Seed Yield Research Articles

Evaluation of irrigation management in different stages of growth on the yield and water productivity in cowpea plant in field and model conditions

The research was conducted in order to evaluate the management of irrigation in different stages of growth on the yield of the cowpea plant using the DSSAT model. The experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the north of Iran during 2017 and 2018. The main treatments included irrigation with the management of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of the plant’s water requirements (WRs), and the secondary treatment included irrigation in the vegetative, reproductive and complete stages (vegetative and reproductive). The outcomes indicated that the maximum yield of biomass, pod and seeds when supplying 100% of the water supply in 2017 was 4588, 3222 and 1005 kg/ha, respectively, in both vegetative and reproductive stages. In the interaction of year × WR × growth stages, the maximum water use efficiency based on yield of biomass, pod and seeds in 2018 were under irrigated conditions in the vegetative stage and in dry conditions with the average of 3.57, 2.37 and 0.75 kg/m3. The average values of water productivity components based on irrigation, irrigation and rainfall, evapotranspiration, transpiration and evapotranspiration and deep percolation altogether (WPI, WPI + R, WPET, WPT and WPETQ) was obtained as 0.61, 0.41, 0.39, 0.67 and 0.32 kg per cubic meter, respectively. The outcomes of evaluating DSSAT model showed that the values of RMSE and RMSEn in calibration conditions were, respectively, 130 kg/ha and 5.91% for biomass yield and 92 kg/ha and 12.62% for seed yield. In the validation conditions, these indicators were, respectively, 129 kg/ha and 5.29% for biomass yield and 73 kg/ha and 8.61% for seed yield. Based on the results, treating 100% of the water requirements in the vegetative and reproductive stages and with transpiration rate of 188 mm is suggested as suitable management for the studied area.

Selection criteria and yield stability in a large collection of African yam bean [Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex. A. Rich) Harms] accessions

Abstract African yam bean (AYB) is an underutilized legume with significant potential for food security in sub-Saharan Africa, yet limited research exists on optimizing its seed yield through selective breeding. In this study, the seed yield (SY) performance and relative importance of some yield-related traits on SY in AYB were assessed. One hundred and ninety-six accessions of AYB were evaluated for 2 years in three agro-ecologies of Nigeria. The experimental design was a 14 × 14 lattice design with three replicates. Data were recorded on SY and 13 SY-related traits. Positive significant genotypic correlations were found between SY and 11 of these traits. Pod length (PL) had a negative significant relationship (rg = −0.44**) with SY. Path coefficient analysis identified days to maturity (DM), pod weight (PW), shelling percentage (SP), number of seeds per pod (NSPD), 100-seed weight (HSW) and seed thickness (ST) as traits with positive direct effects on SY. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis revealed highly significant accession, environment, accession × environment interaction and interaction principal components effects for SY. Accessions TSs-119, TSs-101, 138A, TSs-4, TSs-157A and TSs-61 were identified as superior and stable, and should be considered for further breeding purposes. Selection criteria for improved SY in AYB should include DM, PW, SP, NSPD, HSW and ST. The identified stable, high-yielding accessions and key yield-related traits provide a framework for accelerating AYB improvement across diverse agro-ecologies.

Genotype by environment analysis of the leaf and seed yield traits of spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) landraces in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT The testing of spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) landraces in multi-environmental trials on multiple traits is a critical step toward future use of this species. Despite its importance, there are no recommended varieties with known strengths in terms of production and future breeding. The study objectives were to evaluate spider plant landraces for yield and important traits. Ten landraces were assessed at four sites during the 2021/22 and 2022/23 summer seasons in Zimbabwe. Significant (p < 0.05) variations in genotypic, environmental, and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) effects for traits were found. The average edible fresh leaf yield (FY) ranged from 42.8 to 84.1 g plant−1, whereas the seed yield (SY) ranged from 9.7 to 15.12 g plant−1. The AMMI model showed a highly significant (p < 0.001) impact of environment, genotype, and GEI on FY and SY. The GGE biplot uncovered 88.31 and 75.08% of the underlying relationship for the FY and SY, respectively, while it explained 69.27% variation of the genotype by trait interaction. The Horticulture Research Institute proved to be ideal testing site for both edible fresh leaf and seed yield. The landraces G8>G1 and G3>G5 were associated with high mean and stability for FY and SY, respectively. The landraces with high FY values presented additional superiority in terms of longer and wider leaves, and flowered late. However, landraces with high SY values exhibited greater height and seeds per pod.

