Seeking Motivation Research Articles

Psychosocial Responses to Healthcare: A Study on Asylum-Seeking Families' Experiences in Denmark.

Much work has gone into unpacking the range of individual, interpersonal and structural barriers that prevent asylum-seekers from accessing healthcare. In this Brief Communication, we disentangle asylum-seeking families' psychosocial responses when accessing healthcare as crucial dimensions of the access experience. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 11 asylum-seeking families in Denmark, we present examples from three specific healthcare encounters between families and healthcare professionals in the Danish asylum system. We demonstrate how unfamiliarity with the healthcare system, interpersonal miscommunication and cultural insensitivity among professionals evoke specific emotions that undermine participants' trust in the healthcare system and affect their future motivation for healthcare seeking and ultimately also their healthcare seeking behavior. We argue for an urgent need to recognize the pivotal role of such psychosocial responses in shaping healthcare access for asylum-seeking families. Focusing on these responses is an important next step in overcoming barriers in access to healthcare, which have been described in literature for years.

Cannabidiol enhanced the development of sensitization to the expression of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in male rats

Cannabis and ecstasy are illicit substances, and currently, there are no approved treatments for methamphetamine (METH) use disorder. Some studies have proposed that cannabidiol (CBD) decreases the motivation for METH seeking, but reports indicate that the therapeutic benefits are only for heroin. Here, we studied the interaction between CBD and METH during the sensitization phase on the rewarding effect of METH, using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm to measure possible alterations in sensitivity. Our data showed that i. p. injection of METH created METH-induced CPP at two of the highest applied doses (1 and 2 mg/kg), and injection of METH during the sensitization period caused an establishment of METH-induced CPP at lower doses (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg). Data also revealed that i. c.v. administration of CBD during the sensitization phase, shifted the establishment of METH-induced CPP toward a lower dose (0.5 mg/kg). Concurrent administration of CBD (10 μg/5 μl, i. c.v.) and METH (0.25 mg/kg, i. p.) during sensitization phase established METH-induced CPP with sub-threshold doses of METH (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg). Our results suggest the involvement of CBD and prior exposure to METH in creating sensitization to METH CPP.

Financial crisis of 2008 and outward foreign investments from China and India

We show that outward investment by Chinese firms with resource and asset seeking motives and Indian firms with market-seeking motives diverged after the financial crisis of 2008, due to different motives and the underlying financing structure of their outward investments. Indian firms faced export market contraction externally and cut back on outward investments as sales revenues shrank. In contrast, Chinese firms that relied on debt finance to seek out international assets expanded investment as investment targets became cheaper and the reliance on leverage inured Chinese firms to the fluctuations of stock markets and other financial implications of the crisis.

ШЕВЧЕНКОВА СПАДЩИНА В УМОВАХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

The article deals with the topical problem of using Shevchenko’s heritage in the context of novel hybrid war challenges during studying of the Ukrainian language and literature at Bohun Kyiv military lyceum. The innovative research includes the hottest educational problems of the given target audience, including humanistic and cultural consciousness of teenagers. Unveiling the potential of an inherited language program based on Shevchenko’s heritage gives the novel possibility to form and learn patriotic citizens. It is shown that forming of lyceum student’s thinking is tightly connected with assimilation of lexicon in particular of the Shevchenko’s subject matter. The main problems of humanitarian aspect of military education in a hybrid war environment are analyzed. The national verbal content and Shevchenko’s heritage in particular effectively help not only to defend, but to offense as well. The life and art heritage of Taras Shevchenko is the basis for offensive informational and educational strategy at the Bohun Kyiv military lyceum. Educational and training tasks during studying of Shevchenko’s heritage are analyzed, and include the formation of practical communicative skills of the new generation of lyceum students to be successfully self realized in a modern digitalized education. The obtained results include analysis of peculiarities of Shevchenko’s heritage studying according to the Program and during additional events, and a positive feedback of lyceum students to the studied material. Curriculum vitae of Taras Shevchenko is given as an example of purposefulness, fortitude, courage and uncompromising, devotion to Ukraine. Addressing of the art heritage of Shevchenko has shown to be highly productive, among them visiting his memorial places in Kyrylivka, Moryntsi, Kyiv, Chernihiv, Kholodny Yar, Kaniv, Chyhyryn, several places in Kazakhstan. It was confirmed that the Shevchenko’s heritage means the consolidation of the army based on all-nation values of the state language, history, culture, history, enhancing its defense capability. These practical studies showed that using Shevchenko’s heritage at military lyceum is a crucial tool of social views formation, motivation for self seeking, self establishing, in particular during complex transitional teenager period, and for preserving traditional moral imperatives and artistic-esthetical ideals.

