Seeds Of Medicinal Plants Research Articles

“Deterioration” and “aging” can modify or breakdown the phytochemical and biochemical characteristics of green cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), although their effects differ

Deterioration of medicinal plant and herb's spices seeds has two important aspects; its impact on viability and its influence on food and medicine feedstock. So, in this study was investigated of phytochemical and biochemical composition of green cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) were evaluated under natural seed storage (NSS) for one and two years and accelerated seed aging process (ASA) for 24, 48, 72 and 96h. Oil percent declined by prolonging ageing duration. The highest amount was measured in control (21.60 %) and the lowest amounts in 2Y NSS (17.83 %) and 96h ASA (15.83 %). There was no significant difference among all treatments in unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) terms, yet percent of saturated fatty acids (SFA) rose by severe ageing condition. Among fatty acids, NSS had a strong correlation with oleic acid (C18:1) (R2 = 0.99 %), while ASA was correlation with stearic acid (C18:0) (R2 = 84 %). Total phenolic content, and under severe ageing were found in cumin. In the oil and essential oil (EO), DPPH showed an ascending trend in NSS treatments and a descending trend in ASA treatments. Additionally, the maximum IC50 was observed in the oil treatment, being approximately 8.6 times higher than that of the EO. 85 %–90 % of the EO compounds present in all treatments consisted of Myrcene, p-Cymene, Cumin aldehyde, and γ-Terpinene-7-al. NSS led to a significant increase in Cumin aldehyde (R2 = 0.99), indicating that enhancing the aroma of green cumin is subject to a period of cumin fruit storage. Finally, it is concluded that ASA can simulate NSS induced changes in oil content, EO components and antioxidant capacity.

Socialization, cultivation, and utilization of empty land for family medicinal plants

The prevalence of illness complaints among the Indonesian population is 228.15 percent, with 65.01 percent opting for self-treatment using synthetic drugs, while 38.30 percent prefer traditional medicine. The use of traditional medicines in communities, including in Katimbang Village, remains significantly lower compared to synthetic alternatives. A comprehensive strategy is needed to enhance public knowledge and understanding of how to obtain and utilize traditional medicine from medicinal plants found around the home. This socialization and cultivation activity was conducted at Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) RW 04, Katimbang Village, involving 21 community members. The event included a socialization session on family medicinal plants, pre- and post-tests, QA discussions, and the planting of 50 medicinal plant seeds, with participation from students and local residents. Statistical tests revealed the success of this intervention in improving participants' understanding of medicinal plants, with an average pre-test score of 8.4762 increasing to 8.6190 in the post-test. More than 50 percent of participants scored ≥80 in the post-test. The success of this outreach and planting activity provides a strong foundation for further increasing public awareness of the use of medicinal plants as complementary treatments for various illnesses.

Cryopreservation of Medicinal Plant Seeds: Strategies for Genetic Diversity Conservation and Sustainability.

The depletion of medicinal plant resources leads to the irreversible loss of their genetic diversity. The preservation of medicinal plant germplasm using cryobanks is crucial for maintaining the sustainability of these resources. This study examined the efficacy of cryopreservation on 164 medicinal plant seeds, identified general principles for preserving medicinal plant seeds at ultra-low temperatures, and established a cryobank for dry-sensitive medicinal plant seeds. Over 90% of orthodox seeds were unaffected by freezing, with optimal conditions being a 5-10% moisture content and direct freezing. Intermediate seeds were best frozen with a 7-15% moisture content, and those with a lower initial moisture content were best suited to direct freezing. While recalcitrant seeds' freezing was most influenced by moisture content, there was no specific range. Direct freezing is appropriate for recalcitrant seeds possessing a hard seed coat and a firm seed kernel, whereas seeds with a brittle or soft seed coat are better suited for vitrification or stepwise freezing methods. There was no significant correlation between alterations in physiological and biochemical indicators and microscopic structures of seeds before and following liquid nitrogen freezing, as well as their storage characteristics. The findings of this research offer evidence in favor of the extended conservation of plant seeds and the extensive utilization of ultra-low temperature technology and provides an example of protecting the genetic diversity of plant resources.