Refining Harvest Timing and Physiological Maturity for Optimal Seed Yield in Caribbean Stylo (Stylosanthes hamata)

Refining Harvest Timing and Physiological Maturity for Optimal Seed Yield in Caribbean Stylo (Stylosanthes hamata)

EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF GROWING DRIP-IRRIGATED WATERMELON FOR SEEDS ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY

Purpose: To investigate the influence of drip irrigation of watermelon seed plants grown by different technological methods on the seed productivity, yield and sowing qualities. Methods: Field - determination of yield, biometric records and measurements; Laboratory - analyses of seed quality; Mathematical and statistical - ANOVA and statistical processing of data. Results. The optimal time for sowing seeds in drip-irrigated watermelon seed plantations was determined: the beginning of the second 10 days of May. When seeds were sown within the third 10 days of April or May, the yield of watermelon seeds was decreased by 37.8–51.6 kg/ha (16.7–18.5%, first period) and 61.5–69.0 kg/ha (24.3–27.2%, third period). Improved water supply of plants during the growing period due to drip irrigation contributed to an increase in the fruit yield and seed productivity. It was proven that the maximum yields of fruits (41.6 t/ha) and seeds (278.9 kg/ha) were harvested with a 1.4 x 0.35 m sowing scheme, plant density of 20,300 plats/ha, second sowing timeframe, and drip irrigation. The gain in the seed yield compared to the control (10,200 plants/ha) was 29.8 kg/ha (12.0%). It was found that, when watermelon seed plants were drip-irrigated, the yield of seeds was increased by 43.5–73.6 kg/ha (32.8–41.6%) compared to no irrigation variants. When seed plants were sown within the second timeframe according to a 1.4 × 1.05 m sowing scheme, with a smaller number of plants per hectare, the yield of seeds was reduced by 9.2–22.3 kg/ha (9.1%). The highest yield of certified seeds from fruits (91.9–93.8%) was harvested when seeds were sown within in the second timeframe according to any sowing schemes. Discussion. Our obtained are consistent with similar developments of domestic and foreign researchers. The high efficiency of growing watermelon seed plants under drip irrigation was demonstrated. Conclusions. The agrotechnical methods of watermelon seed plant growing, which determine the formation of fruits, their seed productivity, seed yield and quality, were studied. The optimal period for sowing seeds in drip-irrigated seed plantations (second 10 days of May, 1.4 × 0.35 m sowing scheme, and plant density of 20,300 plants/ha) was determined.

Productivity of varieties of spring vetch (Vicia sativa L.) in the conditions of the Southern Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Among the annual leguminous grasses, spring vetch stands out, reaching harvest maturity two months after sowing. It has nodule bacteria on the root system and is able to accumulate 60 kg/ha of biological nitrogen during the growing season. This plant improves soil fertility and is a good precursor for many crops. One of the main tasks of breeding of spring vetch is to create high-yielding varieties in terms of fodder mass and grain with high adaptive potential. Therefore, the relevance of the topic lies in the identification of promising varieties of spring vetch in the conditions of the Southern Forest Steppe of Ukraine, which are high-yielding and can be used in various directions. The purpose of research is to find out adaptive potential of varieties in the conditions of the Southern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the following tasks must be solved: 1) to evaluate varieties of spring vetch according to the yield of seeds, green mass and hay; 2) to identify varieties that can be used in production and in breeding practice to create new competitive varieties. The research was carried out in laboratory and field conditions of the Ustymivka experimental station of plant growing of the Institute of Plant growing named after V. Ya. Yuriev of the National academy of agricultural sciences of Ukraine which belongs to the central part of the Kremenchuk district of Poltava region and the southern part of the Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine. An evaluation of 17 varieties of spring vetch was carried out for the yield of seeds, green mass and hay for the years 2021–2023. 7 varieties exceeding the Bilotserkivska 88 standard (1.9 t/ha) were selected for seed yield. 7 varieties exceeding the Bilotserkivska 88 standard (28.6 t/ha) were also selected for the yield of green mass. According to the yield of hay, 10 varieties were selected, which significantly exceeded the Bilotserkivska 88 standard (3.44 t/ha). The Bilokvitkova variety reached almost the standard level (3.47 t/ha). To realize the productivity potential of spring vetch varieties, it is necessary to take into account their ecological features. Such varieties as Polinariia, Hibrydna 85, Iaroslava and Halynka are varieties of universal direction of use. These varieties are recommended for involvement in breeding practice for the creation of new competitive varieties.