Monitoring, Creeping, or Surveillance? A Synthesis of Online Social Information Seeking Concepts

Affordances of Internet sites and Internet-based applications make personal information about romantic partners, friends, family members, and strangers easy to obtain. People use various techniques to find information about others, capitalizing on online affordances by using search engines to find relevant websites and databases; scouring the target’s social media or social networking site presence; accessing information about the target via their links or network association with others on social media; or asking questions or crowdsourcing information through online channels. Researchers have coined an assortment of terms to describe online social information seeking behaviors, such as interpersonal electronic surveillance, social surveillance, monitoring, patient-targeted Googling, cybervetting, websleuthing, human flesh search, lateral surveillance, Facebook surveillance, and Facebook stalking. Although considerable research has examined these behaviors, there has been little effort to clarify the concepts themselves. As a result, the literature is currently full of inconsistent and overlapping conceptualizations. To synthesize these concepts for future research, this review examines 73 online social information seeking concepts extracted from 186 articles. Specifically, the concepts are reviewed in light of their scope; the information seeker or target of information seeking (e.g., romantic partners, parents, children, employees, criminals); motives for information seeking (e.g., uncertainty, threat, curiosity); and the intensity of the behavior. Recommendations are provided for future research, such as employing clear conceptualizations and incorporating affordances. Finally, we offer a decision tree that researchers can use to help select appropriate terms to use in their work moving forward.

Financial Crisis of 2008 and Outward Foreign Investments from China and India

We show that outward investment by Chinese firms with resource and asset seeking motives and Indian firms with market-seeking motives diverged after the financial crisis of 2008, due to different motives and the underlying financing structure of their outward investments. Indian firms faced export market contraction externally and cut back on outward investments as sales revenues shrank. In contrast, Chinese firms that relied on debt finance to seek out international assets expanded investment as investment targets became cheaper and the reliance on leverage inured Chinese firms to the fluctuations of stock markets and other financial implications of the crisis.

How does rising housing price affect the health of middle-aged and elderly people? The complementary mediators of social status seeking and competitive saving motive.

Under the backdrop of China’s aging population and continuous rising housing price and base on theories pertaining to social status seeking, marriage matching and intergenerational family relationships, use the 2010 and 2014 CFPS national survey micro data, we examine the impact of rising housing price on the health of middle-aged and elderly people and the underlying mechanisms. Rising housing price has a significant negative impact on the health of middle-aged and elderly people, and this effect is also reflected in their physical health, mental acuity and emotional well-being. The internal mechanism is that social status seeking motivation plays a significant mediator role. Through further analysis, we find that competitive saving motive is another intermediate mechanism that causes rising housing price to affect the health of middle-aged and elderly people; it is complementary to the social status seeking motivation. What’s more, the mediation effect of the competitive saving motive is notably heterogeneous, as it exists only for middle-aged and elderly people with male or noncollege educated child but does not exist for those with female or college educated child.

Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development.

Compulsive drug seeking that is associated with addiction is hypothesized to follow a heuristic framework that involves three stages (binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation) and three domains of dysfunction (incentive salience/pathologic habits, negative emotional states, and executive function, respectively) via changes in the basal ganglia, extended amygdala/habenula, and frontal cortex, respectively. This review focuses on neurochemical/neurocircuitry dysregulations that contribute to hyperkatifeia, defined as a greater intensity of negative emotional/motivational signs and symptoms during withdrawal from drugs of abuse in the withdrawal/negative affect stage of the addiction cycle. Hyperkatifeia provides an additional source of motivation for compulsive drug seeking via negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement reflects an increase in the probability of a response to remove an aversive stimulus or drug seeking to remove hyperkatifeia that is augmented by genetic/epigenetic vulnerability, environmental trauma, and psychiatric comorbidity. Neurobiological targets for hyperkatifeia in addiction involve neurocircuitry of the extended amygdala and its connections via within-system neuroadaptations in dopamine, enkephalin/endorphin opioid peptide, and γ-aminobutyric acid/glutamate systems and between-system neuroadaptations in prostress corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, glucocorticoid, dynorphin, hypocretin, and neuroimmune systems and antistress neuropeptide Y, nociceptin, endocannabinoid, and oxytocin systems. Such neurochemical/neurocircuitry dysregulations are hypothesized to mediate a negative hedonic set point that gradually gains allostatic load and shifts from a homeostatic hedonic state to an allostatic hedonic state. Based on preclinical studies and translational studies to date, medications and behavioral therapies that reset brain stress, antistress, and emotional pain systems and return them to homeostasis would be promising new targets for medication development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The focus of this review is on neurochemical/neurocircuitry dysregulations that contribute to hyperkatifeia, defined as a greater intensity of negative emotional/motivational signs and symptoms during withdrawal from drugs of abuse in the withdrawal/negative affect stage of the drug addiction cycle and a driving force for negative reinforcement in addiction. Medications and behavioral therapies that reverse hyperkatifeia by resetting brain stress, antistress, and emotional pain systems and returning them to homeostasis would be promising new targets for medication development.

