Moringa Oleifera Seeds Research Articles

SIRT1 Signaling Is Involved in the Vascular Improvement Induced by Moringa Oleifera Seeds during Aging.

Vascular aging is linked to reduce NO bioavailability, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. We previously showed that a 4-week treatment of middle-aged Wistar rats (MAWRs, 46 weeks old) with Moringa oleifera seed powder (MOI, 750 mg/kg/day) improved vascular function. Here, we investigated the involvement of SIRT1 in MOI-induced vascular improvement. MAWRs were treated with a standard or MOI-containing diet. Young rats (YWR, 16 weeks old) were the controls and received a standard diet. The hearts and aortas were harvested to evaluate SIRT1 and FOXO1 expression via Western blot and/or immunostaining, SIRT1 activity via a fluorometric assay, and oxidative stress using the DHE fluorescent probe. In the hearts and aortas, SIRT1 expression, reduced in MAWRs compared to YWRs, was enhanced in MOI MAWRs. In the hearts, SIRT1 activity did not differ between YWRs and MAWRs, whereas it was increased in MOI MAWRs compared with them. In the aortas, SIRT1 activity decreased in MAWRs, and it was similar in the MOI MAWRs and YWRs. FOXO1 expression increased in the nuclei of MAWR aortas compared to YWR and was reversed in MOI MAWRs. Interestingly, MOI treatment normalized oxidative stress enhanced in MAWRs, in both the heart and aorta. These results demonstrate the protective role of MOI against cardiovascular dysfunction due to aging via enhanced SIRT1 function and subsequently reduced oxidative stress.

Study progress on moringa seed oil with microemulsion: bibliometrics analysis of year 2012-2023

Transdermal drug delivery systems increase the effectiveness of a drug substance, and one of them is a microemulsion. Moringa oil has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis research on moringa oil formulated as microemulsions. A total of 5 English articles from the Scopus databases from 2012 to 2023 US sources were used in the bibliometrics analysis of Moringa oleifera seeds oil related to microemulsions. The bibliometrics analysis shows research trends, including the most used keywords depicted in visualizations using the VOSViewer application, article publishers, affiliations, and the author's country of origin. The most used keywords are microemulsions, microemulsion, Moringa oleifera, antioxidant activities, and antioxidants. The most publishers are Key Engineering Materials, the most affiliated are Chiang Mai University and Thamasat University, and most authors are from Thailand. The study of microemulsion formulations of Moringa seed oil has yet to be widely carried out but has been cited by other researchers.

Moringa oleifera Seed Addition Prior to Sludge Thickening for Supernatant Quality Improvement: Analyses of Clarification Performance and Toxicity

Low-cost and easily accessible sludge treatment technologies are necessary in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to evaluate the use of Moringa oleifera seed powder (MO) as a natural sludge conditioner for supernatant quality improvement prior to thickening as a result of gravity settling. The zone settling rate (ZSR) and sludge volume index (SVI) were used to evaluate the gravity settling capacity. Supernatant clarification was evaluated in terms of the capacity to remove turbidity, apparent colour, Escherichia coli, and organic matter associated with zeta potential evolution. The effects on the values of pH and electrical conductivity were also evaluated. Finally, the effects on the toxicity (chronic and acute) of the supernatant effluent were examined. A significant supernatant quality improvement was observed with the addition of MO. The ZSR (0.16 cm/min) and SVI (53 mL/g) results showed that the sludge had good sedimentability, and the addition of MO maintained these characteristics in a statistical manner. Increasing the MO dosage increased the zeta potential of the supernatant, resulting in an optimal dosage of 1.2 g/L, with a removal of 90% turbidity, 70% apparent colour, 99% E. coli, and 40% organic matter. The pH and electrical conductivity values did not change with increasing MO dosage, which is a competitive advantage of MO addition compared to iron and aluminium salt addition. A reduction in the ability to remove organic matter was observed at higher dosages of the natural coagulant due to the presence of residual MO in the final effluent. The optimal MO dosage of 1.2 g/L did not affect the acute or chronic toxicity of the supernatant. These results emphasized that M. oleifera seed powder can improve the supernatant quality and can potentially be a low-cost and easily accessible conditioner for wastewater sludge thickening.