Productivity of fodder grasses in the conditions of the Southern Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Legume-cereal grasses provide an opportunity to significantly increase the productivity of grasslands. The economic value of plants on natural fodder grounds is determined by their productivity. The bird’s-foot trefoil and crested weat grass have high fodder value. Among the fodder leguminous grasses, the bird’s-foot trefoil is one of the most valuable pasture plants. This plant is a good component of the grass mixture, which ensures the accumulation of root mass. The crested weat grass is a fodder cereal that is also widely used in grass mixtures. Therefore, the urgency of the topic lies in the need to analyze collection samples of the bird’s-foot trefoil and weat grasses for fodder and seed productivity in the conditions of the Southern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. This is important for finding good initial material in analytical selection breeding and solving the problem of seed production. The purpose of the research is to find out the adaptive potential of collection samples of the bird’s-foot trefoil and weat grasses to reveal the productivity of these perspective fodder grasses. The research was conducted at the Ustymivka Experimental Station of Plant growing of the Institute of Plant growing named after V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS of Ukraine in 2022–2023. The object of the research was 21 collection samples of the bird’s-foot trefoil and 23 collection samples of weat grasses, among which there were crested weat grass and desert weat grass. As a result of the research, an assessment of the collection samples of the bird’s-foot trefoil was carried out according to the yield of green mass, hay and seeds. The best collection samples of UJ0500012, UJ0500100, UJ0500110 and UJ0500112 were selected for the yield of green mass (respectively 2063.80 g/m2, 1798.0 g/m2, 2200.40 g/m2, 2262.30 g/m2) and hay ( respectively 481.80 g/m2, 439.0 g/m2, 557.10 g/m2, 576.10 g/m2). Collection samples of weat grasses were assessed for height before mowing, productivity of green mass after mowings, hay productivity after mowings, and seed productivity. The best sample of crested weat grass UDS00039 was selected out for the height of the plant before mowing (70.6 cm), the yield of green mass (810.1 g/m2) and the yield of hay (272.5 g/m2). The best collection samples of crested weat grass UDS00070, UDS00073, UDS00074 were selected for the yield of green mass (respectively 778 g/m2, 962.8 g/m2, 753.3 g/m2) and hay (respectively 255.2 g/m2, 344.7 g/m2, 270.5 g/m2). The best collection samples of crested weat grass UDS00076 and UDS00081 were selected for plant height before mowing (67.3 cm and 66.9 cm, respectively) and hay yield (259 g/m2 and 256.9 g/m2, respectively). The desert weat grasses sample UDS00018 also performed well in terms of plant height before mowing (65.3 cm) and seed yield (107.5 g/m2). Selected collection samples of the bird’s-foot trefoil and weat grasses are recommended as initial material for analytical selection.

Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Enhancing Seed Quality, Yield and Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Enhancing Seed Quality, Yield and Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Evaluation of Various Bee Attractants on the Foraging Behavior of Indian Honey Bee (Apis cerana indica) and their Impact on the Seed Yield of Niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass

Experiment was done at the PC Unit Sesame and Niger Experimental Farm, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. The study took place in during Kharif 2022. A total of nine treatments with three replications were arranged for the experiment using Randomized Block Design to check whether there was a result of bee attractants regarding attraction by Apis cerana indica and their effects on seed production of niger crops. The number of Apis cerana indica visits was found the highest at both the 10% and 50% blooming stages at which Madhuca longifolia flower extract 10% and rose water were 10% (16.50 Apis cerana indica/m2/5min), with 17.50 and 12.17 Apis cerana indica/m2/5min, respectively. This was followed by rose water 10% with 16.50 and (sugar solution 50%) 10.08 Apis cerana indica/m2/5min, respectively. The population of Apis cerana indica was received from controlled condition 5.67 and 2.92 Apis cerana indica/m2/5min at 10% and 50% flowering stage, respectively. This was followed by water spray (7.08 and 4.42 Apis cerana indica/m2/5min) at 10% and 50% flowering stage, respectively. The foliar spray of flower extract of Madhuca longifolia, sugar solution 10% and rose water 10% were found significantly superior over others in respect to record higher seed yield and recorded 6.90 q and 6.70 q/ha seed yield, respectively.