Usage Of Meme As Information Sharing Media

Internet Meme is one of many internet sub-culture and one of the most popular among millennials. This study aims to determine the use of memes in sharing information and entertainment at the same time. This research will require data in the form of student responses. Questions given to students that will relate to motives for seeking information, motives for entertaining, motives for maintaining relationships, continuous use and intentions in sharing information. This research was tested using the SPSS application from the data that had been collected. The final data that has been tested on Continuance Usage Intentions (CUI = 0.128) yields that the Information Seeking Motive (ISM = 0.344), the Entertainment Motive (EM = 0.350) and the Relationship Maintenance Motive (RMM = 0.247) have a close relationship. Meanwhile, the Information Sharing Intentions (ISI = -0.201) has a Information Seeking Motive (ISM = 0.379), Entertainment Motive (EM = 0.202) and Relationship Maintenance Motive (RMM = 0.410) which also has a close relationship. We can conclude that netizen are more concerned with entertainment motive and information seeking motive on continuance usage intentions which also netizen are concerned to information seeking motive and relationship maintenance motive on information sharing intention.

Motivations for music information seeking as serious leisure in a virtual community: exploring a Eurovision fan club

PurposeThis study aims to examine the motivations of a group of music fans of the Eurovision Song Contest to seek information about the competition and to participate in a virtual community of fans.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws from the uses and gratifications framework to understand the needs that a particular mass medium fulfills for its users. Fifteen Eurovision fans were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Interviewees were asked to talk about how they seek information about the competition, to relate their engagement and participation with the virtual community and to reflect on the role that the community of fans and the Eurovision have in their lives.FindingsContent analysis revealed four themes that reflect the motivations that shape many aspects of participants lives, relating to seeking information about the Eurovision Song Contest, fulfilling the need for serious leisure, making social connections, finding a sense of belonging and forming an identity.Social implicationsThe study examines the motivations of a group of people who share a common interest that shaped the ways the seek information, related to others, view themselves and construct their identity and make social connections, all to satisfy their love and admiration for the competition, and this regardless of the societal stigma that the competition might carry.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature on serious leisure information seeking by exploring the role that information and social media play in different aspects serious leisure activities.

Behavioral Activation Therapy on Reward Seeking Behaviors in Depressed People: An Experimental study.

Introduction: Behavioral activation therapy (BAT) is designed to help individuals’ approach and access sources of positive reinforcement in their life, which can serve a natural antidepressant function and efforts to help depressed people reengage in their life through focused activation strategies.Methods: In this study, 60 individuals were selected and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received behavioral activation treatment, including eight treatment sessions and 5 weeks later, a follow-up study was conducted. The data were collected, using a Beck Depression Inventory-II and behavioral activation system (BIS)/ behavioral inhibition system (BAS) Carver and White questionnaires, before the intervention and after the intervention and five weeks after the intervention. SPSS 23 and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for data analysis.Results: Results showed a significant increase in the two components of the BAS including reward seeking and response to reward in the intervention group, which indicates an increase in positive affect and appetitive motivation for reward seeking and decreases the risk of depression. Also, the results showed a significant decrease in the BIS and depression in the intervention group, which indicates a decline in experiencing negative emotions.Conclusion: The implementation of BAT will cause depressed people to try to maximize future rewards and it’s effective in improving the reward seeking and reward response in depressed people because this treatment will increase the positive reinforcement and lead to learning cues that predict possible rewards in environments.

Service innovation or collaborative tradition? Public motives for partnerships with third sector organisations

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate public partners’ motives for seeking and/or accepting partnerships with third sector organisations.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is to seek to identify and explain motives from different perspectives; as responses to government failure or voluntary failure, as related to governance structures, and/or as driven by resource dependencies. The empirical material was gathered through semi-structured interviews with public employees in Swedish municipalities. The aim of the interviews was to grasp the public partners’ motives for partnerships with third sector organisations. Each interview started with questions on the presence and forms of partnerships, thus creating a backdrop for the motives, both during the interview and as a map of the partnership landscape.FindingsThe most prominent motives for public engagement in partnerships with third sector organisations are related to democratic values, the need to solve concrete problems, and economic rationality. The motives vary with the type of partnership of which there is considerable variation in scale, content and contribution; the types of partnership vary with different policy fields and services. Different perspectives highlight different motives but none of them excludes other perspectives.Originality/valueThe main contribution of the paper is the empirically based findings of a multi-layered public–third sector partnership landscape where policy fields, forms and complex motives are intertwined.