SIRT1 signaling is involved in the vascular improvement induced by Moringa oleifera seeds during aging

SIRT1 signaling is involved in the vascular improvement induced by Moringa oleifera seeds during aging

The Potential of Moringa oleifera Seed in Water Coagulation-Flocculation Technique to Reduce Water Turbidity

Using a safe and easy-to-apply economic flocculant to replace alum is necessary to expand and enhance the water quality in rural regions where traditional water treatment is unavailable. The seed of Moringa oleifera is locally available in large volumes and is feasibly economical. A compatibility and applicability research of the easily accessible local Moringa oleifera seed extract (MOSE) was conducted to examine its potential utilization to lessen various degrees of water turbidity at 30 ± 2 °C. The study concerns the optimum dosage of MOSE to give high turbidity removal efficiency in the water. Experiments were carried out for nine turbidity samples: 5, 10, 15, 30, 50, 70, 100, 200, and 300 NTU. The turbidity removal efficiency of up to 89% was achieved for high initial turbid water 300 NTU. However, for low turbid water, its potential efficiency declined. The results demonstrate that the de-oiled extract is substantially more efficient than the crude extract in agglomerating colloidal particles of low initial turbidity samples and achieved up to 76% removal rate. The results of the ANOVA confirmed that the regression model was significant at (p < 0.05) for residual turbidity after the treatment process. The study also demonstrates that a pseudo-first-order kinetic model matched well the nature of the removal of colloidal particles with MOSE in water to form flocs. The study also indicates that the characteristics of water treated with crude MOSE produce little change in electrical conductivity and salinity. However, the hardness and alkalinity of water decreased significantly depending on the initial hardness and the amount of MOSE applied (p < 0.05).

3.Toxicity of methanol seed extract of Moringa Oleifera on Haematological indices of Albino Wistar rats.

Introduction: The effect of methanol extract of Moringa Oleifera seeds were determined in albino wistar rats, though several research works have been conducted on the Moringa Oleifera leaves extract however there is limited data available on the effect of the seeds extract on haematological parameters . This study was conducted to investigate the phytochemical, hematological and toxicological effect of extract of Moringa oleifera seeds in albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods:: Thirty healthy albino wistar rats weighing between one hundred and twenty and one hundred and seventy grams randomized into five groups of six rats each and ad libitum with Moringa oleifera diets for fourteen days after two weeks of acclimatization in control. The groups were classified on varying concentrations of 25mg/kg,50mg/kg,100mg/kg ,125mg/kg and control for groups A,B,C,D,E respectively.The total white blood cells ,Red blood cells, Haemoglobin values, Haematocrit and Platelet count tests were carried out using Haematology auto-analyzer ,phytochemical and histological evaluations of any toxicities of Moringa oleifera seeds extract in albino Wistar rats were also investigated. Results:Phytochemicals such as tannins ,saponin,alkaloid/glucoside were found in low, moderate and high concentrations respectively in methanol extract of the Moringa oleifera seeds . The Red Blood Cells,Haemoglobin and Haematocrit values were significantly increased (p&lt;0.05) with decreased Total white cell count for group A on day eight of the administration when compared to the control group. The extract however did not significantly (p&gt;0.05) affect any parameter on day fifteen compared to the control group and day eight. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera seeds extract demonstrated dose and time dependent haemopoietic properties.

