the experimental findings, numerical simulations were performed to confirm and expand our comprehension of how the pumice masonry structure responds to dynamic forces. Integrating both experimental and numerical outcomes provides a holistic understanding of how pumice masonry buildings behave during seismic events. At the end of the experimental study, the frequency values of the pumice model were observed to decrease up to 23.5% in the modes compared to the undamaged state. In the numerical model, this value decreases up to 19.85%. For the undamaged and damaged model, the first three experimental mode shapes were similar to the numerical mode shapes. Both experimental and numerical results show that the expected damages occur in the same regions. These results show that nonlinear FE models can be helpful in determining potential damage model locations. The findings have implications for the seismic design and retrofitting of similar traditional masonry buildings, facilitating the development of resilient and sustainable engineering solutions in seismic-prone regions.

Seismic and Wind Resillence Study of a 15 Story High-Rise Building with Floating Columns in Seismic Zones II & V

The use of floating columns in the construction of high-rise buildings, specifically in the context of G+15 structures in metropolitan cities, as per Indian standards. The structural design of a building is crucial for its durability, strength, stability, and lifespan. Floating columns play a significant role in transferring loads from the floors to the beams, affecting the overall stability of the building.Several factors impact the structural design, including bending moments, shear forces, torsion, and deflection. Due to the growing population in metropolitan areas, there is a need for high-rise buildings that can accommodate both commercial and residential spaces on a single platform. Commercial and residential floors have different load requirements. Therefore, floating columns are specifically used for residential floors to address these varying load demands. The structural analysis considers seismic and wind forces as per Indian standards (IS 1893-2016 for seismic analysis and IS 875-2015 for wind analysis) for different seismic zones (Zone- Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ). The materials used in the construction include concrete with a grade of M40 and steel with a grade of Fe550. These material grades are commonly used in construction for their respective strength properties. The floor height for residential floors is 3 meters, while commercial floors have a height of 4 meters. This distinction in floor height is considered in the structural design. The design of high-rise buildings, especially in seismic-prone regions, requires a thorough understanding of structural engineering principles and adherence to local building codes and standards to ensure the safety and stability of the structure. The use of floating columns can be a part of a structural design strategy to address varying load requirements in different parts of the building.Safety is paramount in the design and construction of high-rise buildings, particularly in areas susceptible to seismic activity and strong winds.

A modified truss-arch model for shear strength evaluation of corroded reinforced concrete columns

Under seismic loading, corroded reinforced concrete (RC) columns are prone to brittle shear failure, which poses a significant threat to existing structures. However, due to the mechanical defects and insufficient parameters included in the equations available in codes, the literature exhibits a lack of precision in predicting the shear strength of such columns. In this paper, a shear strength equation for the RC column was established based on the truss-arch model theory. On this basis, the effect of corrosion on key parameters such as the cross-sectional area of rebar, yield strength, compressive strength of concrete, and displacement ductility was fully considered to establish the shear strength equation of corroded RC columns. To assess the accuracy and applicability of the proposed equation, a database consisting of 215 specimen parameters was compiled. Comparative analyses were conducted with existing equations from the literature. The results indicate that the mean values and coefficient of variation for the ratio of calculated values to the tested values of the equation were 1.098 and 0.601, respectively, which proves the equation’s high computational accuracy and low dispersion. Consequently, the proposed equation offers a more effective calculation method for predicting and assessing the shear strength of corroded RC columns. This method holds significant potential for enhancing the resilience of structures in seismic-prone regions.