Addiction as a Coping Response: Hyperkatifeia, Deaths of Despair, and COVID-19.

Addiction as a Coping Response: Hyperkatifeia, Deaths of Despair, and COVID-19.

Development of an Offline-Friend Addiction Questionnaire (O-FAQ): Are most people really social addicts?

A growing number of self-report measures aim to define interactions with social media in a pathological behavior framework, often using terminology focused on identifying those who are 'addicted' to engaging with others online. Specifically, measures of 'social media addiction' focus on motivations for online social information seeking, which could relate tomotivations for offline social information seeking. However,it could be the case that these same measures could reveal a pattern of friend addiction in general. This study develops the Offline-Friend Addiction Questionnaire (O-FAQ) by re-wording items from highly cited pathological social media use scales to reflect "spending time with friends". Our methodology for validation follows the currentliterature precedent in the development ofsocial media 'addiction' scales. The O-FAQ had a three-factor solution in an exploratory sample of N = 807 and these factors were stable in a 4-week retest (r = .72 to .86) and was validated against personality traits, and risk-taking behavior, in conceptually plausible directions. Using the same polythetic classification techniques as pathological social media use studies, we were able to classify 69% of our sample as addicted to spending time with their friends. The discussion of our satirical research is a critical reflection on the role of measurement and human sociality in social media research. We question the extent to which connecting with others can be considered an 'addiction' anddiscuss issues concerningthe validation of new 'addiction' measures without relevant medical constructs. Readers should approach our measure with a level of skepticism that should be afforded to current social media addiction measures.

Does Gender Moderate the Relationship among Festival Attendees’ Motivation, Perceived Value, Visitor Satisfaction, and Electronic Word-of-Mouth?

Festivals are experiential products heavily depending on the recommendations of previous visitors. With the power of social media growing, understanding the antecedents of positive electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) intentions of festival attendees is immensely beneficial for festival organizers to better promote their festivals and control negative publicity. However, there is still limited research regarding eWOM intentions in the festival context. Thus, this study aims to fill such a gap by investigating the relationships among festival attendees’ enjoyment seeking motivation, perceived value, visitor satisfaction, and eWOM intention in a local festival setting. Additionally, the moderating role of gender was tested as it is one of the most important demographic variables to show individual differences in behavioral intentions. The results of structural equation modeling showed a positive effect of enjoyment seeking motivation on perceived value, visitor satisfaction, and eWOM intention. Moreover, gender differences in eWOM intention and a full mediating effect of visitor satisfaction between perceived value and eWOM intention for female respondents were revealed. The findings of this study extend the existing festival literature and provide insights for strategically organizing and promoting festivals to generate more positive eWOM which can be utilized as an effective marketing tool and a feedback channel.

Why do Chinese MNEs Acquire Unrelated Foreign Businesses?

Unrelated product diversification via cross-border M&A appears comparatively common in Chinese MNEs. This phenomenon has not been well explained in research to date. We hypothesize that affiliation to diversified business groups, owing to beneficial knowledge and resource combinative effects pre- and post-acquisition, encourages such strategies. We hypothesize, moreover, that motives derived from private ownership and strategic asset seeking amplify the effect from domestic business group diversification. Employing ordered logit modelling on a sample of 662 Chinese international M&As (from 2006 to 2015) we find strong support for our hypotheses. Our results underscore the paradoxical nature of unrelated diversification in the context of a dominant resource- and institution-based narrative of Chinese firms attempting to spring-board and catch-up. Business group diversification, ownership structure and strategic asset seeking motives combine to provide both inducement and ability to cope with unrelated acquisitions in foreign locations. Our findings contribute to the theoretical discussion regarding the potentially idiosyncratic strategies of emerging market MNEs.

Distinct neural correlates of social and object reward seeking motivation.