Influence of priming treatments on seed germination and growth characteristics of Moringa oleifera seedlings under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

Seed priming is the treatment of seeds with various priming substances to improve germination and seedling quality, and plant growth. The procedure entails advancing the seed to an equivalent stage of the germination process to achieve rapid and uniform emergence when planted, which is required in the case of Moringa oleifera to reduce the damage of ageing seeds, stimulate their performance, and overcome uneven germination rate due to seedcoat hardening, that leads to wide variation in terms of commercial qualities in the planting field. Therefore, a series of seed priming experiments were conducted to determine the optimal methods of priming treatments that maximise Moringa oleifera total germination, germination rate, and seedling vigour. Moringa oleifera seeds were treated with hydropriming, osmopriming (KNO3), and nutripriming (SeedActivator) for 4, 8, and 12 hrs. Germinability was improved by priming treatments. Results indicated that the highest germination percentage was recorded on seeds subjected to hydropriming (63.25%), followed by nutripriming (61.75%) and osmopriming (60%) with the exact duration of 4 hrs soaking time. All pre-germination treatments have significantly early mean germination days (MGT) compared to the unprimed seeds. In the seed pouch study, seeds treated with hydropriming for 4 hrs had shown the best results to improve roots growth in total root length (cm), root volume (cm3 ), the number of forks, and the number of crossings with 240.52 cm vs. 163.64 cm, 0.47 cm3 vs. 0.29 cm3 , 517.80 vs. 271.47 and 59.20 vs. 28.53 respectively when compared to unprimed seeds. The positive effect of priming can also be seen in the seedling growth of M. oleifera grown in a pot with two different growing media.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Protein from Moringa oleifera Seeds and Its Impact on Techno-Functional Properties.

Plant proteins can be an important alternative to animal proteins subject to minor modification to address sustainability issues. The impact of ultrasound application on the yield, techno-functional properties, and molecular characteristics of protein extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds was studied. For this purpose, a central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters such as amplitude (25-75%), solute-to-solvent ratio (1:10-1:30), and pH (9-13) for obtaining the maximum protein yield. At the optimized conditions of 75% amplitude, 1:20 solute-to-solvent ratio, and 11 pH, a protein yield of 39.12% was obtained in the UAE process. Moreover, the best sonication time at optimized conditions was 20 min, which resulted in about 150% more extraction yield in comparison to conventional extraction (CE). The techno-functional properties, for instance, solubility, water (WHC)- and oil-holding capacity (OHC), and emulsifying and foaming properties of the protein obtained from UAE and CE were also compared. The functional properties revealed high solubility, good WHC and OHC, and improved emulsifying properties for protein obtained from UAE. Although protein from UAE provided higher foam formation, foaming stability was significantly lower.

PFAS removal from water by adsorption with alginate-encapsulated plant albumin and rice straw-derived biochar

Adsorption using conventional activated carbon is considered an effective and practical method for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) removal from contaminated water. However, this application can be limited by long equilibrium times, poor performance in adsorbing short-chain PFAS, and compromised adsorption in the presence of other organic compounds. In this work, rice straw-derived biochar and albumin extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds were compared after encapsulation into alginate beads which were then investigated for removing two PFAS compounds, PFOS (long-chain) and PFBS (short-chain), from aqueous solutions. The effect of albumin and biochar concentrations and the influence of different pre-treatment conditions of biochar production on PFAS removal efficiency were investigated. The batch test results showed a high removal efficiency for PFOS with 1.5 g L−1 of either albumin-alginate beads (up to 87 %) or biochar-alginate composite beads (up to 99 %) for <16 h. While PFBS removal by albumin-alginate composite beads was low (10 %), the diammonium phosphate treated biochar–alginate beads achieved nearly 40 % in <48 h, outperforming some previously reported natural material-based adsorbents that were tested under similar experimental conditions. Adsorption with biochar-alginate beads appeared not to be pH dependent, and the presence of NOM (natural organic matter) did not greatly reduce the removal of either PFOS or PFBS. Hydrophobic sorption was shown to dominate over the electrostatic interaction in the PFAS adsorption. Overall, the potential of the rice straw-derived biochar-alginate beads for the remediation of PFAS in aqueous systems was demonstrated.

Purification, Identification, and Mechanistic Investigation of Novel Selenium-Enriched Antioxidant Peptides from Moringa oleifera Seeds.