Enhancing Seismic Performance: A Comprehensive Study on Masonry and Reinforced Concrete Structures Considering Soil Properties and Environmental Impact Assessment

Approximately 20,000 people are killed annually on average by building and infrastructure collapses and failures caused by seismic activities. In earlier times, seismic design codes and specifications set minimal requirements for life safety performance levels. Earthquakes can be thought of as recurring events in seismically active areas, with severity states ranging from serviceability to ultimate levels. Buildings designed in accordance with site-specific response spectra, which take into account soil properties based on ground motion amplification data, are better at withstanding such forces and serving their design purposes. This study aims to investigate the site response of reinforced and masonry buildings, considering the effect of soil properties based on the amplification of ground motion data, and to compare the life cycle assessment of the buildings under consideration based on the design and the site-specific response spectrum. In terms of soil properties and site-specific response spectra, STRATA is used to determine the site-specific response for the considered locations for a return period of 475 years for 100 realizations based on the randomization of site properties. For structural analysis, AxisVM software, which is a compatible finite element analysis, is used for building design and analysis, generating comparative results based on the design- and site-specific spectra. To determine and identify potential failures in the model, response spectra were applied to understand the difference in horizontal deflection in two different instances (for elastic design- and site-specific spectra). After building design and analysis is performed, a life cycle analysis in terms of environmental impact assesments using OpenLCA and IdematLightLCA is done. This is done to ascertain the additional expenses in terms of ecocosts and carbon footprints on some failed elements in the structure which are required to make the buildings more resilient when the site-specific response spectrum is applied and to compare the potential economic losses that may occur based on ecological costs. The study presents a comprehensive investigation into the seismic response of masonry and reinforced concrete buildings in Győr, Hungary, incorporating advanced geophysical techniques like multichannel surface wave (MASW) and structural analysis software, AxisVM. Additionally, tailored retrofitting strategies are explored to enhance structural resilience in seismic-prone regions. Significant ground amplifications in soil properties across different profiles are revealed, emphasizing the effectiveness of these strategies in reducing structural deflection and improving resilience. Highlights of the results are observed where the site-specific response spectra are higher than the EC8 design response spectrum. Furthermore, the research underscores the substantial environmental impact, considering both ecocosts and CO2 emissions associated with retrofitting measures, highlighting the importance of sustainable structural interventions in mitigating seismic risks.

Effect of Soil-Structure Interaction on the Response of Machine Foundation Subjected to Seismic Loading: A Review Study

This review provides a detailed look at the current knowledge and approaches related to Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (DSSI) in machine foundation design, focusing on its substantial impact on seismic response and structural stability. The significance of this interaction in structural design, especially in areas prone to seismic activity, is pivotal. The paper begins by exploring various modeling methods, like the Finite Element Method (FEM), highlighting their importance in understanding the intricate aspects of DSSI, such as energy loss and interface behavior. It is evident from the studies that FEM is particularly effective in analyzing settlement under reciprocating loads. Soil-structure interaction (SSI) is a complex phenomenon that can positively and negatively affect the seismic performance of machine foundations. Several factors, including embedment depth, soil stiffness, and foundation properties, govern the influence of SSI. This review discusses the dual nature of SSI and highlights the importance of considering the interaction between soil properties, foundation design, seismic loads, and interaction effects. In addition, it identifies the limitations of the current research and advocates for more accurate and inclusive models and extensive empirical studies to address real-world complexities and uncertainties. In conclusion, this review offers crucial insights and foundational knowledge for future innovative design solutions and advanced research methodologies and significantly contributes to developing resilient and reliable structural designs in seismic-prone regions. The emphasis is on the need for more nuanced and comprehensive studies to further the understanding and application of DSSI in machine foundation design.

Exploring Shear Wave Velocity—NSPT Correlations for Geotechnical Site Characterization: A Review

Shear wave velocity (Vs) is a critical parameter in geophysical investigations, micro-zonation research, and site classification. In instances where conducting direct tests at specific locations is challenging due to equipment unavailability, limited space, or initial instrumentation costs, it becomes essential to estimate Vs directly, using empirical correlations for effective site characterization. The present review paper explores the correlations of Vs with the standard penetration test (SPT) for geotechnical site characterization. Vs, a critical parameter in geotechnical and seismic engineering, is integral to a wide range of projects, including foundation design and seismic hazard assessment. The current paper provides a detailed analysis of the key findings, implications for geotechnical engineering practice, and future research needs in this area. It emphasizes the importance of site-specific calibration, the impact of geological background, depth-dependent behavior, data quality control, and the integration of Vs data with other geophysical methods. The review underlines the continuous monitoring of Vs values due to potential changes over time. Addressing these insights and gaps in research contributes to the accuracy and safety of geotechnical projects, particularly in seismic-prone regions.