The Effect of Different Varieties and Planting Times on the Yield and Quality of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) Flowers and Seeds in Çukurova Conditions

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different varieties (Pot Marigold and Orange King) and planting times (March 15, April 1 and April 15) on the yield and quality of flowers and seeds of Calendula (Calen-dula officinalis) plant in the 2020-2021 growing seasons in Çukurova conditions. The experiment was set up in a split plot randomized complete block design with 3 replications. According to the data, the highest dry flower yield (360.63 kg/ha, March 15, 2021) was obtained from Pot Marigold variety, the highest fresh flower yield (1308.67 kg/da, March 15, 2020), flower essential oil (0.05 %, 15 March 2021) was obtained from Orange King variety. Highest seed yield 35.6 kg/da from balloon smooth shaped, highest seed fixed oil 15.39 % from balloon smooth shaped, was obtained. The maincomponent in flower essential oil was α-cadinol and in seed oil it as identified as calendic acid (α+β). Both varieties exhibit similar trends in terms of essential oils for use in commercial medicinal and food industries, while the Pot Marigold variety stands out in terms of dry flower yield, seed yield, and seed oil.

Evalution of breeding material of seed peas (spring) in conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To evaluate the manifestation of the main characteristics of the productivity of breeding numbers of spring peas as a reaction to changes in growing conditions depending on temperature and humidity. Methods. Field, visual, measuring, weighing, quantitative, laboratory, mathematical-statistical ones. Results. 24 breeding lines of spring pea were analyzed for valuable economic traits. The assessment of manifestation of the main signs of feed and seed productivity of the numbers of the preliminary variety test as a reaction to the change in growing conditions depending on temperature and humidity is presented. It was established that in terms of the green mass of the pea-oat mixture yield, eight numbers (KR 2, Plidny, Mylovyd, KR 21, KR 22, KR 35, KR 65, and Zlagoda) exceeded the standard of Yaroslavl by 7-15% in 2023 and by 13-29% in 2024. It was found that during the years of research, the samples Plidnyi, KR 22, Zlagoda and Polinaria had a consistently high yield of absolutely dry matter, and the protein content in absolutely dry matter in 2024 decreased compared to the previous year, due to abnormal dry weather conditions. The seed yield of six breeding lines (KR 17, KR 20, KR 31, KR 65, KR 71, Polinaria) in 2023 was higher than the standard by 10- 23%, and in 2024 it increased by 17-30%. Conclusions. Studies have shown that the formation of traits of feed and seed productivity of spring peas is largely influenced by weather conditions. According to the results of a comprehensive evaluation of the breeding material in 2023-2024, the best cultivars were selected according to the yield of the green mass of the pea-oat mixture, the yield of absolutely dry matter, the protein content in the dry matter, the yield of seeds and the mass of 1000 seeds, which correspond to the determined parameters of adaptability and productivity. The selected material can be used in practical breeding to create new varieties of spring peas with high feed and seed productivity, adapted to the conditions of the eastern part of the ForestSteppe of Ukraine

Ускорение процесса селекции и получение новых гибридов гороха посевного

The article presents an analysis of the results of an experiment on hybridization of nine varieties of peas conducted in the phytotron of Bashgau. The influence of various crossing combinations on the number of hybrid seeds obtained, as well as on their water content and flower formation, has been studied. In the course of the study, hybrid seeds of the first generation were obtained using five crossing combinations. Keywords: SEED PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM), VARIETY, HYBRIDIZATION, ACCELERATED SELECTION, PHYTOTRON, SEED YIELD

Innovative approaches to biologization of growing seeds of synthetic alfalfa varieties in the RightBank Forest-Steppe

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the importance of alfalfa as one of the key crops in agriculture, which requires improvement of technologies for growing new synthetic varieties. Methods. Field, laboratory, visual, measuring, weighing, quantitative, trial sheaf method, mathematical, statistical. Results. Innovative aspects of the technology for growing seeds of new synthetic varieties of alfalfa seed have been developed by pre-sowing treatment of seeds with bacterial preparations Rhizobofit and Rice P with foliar feeding during the growing season with chelated microfertilizers Ecoline Bean and Rist Humate Potassium to improve the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by nodule bacteria and the mobilization of macro- and microelements from the soil against the background of the main fertilizer for the cover crop with mineral and limestone fertilizers. In the conditions of 2021-2023. This ensured the maximum yield of alfalfa seeds depending on the varieties (405-451) in the first and second years of use. Conclusions. It was established that when growing alfalfa seeds of new synthetic varieties with high sowing and yield properties, the most effective is to carry out pre-sowing treatment of seeds with bacterial preparations in combination with chelate-based microfertilizers twice in the budding phase and the beginning of bean formation against the background of the main mineral nutrition N30P90K90 and fast-acting limestone fertilizer Ca(OH)2 (slaked lime - fluff) - 0.5 norms for hydrolytic acidity, which contributed to an increase in seed yield on average over the years of research by 101-117 kg/ha or 31-35% compared to the control without seed treatment and foliar feeding.