In this study, five novel Se-enriched antioxidant peptides (FLSeML, LSeMAAL, LASeMMVL, SeMLLAA, and LSeMAL) were purified and identified from Se-enriched Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) seed protein hydrolysate. The five peptides showed excellent cellular antioxidant activity, with respective EC50 values of 0.291, 0.383, 0.662, 0.1, and 0.123 μg/mL. The five peptides (0.025 mg/mL) increased the cell viability from 78.72 to 90.71, 89.16, 93.92, 83.68, and 98.29%, respectively, effectively reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation and significantly increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in damaged cells. Molecular docking results revealed that the five novel Se-enriched peptides interacted with the key amino acid of Keap1, thus directly blocking the interaction of Keap1-Nrf2 and activating the antioxidant stress response to enhance the ability of scavenging free radicals in vitro. In conclusion, Se-enriched M. oleifera seed peptides exhibited significant antioxidant activity and can be expected to find widespread use as a highly active natural functional food additive and ingredient.

Tandem mass tag-based proteomics technology provides insights into multi-targeted mechanism of peptide MOp2 from Moringa oleifera seeds against Staphylococcus aureus

Our previous study proved that the peptide MOp2 from Moringa oleifera seeds exhibited membrane-damaging effects on Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, TMT-based proteomics technology was mainly used to investigate the antimicrobial mechanism of MOp2 against S. aureus. A total of 541 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in S. aureus treated with MOp2, among which 256 and 285 DEPs were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. They were mainly involved in inositol phosphate metabolism, S. aureus infection, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), and phosphotransferase system (PTS) and acted as ABC transporters and ribosomes. Moreover, the decreasing AKP activity indicated that MOp2 affected cell wall biosynthesis, and excessive ROS accumulation caused apoptosis, resulting in DNA fragmentation, nuclear morphological changes, and phosphatidylserine externalization. Additionally, molecular docking showed that MOp2 could interact with eight DEPs, including ProC, QoxB, SOD2, DnaK, GroEL, RplY, AcpS, and FabG, indicating that MOp2 might act on these molecular targets, leading to increased cell permeability, oxidative damage, impaired protein synthesis, cell wall synthesis obstruction, and energy metabolism disorder. Overall, these findings provided new insights into the multi-targeted mechanism of MOp2 against S. aureus, and could provide a theoretical basis for its application as a novel food preservative and antibiotic substitute.

Antihypertensive activity of Moringa oleifera seeds hydroalcoholic extract on high sodium diet-induced hypertension in Wistar Rat

Our objective was to study the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera seeds on high blood pressure in Wistar rat. After 21 days of a high sodium diet, the value of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased from 87. 2 ± 1.96 / 58 ± 0.89 mm to 200.8 ± 0.49 /151.2 ± 1.2 mm Hg (p &lt; 0.05). Administered orally, the extract reduces the high blood pressure of hypertensive rats. It returns to its normal value after 19 days for the control batch, versus 9, 6, and 3 days for the animals treated with the extract at doses 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (P &lt; 0.05). The extract also has a diuretic activity; the 24 h urinary volume increases from 4.8 ± 0.14 ml in control group, versus 6.85 ± 0.1, 8.3 ± 0.13 and 10.7 ± 0.5 ml in groups treated with the extract at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p &lt; 0.05), while natriuresis increases from 2.06 ± 0.05 mEq/L in control group, versus 2.92 ± 0.05; 6.82 ± 0.11 and 10.73 ± 0.17 mEq/L in animals treated with the extract at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p &lt; 0.05). In vitro, it relaxes the isolated aorta contracted with norepinephrine at the concentration of 10-5 M in the bath, with EC50 equal to 2.06 mg/ml (p &lt; 0.05). These results show that the hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera seeds has antihypertensive activity through its diuretic and vasodilator effects.

