Seeking Consultation Research Articles

The use of consultation in psychological practice: ethical, legal, and clinical considerations.

The importance of consulting with other professionals to maintain acceptable standards of care is well documented in many health care professions. However, evidence indicates that many psychologists fail to utilize consultation when needed, and that consultation use varies along dimensions such as the education and training of the consultee, the type of setting, number of years in practice, and proximity to available consultants. In this article, we review the research on the use of consultation by psychologists as well as other health care professionals. We discuss the clinical, ethical, and legal implications of seeking consultation as a professional psychologist. Finally, a detailed and practical model for the regular use of consultation is given to improve the routine use of consultation in clinical practice.

歯科治療に関連ある異物迷入症例の臨床統計的観察

Oral surgeons sometimes encounter patients with foreign bodies in their jaws which require dental treatment. Occasionally it is difficult to extract them.Twenty-eight patients with foreign bodies requiring dental treatment were admitted to our department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery over about a 4-year period and may be summaried as follows:1. Most patients were in their 20s or 30s, and foreign bodies were less common amongthe elderly. Most upper jaw foreign bodies were in women, while the incidence of foreign bodies in the lower jaw was more common in men.2. Most foreign bodies in the maxilla were located in the first molar, and all foreign bodies were in the region of the third molar in the mandible.3. More cases occurred on the right side of the maxilla than the left, but there was no difference in lower jaw laterality.4. As for type of foreign body, most were the radixis of the tooth in both jaws, a few were filling material of the dental canal, the whole body of the tooth or material from dental implants.5. The initial treatment in almost all patients with foreign bodies was no treatment on the upper jaw and antibiotics were given to only 4 patients.6. Fifteen, about 70%, patients visited the hospital within 7 days after their accident and the longest interval before treatment was one patient who come to the clinic 6 years after his accident. All patients were operated on within 5 days after their accident when the foreign body was in the lower jaw.7. Twelve patients were operated on within 7 days for foreign bodies in the upper jaw and 5 patients within 3 days for foreign bodies in the lower jaw after first seeking consultation.8. The surgical technique in most cases of maxillary foreign bodies was enlargement of the wound and extraction of the foreign body, in the lower jaw, an incision was made and soft tissues dissected from the lingual side to exposed and extract the foreign body.

Utilization of psychiatry in a primary care center

The pattern of use of psychiatry over a 12-month period in a university-based primary care center is reported. Interest in pursuing careers in family practice and amount of time spent in the center were related to seeking consultation. All nurse practitioners and social workers sought psychiatric consultations. The majority of patients received care for their psychiatric problems by their primary care clinicians after consultation rather than being referred to a traditional psychiatric clinic.