Literature review on aftershock and earthquake prediction models aided by NLP summarization and ontology extraction techniques

The field of aftershock prediction has evolved over the years, transitioning from traditional statistical models to more advanced machine learning and deep learning methodologies. The USGS relies on the Reasenberg and Jones (1989, 1994) statistical model which subsequent researchers have refined to adapt to various tectonic regimes globally. Meanwhile, DeVries et al. (2018) explored the potential of Deep Learning in predicting aftershock locations, albeit facing critique for potentially over-complicating the issue. Other researchers have applied machine learning algorithms, such as in predicting aftershock patterns following the Kermanshah Earthquake in Iran, demonstrating the capability of machine learning to outperform traditional Coulomb maps. The dynamic discourse among these varying methodologies highlights the ongoing efforts to improve aftershock prediction, aiming at better preparedness and response strategies in seismic-prone regions.

Investigation of torsion in confined masonry structures originating due to unsymmetric openings

A detailed comparative study was carried out to investigate the impact of unsymmetric openings on the torsional resistance of confined masonry rooms constructed in highly seismic-prone regions. To investigate in detail, an experimental and numerical investigation was carried out. Confined masonry wall panels with and without openings were experimentally tested to study the reduction in stiffness/lateral load-carrying capacity of walls due to the provision of openings. Further, a three-dimensional masonry room was tested experimentally to determine the torsion induced due to openings in confined masonry rooms. It was observed that on the provision of unsymmetric openings in confined masonry rooms, torsion was observed causing a reduction in the load-carrying capacity. The same was also confirmed using numerical simulation where it was revealed that on the provision of unsymmetric openings, 10% reduction in lateral load carrying capacity was observed in the confined masonry rooms as compared to the room with symmetric openings. Similarly, a lesser difference (0.1 mm) in the displacements between two corners of the wall opposite to the applied load was observed in the case of the confined masonry room having symmetrical openings on opposite sides. Therefore, it might be concluded that in highly seismic-prone regions, the provision of symmetric openings or utilizing other means of manipulating in-plane wall stiffness should be considered to reduce the impact of torsion.

Load–Displacement Behaviour and a Parametric Study of Hybrid Rubberised Concrete Double-Skin Tubular Columns

Rubberised concrete has emerged as a material of interest to the research community with the mission of creating sustainable structural members and decreasing the burden of waste tyre rubber. The potential benefits of replacing natural aggregates with rubber particles to obtain greater energy absorption and ductility are proven in the literature. To negate the reduction in capacity due to the addition of rubber particles, single- and double-skin confinements were proposed and successfully tested by researchers. Hybrid rubberised double-skin tubular columns (RuDSTCs) were recently trialled and tested by the authors. Each of these hybrid RuDSTCs had a filament-wound carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) outer tube and an inner steel tube with rubberised concrete as the sandwich material between the two tubes. To explore the axial behaviour of such a column, this paper develops a finite element modelling strategy and carries out a comprehensive parametric study of the hybrid RuDSTC with 0%, 15%, and 30% combined aggregates replaced with rubber particles. This methodology is validated by experimental results, and a good agreement is found. Hybrid RuDSTC models are developed in four groups with different material and geometric parameters, in addition to those corresponding to the experimentally tested column, to explore the effects of the thickness ratio, hollow ratio, steel tube yield strength, and CFRP tube diameter with a special focus on the transition of the characteristic bilinear stress–strain curve of the hybrid RuDSTCs. The results show the smooth transition of the stress–strain curve with increasing rubber content after the yielding of steel, which indicates better ductility of the rubberised columns. The novel hybrid RuDSTCs can provide a promising sustainable solution with greater capacity compared with their unconfined counterparts. Better strain and enhanced ductility of the hybrid RuDSTCs compared with non-rubberized hybrid DSTCs enable their use in seismic-prone regions and mining infrastructure.