Antihypertensive activity of Moringa oleifera seeds hydroalcoholic extract on high sodium diet-induced hypertension in Wistar Rat

Antihypertensive activity of Moringa oleifera seeds hydroalcoholic extract on high sodium diet-induced hypertension in Wistar Rat

The Dual Performance of Moringa Oleifera Seeds as Eco-Friendly Natural Coagulant and as an Antimicrobial for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

In this review, collected information related to Moringa Oleifera seeds was evaluated, such as their properties and the main active components involved in their processes, as well as their dual efficiency as both antimicrobials and natural coagulants for treating contaminated effluents. Furthermore, discussions were completed about perspectives on progress related to this field of research to understand the bioactive properties of these seed compounds, including their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity. In addition to the coagulant properties that have been quantitatively assessed, studies have examined the underlying coagulating mechanism, and seed processing techniques. In addition, the challenges associated with the use of conventional coagulants (metals or polymers) have led to numerous research efforts towards the development of natural plant-based coagulants that are eco-friendly to treat wastewater and offer a large variety of other advantages, such as their wide availability, the reduction of by-product generation, the reduction of costs, and greater biodegradability. Based on the results of different researchers, and regarding the appraisals using Moringa Oleifera seeds for wastewater treatment processes, many studies encourage their use for those operations. Due to their extensive and potent properties as an antibacterial and a coagulant, Moringa Oleifera seeds are still used today as a promising wastewater treatment method. Finally, this paper provides suggestions and comments, as well as identifies the knowledge gaps, and makes recommendations for future research development strategies, such as studying the contents of Moringa Oleifera seeds, their interactions with colloids present in wastewater, understanding their stability and behavior, assessing the performance of seed-derived flocculants according to pH values, isolating and characterizing the active compounds to determine the toxicity and optimum dose to be used as effective antimicrobials, and removing heavy metals.

Effects of adding Moringa oleifera seeds on the performance and production of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of utilizing Moringa oleifera at various inclusion levels in fish meal-based diets for common carp fish. In this study, we employed seeds at various concentrations, such as 2% Moringa oleifera seeds (MOS) for T2, 4% MOS for T3, and 6% MOS for T4, in comparison to control treatment T1 without it (0% MOS). The treatment T4 substantially (P&gt; 0.05) reached the highest specific growth rate, which was recorded at (0.781%), before dropping to records of (0.689%, 0.610%, and 0.229%) for treatments T3, T2, and the control group T1. Additionally, Treatment (T4) had the highest relative growth rate (13.25%), which then decreased to records of (11.21%, 9.567%, and 3.033%) for Treatments (T3), T2, and Control Treatment (T1), respectively. The treatment T4 reached the maximum value of the daily growth rate, which was recorded at (0.283%), before dropping to records of (0.238), (0.2203), and (0.063%) for the treatments T3, T2, and the control treatmentT1, respectively. Treatment (T4) had the highest reported value of the ultimate body weight, coming in at 49.44g. After then, it started to fall, and records of 45.49g for Treatments (T3), 42.43g for Treatments (T2), and 30.51g for Control Treatment were made (T1). The total recorded feed intake for treatment (T4) was 7.54g, which was the highest value. Following that, it began to decrease, and measurements of 7.07g for Treatments (T3), 6.77g for Treatments (T2), and 5.83g for Control Treatment were made (T1). The body gained weight to its highest ever recorded level of 92.74g as a result of treatment (T4). It then began to decline, with records of 78.43g for Treatments (T3), 66.96g for Treatments (T2), and 22.21g for Control Treatment (T1). Significantly, Treatment (T4) contributed to the feed conversion ratio increasing to 3.16%, the highest level ever recorded. After that, it started to go down, with records of 2.83% for Treatments (T3), 2.51% for Treatments (T2), and 0.92% for Control Treatment (T1). Contrarily, partly as a result of the Control Treatment, the Feed Efficiency Ratio improved to 1.09%, the highest level ever recorded (T1). After that, it began to decline, with records of 0.39 percent for Treatments (T2), 0.35 percent for Treatments (T3), and 0.32 percent for Treatment (T4). The effect of the treatment caused the Protein Efficiency Ratio to rise sharply to its highest recorded value of 0.81%. (T4). After then, it started to fall, with records for Treatments (T3) of 0.68 percent, Treatments (T2) of 0.59 percent, and Control Treatment of 0.19 percent (T1). The greatest level of Protein Productive Value was likewise attained by Treatment (T4), which was 3.65%; thereafter, Treatments (T3), T2, and Control Treatment (T1) each achieved records of 3.32%, 2.98%, and 3.33 %. The maximum Fat Efficiency Ratio was attained by Treatment (T3) (10.49%), but it thereafter dropped to records for Treatments (T4), (T2), and Control Treatment (T1) of 8.43%, 7.75%, and 1.70%, respectively. The aim of this study is for the purpose of providing healthy nutrition requirements for fish. It concludes that T4 treatment which contains 6% moringa seeds was the best ratio to obtain best growth performance for common carp.