Yield and seed quality of soybeans in the Ukrainian Right-bank Foreststeppe

Purpose. To analyze the yield, structural elements of the yield and qualitative characteristics of the soybean different varieties seeds of domestic selection. Methods. Field, morphometric, weight, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. Soybean varieties that differ in the duration of the growing season and ripening terms were analyzed, according to morphological characteristics and quantitative yield indicators (number of beans, seeds, seed weight), as well as seed yield and its quality. It was established that plants of the Oksana variety demonstrated the highest vegetative mass, characterized by the greatest plant height and weight. The smallest were soybean plants of the KiVin variety. It was found that the maximum number of productive junctures was formed on soybean plants of the Oksana and Khutoryanochka varieties, which contributed to the development of the largest number of fruits – beans on the plant. The shorter development period of the KiVin variety led to a decrease in the number of beans on plants. The Oksana variety prevailed over other studied plants in terms of the number of formed seeds per plant and their weight. For all varieties, the large seed fraction, with a diameter of 6 mm, prevailed. The Oksana variety had the highest content of large fraction seeds, and the Monada variety had the highest content of medium fraction seeds. The Oksana variety demonstrated the highest germination energy and germination rate for the large fraction of seeds, while the KiVin variety showed the best performance for medium and small fractions. The total yield was the highest in the Khutoryanochka and Oksana varieties. The highest protein content was in soybeans of the Monada and Oksana varieties, and the highest fat content was in seeds of the KiVin variety. Conclusions. The Oksana soybean variety was the most productive in terms of a number of indicators.

Receptor-like Kinase GOM1 Regulates Glume-Opening in Rice.

Glume-opening of thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines after anthesis is a serious problem that significantly reduces the yield and quality of hybrid seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the opening and closing of rice glumes remain largely unclear. In this study, we report the isolation and functional characterization of a glum-opening mutant after anthesis, named gom1. gom1 exhibits dysfunctional lodicules that lead to open glumes following anthesis. Map-based cloning and subsequent complementation tests confirmed that GOM1 encodes a receptor-like kinase (RLK). GOM1 was expressed in nearly all floral tissues, with the highest expression in the lodicule. Loss-of-function of GOM1 resulted in a decrease in the expression of genes related to JA biosynthesis, JA signaling, and sugar transport. Compared with LK638S, the JA content in the gom1 mutant was significantly reduced, while the soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents were significantly increased in lodicules after anthesis. Together, we speculated that GOM1 regulates carbohydrate transport in lodicules during anthesis through JA and JA signaling, maintaining a higher osmolality in lodicules after anthesis, which leads to glum-opening.

The Effect of doses of Natural Super Phospate Fertilizer and Potassium on the Growth and Yield of Peanut Plants (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The purpose of the study was to determine the proper dosage of natural phosphate and potash fertilizers for peanut growth and yield. This research was conducted in Tanjung Village, Darul Hasanah District, Southeast Aceh Regency from October to December 2020. This study used 3x3 factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 3 repeats. The results showed that the dose of Natural Super Phosphat fertilizer had a significant effect on the weight of 100 dry seeds of peanut plants. The highest growth and soaking of dried peanut seeds tends to be obtained at a dose of Natural Super Phospat 100 kg P205 I ha. The dose of potash fertilizer had no significant effect on plant height at the age of 15, 30 and 45 watersheds, the number of well-fused pods per clump, the number of empty pods per clump, the weight of dry pods per clump, the weight of 100 dry seeds, the weight of dry seeds per net plot and the weight of dry seeds per hectare. Better growth and yield of dry seeds in peanut plants tend to be obtained with a dose of potash fertilizer of 75 kg K20 I ha. There is an insignificant interaction between the dose treatment of Natural Super Phosphate fertilizer and the dose of potassium fertilizer.