The "Choose-a-Movie-CAM" is an established task to quantify the motivation for seeking social rewards. It allows participants to directly assess both the stimulus value and the effort required to obtain it. In the present study, we aimed to identify the neural mechanisms of such cost-benefit decision-making. To this end, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data were collected from 24 typical adults while they completed the CAM task. We partly replicated the results from our previous behavioural studies showing that typical adults prefer social over object stimuli and low effort over higher effort stimuli but found no interaction between the two. Results from neuroimaging data suggest that there are distinct neural correlates for social and object preferences. The precuneus and medial orbitofrontal cortex, two key areas involved in social processing are engaged when participants make a social choice. Areas of the ventral and dorsal stream pathways associated with object recognition are engaged when making an object choice. These activations can be seen during the decision phase even before the rewards have been consumed, indicating a transfer the hedonic properties of social stimuli to its cues. We also found that the left insula and bilateral clusters in the inferior occipital gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule were recruited for increasing effort investment. We discuss limitations and implications of this study which reveals the distinct neural correlates for social and object rewards, using a robust behavioural measure of social motivation.

디지털 시대 소비자 접점의 활용 연구 : 정보 탐색 동기와 연령에 따른 차이를 중심으로

소비자 의사결정 여정의 각 단계에서 소비자들이 어떤 접점을 통해 브랜드 관련 정보를 접 하는지를 이해하는 것은 학술적으로는 디지털 시대의 소비자 행동을 이해하고, 실무적으 로는 접점 전략을 수립하는데 필요하다. 본 연구는 소비자가 정보를 접하는 상황을 정보 탐색 동 기에 따라 크게 세 가지로 구분해(브라우징, 습관적 탐색, 목적성 탐색) 각 상황 별로 화장품 관 련 정보를 접하게 되는 경우, 오프라인, 구전, 디지털을 포함해 총 57개의 채널들을 얼마나 활용 하는지, 그리고 어떤 유형의 정보(예: 기업의 통제된 메시지, 통제되지 않는 후기와 기사)와 구체 적인 내용(예: 가격, 제품성분, 제품효능)을 획득하는지 조사하였다. 주 1회 이상 화장품 관련 정 보를 탐색하는 20~40대 여성 676명을 대상으로 모바일 다이어리 조사를 실시한 결과, 전반적 으로 디지털 접점의 영향력이 오프라인에 비해 큰 것으로 나타났다. 단, 정보 탐색 동기와 연령 에 따른 차이가 있어 소비자들은 다양한 접점들을 역동적이고 능동적으로 활용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 정보를 전달하고자 하는 대상과 목적에 따라 접점 관리 전략을 다르 게 세워야 한다는 주장에 구체적인 근거를 제공하는 데 의의가 있다.

Pleasure Seeking Motivation in Luxury Product and Luxury Product Purchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Consumer Social Conformity and Gender

Tüketiciler için lüks ürün satın almanın, mutluluğu yakalamada önemli bir bireysel motivasyon olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Tüketici satın alma kararları verirken çevresindeki insanlardan etkilenebilir. Bu davranışsal etkinin altında yatan temel neden tüketici sosyal uyumu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Tüketici sosyal uyumunun şiddeti cinsiyet açısından farklılık gösterebilir. Araştırmanın amacı, lüks üründe mutluluk arama motivasyonu ile lüks ürün satın alma niyeti arasındaki ilişkide, tüketici sosyal uyumu ve cinsiyetin düzenleyici rolünün belirlenmesidir. Oluşturulan anket 422 katılımcıya uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada, SPSS programına yüklenerek kullanılan, PROCESS Makro yazılımı düzenleyici analizi yapılmasına yardımcı olmuştur. Sonuçlara göre lüks üründe mutluluk arama motivasyonunun lüks ürün satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi sosyal uyumu yüksek olan tüketicilerde daha fazla etkilidir. Bu etkinin, sosyal uyumu yüksek olan kadın tüketicilerde daha güçlü olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

The role of sensation seeking in political violence: An extension of the Significance Quest Theory.

Adventure and excitement have often been invoked to explain why people engage in political violence, yet empirical evidence on the topic has thus far been anecdotal. The present research sought to fill this gap in knowledge by examining the role of sensation seeking in political violence and integrating this concept with Significance Quest Theory (Kruglanski, Chen, Dechesne, Fishman, & Orehek, 2009; Kruglanski et al., 2013). Extending prior research on violent extremism, Study 1 found that sensation seeking mediated the relation between meaning in life and willingness to self-sacrifice and support for political violence. Study 2 established temporal precedence of the variables in the mediation model, using a longitudinal design. Studies 3 and 4 experimentally replicated findings of Studies 1 and 2. In Studies 5a and 5b, we found that sensation seeking predicts support for a real life violent activist group. In Studies 6a and 6b, the positive evaluation of a violent activist group by individuals high in sensation seeking was explained by how exciting they perceived the group to be. Finally, Study 7 introduced an intervention targeting the sensation seeking motive by presenting participants with a peaceful (less exciting vs. exciting) activism group. As hypothesized, providing individuals high in sensation seeking with a peaceful yet exciting group mitigated their support for extreme behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).