Agro-waste-based functionalized and economic adsorbents for the effective treatment of toxic contaminants from tannery effluent

The present investigation explored two novel adsorbents, i.e., hydroxyapatite (HAP) and moringa-modified activated carbon (MMAC) from eggshell and moringa (Moringa oleifera) seeds, respectively, for the treatment of tannery effluents (TE). Particular emphasis was given to Cr(VI) adsorption when varying equilibration time, effluent pH, initial concentration of Cr(VI) and temperature. The adsorbents' characteristics suggested significant Cr(VI) accumulation onto the adsorbent's surface, whereas adsorption modelling recommended pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Langmuir models fitted well with the experimental data based on the regression coefficient (R2) values with minimum errors. The surface complexation model (SCM) indicated that speciation of Cr(VI) sorbed complexes formed an inner-sphere compound dominated by acidic pH, validated by pHpzc. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of Cr(VI) were accounted to be 295 and 280 mg/g for HAP and MMAC, correspondingly. Interestingly, both adsorbents effectively removed other metallic ions; Fe, Pd, Cu and Zn removal was 85 %, while Cd, Ni, and Mn removal was 70 %. The Cr(VI) adsorption processes followed chemisorption mechanisms dominated by the surface complexation phenomenon. The performance of a 100 L packed-bed reactor was evaluated, and the breakthrough time of Cr(VI) adsorption for both adsorbents was 15 min. The adsorbents had splendid regeneration capacities and could be re-used numerous times. In essence, the present study concludes that both adsorbents are highly effective at removing Cr(VI) and other contaminants. The adsorbents are innovative and economical and can be one of the breakthrough feasible options for treating toxic contaminants in a large-scale TE.

Role of Moringa oleifera seeds and food supplement on some biochemical parameters in male rats

The present study was investigated the antioxidant capacity of Moringa oleifera Seeds (MOS), its impact on the Male Albino rats, and its comparison with Food supplement (FS). The study provided 15 Rats, and according to different feeding foods, the rats are divided into three groups; MOS, FS, and normal Rat's food as a control group. Samples (urine and serum) were collected from each rat after intake MOS, FS and normal food for 85 days then biochemical analysis were performed such as liver enzymes (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein (HDL), Triglycerides (TG), and Total Cholesterol (TC)), (Tp and Alb). Moreover, it determined mineral contents of MOS, FS, and normal rat's food by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). It also detects total antioxidant capacities in MOS, which were evaluated through using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assays. Statistical analysis showed the final body weight significantly increased in FS group compared to MOS and control groups. The TP and Alb levels revealed a significant difference between groups in both serum and urine samples. Liver function parameters raised significantly in FS group when compared with Mos and control group. Moreover, it was evaluated of higher concentration of Potassium and Magnesium in MOS when compared with FS group and control group. PPH scavenging capacity in MOS. We conclude that MOS is healthy and rich with Potassium and Magnesium, which can be used as an antioxidant source. While FS has side effects on rats' kidneys and liver, although the FS increases body weight compared to other groups.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of some local plant extracts in improving the quality of unsafe water consumed in developing countries