Magnetic Field Effect on Seed and Crude Oil Yields in Mustard (Brassica campestris)

Mustard (Brassica campestris) is an important spice and oil plant. Seed yield and oil quality of mustard vary depending on genetic, ecological, morphological, physiological, cultural, and environmental factors and their interactions. Increasing obtained seed or oil yield as the final product is of great economic importance. One of the innovative and environmentally friendly methods for increasing the efficiency and quality of plant production is magnetic field applications. Mustard varieties 'Tori' and 'Sarson' were used in the study to reveal their performances under the effect of magnetic field (MF) treatments. The seeds of 'Tori' and 'Sarson' varieties were exposed to 150 mT MF strength for different time periods (0-control, 24, 48 and 72 hours). In 'Tori' variety, the highest seed and crude oil yields were obtained in 24-hour-MF treatment as 165.18 kg da-1 and 58.97 kg da-1, respectively, by an increase of 43.39% and 38.72%, respectively, according to control treatment where no MF was used. In variety 'Sarson', seed and crude oil yields were recorded as 210.39 kg da-1 and 78.9 kg da-1, respectively, as the highest in 48-hour-MF treatment by an increase of 54.03% and 44.4%, respectively, according to control. This study reveals that MF treatment increased seed and crude oil yields in mustard, and the protocol could make significant contributions to the yields of other crop plants.

The effect of seed provenance and organic fertilizer types on growth and yield of G2 potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Medians) seeds in Jatinangor medium plains

Potato growth is influenced by seed provenance and fertilization, but the availability of high-quality potato seeds is still limited. To overcome those challenges, solutions include using temperature-tolerant potato varieties from medium plains and applying organic fertilizers to improve potato growth and yield. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the interaction between seed provenance and application of organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of G2 potato seeds of the Medians cultivar in the Jatinangor medium plains. The research was conducted from June to October 2023 at the Ciparanje Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. The research design used was a Factorial Randomized Group Design (RBD). The first factor is the provenance of the potato seeds from the medium and high plains. The second factor is the type of organic fertilizer, namely chicken manure, cow manure, and guano fertilizer. The results showed that there was no interaction between the seed provenance and types of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of G2 potato seeds of the Medians cultivar in Jatinangor medium plains. The use of seeds from medium plains had a significant effect on plant height, plant dry weight, and the percentage of stolons forming tubers. The application of cow manures with a dose of 225 g gave the best effect on leaf area, the number of tubers, and the weight of tubers per plant.

Влияние биокомпоста на основе птичьего помета на продуктивность звена севооборота «яровой рапс → озимая рожь на зеленую массу»

One of the most accessible methods for producing environmentally safe organic fertilizer from poultry manure is its composting. This process balances the nutrient composition of the manure and reduces physical and gaseous losses by slowing down the mineralization of organic matter. Research on the preparation of biocompost based on poultry manure, obtained under different poultry housing systems and combined with sawdust, as well as its impact on the productivity of the crop rotation link "spring rapeseed → winter rye for green mass," was conducted under vegetative trial conditions at the experimental site of Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnical University. It was established that the biocompost, applied at doses of 20, 40, and 60 g per container (equivalent to 10, 20, and 30 tons/ha under production conditions), reliably increased the seed yield of spring rapeseed by 5.7–6.5 times. However, as soil fertility increased, the grain yield improved only slightly (by 10.3–2.9% compared to the previous variant). The most significant residual effect of the biocompost was observed in the variant with the highest dose (30 tons/ha), where the maximum biomass yield of winter rye was achieved (3.5 times higher than the control variant and 1.9 times higher than with the minimum biocompost dose). Keywords: BIOCOMPOST, SPRING RAPESEED, WINTER RYE, POULTRY MANURE, TOTAL BIOMASS YIELD, SEED YIELD

Scientific Aspects of Organic Soy Production in Ukraine

Abstract Taking into account European experience, theoretical and methodological foundations of scientific aspects of organic soybean production in Ukraine have been implemented, aimed at the greening of agriculture, through the preservation of natural soil fertility and the rational use of bioecosystems. It has been established that soybean production, through the introduction of bioorganic technologies, contributes to the improvement of agricultural culture, the restoration of soil fertility, and an increase in the amount of protein products and nutritious feeds. Experimental studies have proven that soil organic matter is a key indicator of its fertility, since it actively affects plant nutrition and improves the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the migration of chemical elements. The most important soil processes are closely related to the greening of the agricultural sector. It has been proven that the main source of organic matter for increasing soil fertility is the development of organic models of soybean growing technologies. It is substantiated that the agrobiological potential of these technologies in sustainable production zones of non-irrigated lands will contribute to the creation of a “Soybean belt”. A new stage in soybean production is proposed, which will allow rational use of the region’s hydrothermal resources, increase the gross yield of soybean seeds, promote the biologisation of agriculture and the production of high-quality and environmentally friendly products.