This study highlights the possibility of using plant extracts as biocoagulants to replace aluminum sulfate in the process of raw water potabilization. For this purpose, nine plants were identified by an investigation and their effectiveness was evaluated in the laboratory by coagulation/flocculation on surface waters. Out of the nine plants identified, five extracts showed a very low coagulant activity in the reduction of water samples turbidity (maximum abatement of 1.03%): These were the seeds of Acacia nilotica, Adansonia digitata, Balanites aegyptiaca, Tamarindus indica and leaves of Capparis corymbosa. Two extracts showed an average activity, namely Aloe vera sap (20.7%) and Opuntia ficus indica sap (32.25%). Two other extracts which are Moringa oleifera seeds and Boscia senegelensis seeds, showed a very good activity (84.83% and 82.97%, respectively after 1 h of decantation). By fixing the optimal concentration of 1 g/L for the treatment with Moringa oleifera seeds, a water of 4.6 NTU was obtained after 2 h of decantation, which was about 98% of abatement. The treatment with Boscia senegelensis seeds also allowed us to obtain for 2.5 g/L a water of 4.9 NTU after 2 h of decantation. The combined action of Moringa and Boscia biocoagulants, and cactus and Aloe mucilages reduced the decanting time to 15 min. These two treatments induced a slight increase of the minerals initially present in the water and a reduction of almost 99% of the pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, Boscia senegelensis and Moringa oleifera seeds appear as very effective biocoagulants compared to aluminum sulfate, hence they constitute an alternative to the lack of access to drinking water especially for developing countries.

Plant seed–based bio-coagulant development and application for fecal sludge treatment and biogas production improvement

Plant seed–based bio-coagulant development and application are promising for fecal sludge treatment and biogas production improvement. However, improving methane yield in anaerobic digestion processes is an important research direction. This work addresses the development and application of Cucumeropsis mannii and Luffa acutangula seed proteins as novel bio-coagulants for fecal sludge concentration to increase the biogas yield. Their seeds’ protein content was determined and extracted using 1 M (NaCl), then isolated and precipitated by ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2 SO4], and purified using a dialysis process. Their coagulation/flocculation was compared to Moringa oleifera and Cucurbita pepo seeds as the primary treatment for the fecal sludge concentration. Optimal coagulant dosages of 20 mg/L at pH 7.25 increased the total solids from 0.4 to 2.8% and obtained 180 to 340 mL/L of fecal sludge volume per liter. Their bio-coagulant effect on the supernatant water reduced 76.48 to 96.88% of turbidity, 71.20 to 88.76% of COD, and 81.33 to 95.30% of ammonia–nitrogen. The biomethane potential result has shown that plant seed–based bio-coagulants are effective and produce substrates potentially favorable to increased methane yield in anaerobic digestion with 350.5 to 465.3 NmL CH4/gVS, by a ratio 2:1 on VS, compared to the FS without bio-coagulant treatment with a specific methane yield of 192.8 NmL CH4/gVS.

Effect of Urtica dioica leaves and Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds on glucose and lipid Profile in the blood of males albino rats exposed to toxicity by cadmium chloride and lead acetate

The current study in Veterinary Medicine College in kirkuk University and kirkuk hosbital for period from 2-2-2015 end 28-12-2015, and designed to observe and test the preventive and Therapy effects for powder of Urtica dioica leaves and Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds in healthy adult males albino rats that exposed to cadmium chloride (5 mg/kg of body weight) and lead acetate (50 mg/kg of body weight) and the amount of the transaction over the period (30) days on Profile of blood lipids, randomly divided into (18) groups, each group included (5) animals. Giving the powder of Urtica dioica leaves and Moringa oleifera seeds led significant decrease (P˂0.05) in concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and significant increase (P˂0.05) in HDL-C, While administration of Moringa oleifera leaf powder for animal groups to the same previous results, whereas did not show significant differences (p˃0.05) in glucose, TG, HDL-C, malondia-ldehyde (MDA) and VLDL-C all of these in comparison with the normal control group. The groups that given cadmium chloride and lead acetate caused a significant increase in the TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant decrease in HDL-C in comparison with the normal control group. But compariing of these groups with the groups that administrated only Urtica dioica leaves and Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds led to significant decrease in HDL-C. and a significant increase in the TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C. The groups of animals which treated with the powder of these plants under study before and after of exposed to each of cadmium chloride and lead acetate showed a positive effect on the Profile of blood lipids.