Solvent polarity effects on extraction yield, phenolic content, and antioxidant properties of Malvaceae family seeds: a comparative study

ABSTRACT The selection of appropriate solvents in the extraction process plays a crucial role in determining the nature and quantity of secondary metabolites extracted from medicinal plants. This study investigates the impact of solvent polarity on the extraction yield, phenolic content, and antioxidant properties of seeds from four plants belonging to the Malvaceae family: Abutilon fruticosum, Abutilon pannosum, Sida ovata and Malvastrum coromendelianum. The seed powder of each species was subjected to extraction using solvents with varying polarities, including acetone, chloroform, methanol, and water. Physicochemical analysis, extraction yield, quantitative phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were assessed. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the choice of extracting solvents significantly influenced (p < 0.05) extraction yield, phenolic content, and antioxidant properties. In conclusion, water and methanol emerged as the most effective solvents for achieving high extraction yields, phenolic compound content, and free radical scavenging activities. The results demonstrated a robust correlation between total phenolic content (mg of Gallic acid equivalent/g of sample) and free radical scavenging activity (IC50). The study highlights the substantial impact of solvent type, suggesting the potential benefits of using a combination of polar and nonpolar solvents to enhance the extraction efficiency of phytochemicals, phenolic content and antioxidant quality from medicinal plant seeds. Future investigations should focus on isolating and identifying active secondary metabolites from these extracts.

Ice crystals and oxidative stress affect the viability of Areca catechu seeds following cryopreservation

This study aimed to examine the effects of ice crystals and oxidative stress on seed viability in the context of cryopreservation, with the ultimate goal of identifying potential solutions to address the persistently low regeneration rate observed in recalcitrant medicinal plant seeds following cryopreservation. Using differential scanning calorimetry technology alongside seeds germination at different moisture levels after cryopreservation helped determine the best moisture content and freezing process for Areca catechu seeds. Seeds with 17–21 % moisture content and treated with PVS2 vitrification solution showed higher survival rates after cryopreservation. The oxidative markers of A. catechu seed embryos exhibited alterations due to vitrification freezing. However, there was no substantial association between seed viability and oxidative markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting that oxidative damage mediated by ROS is not the primary factor contributing to the diminished viability of A. catechu seeds following cryopreservation. The inclusion of vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), and 2-nitrobenzoic acid in the vitrification cryoprotectant achieved some improvement in seed viability of approximately 10 times, with GSH exhibiting the most pronounced optimizing effect.

Health Care Empowerment in Increasing Community Knowledge Regarding Family Medicine Plants (Toga) for the Prevention of Hypertension at Puskesmas Dadok Tunggul Hitam, Padang

Hypertension is often referred to as "the silent killer" because it often goes without complaints, so sufferers do not know that they have hypertension but then find that they already have a disease or complications from hypertension. Hypertension treatment or prevention can be done traditionally using Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA). TOGA is increasingly preferred because of its low side effects and is more suitable for various metabolic and degenerative diseases. An area with a high incidence of hypertension is the Dadok Tunggul Hitam Padang Community Health Center. The high incidence of hypertension in this area is because people do not comply with the diet of hypertensive patients and do not know the correct treatment methods. Thus, it is essential to educate people in the area about the treatment of hypertension using family medicinal plants. The activity was carried out on 28 July 2023 by conducting a pretest first to determine the community's understanding before providing intervention, then continuing with providing education and handing over Family Medicinal Plant (TOGA) seeds to hypertension patients and at the end of the session a posttest was carried out again. The results were that public knowledge before education was 65% and after education was 100%. There was increasing in knowledge scores because people were enthusiastic about participating in education. The suggestion for the community health center is to monitor the results of this education.

Fatty acids in Plantago asiatica seeds are responsible for the production of the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide

Background: Plantago asiatica L. (Plantaginaceae) commonly grows in East Asia, with its seeds (Shazenshi), having been used as diuretic and anti-inflammatory drugs in traditional Japanese medicine. It is not known which constituents of P. asiatica seeds elicit the anti-inflammatory effects, such as reduced expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in interleukin (IL)-1β-treated hepatocytes which leads to a reduction in the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO). Objective: To identify the anti-inflammatory constituents of P. asiatica seeds, the anti-inflammatory activity of purified constituents was determined by assaying NO production in IL-1β-treated hepatocytes. Methods: P. asiatica seeds were extracted with 50% methanol and successively fractionated into three crude fractions with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol. The compounds were methylated and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were prepared by collagenase perfusion, and P. asiatica seed extract (PASE), a fraction, or a compound was added to the culture medium with IL-1β and incubated at 37 °C. Potency of each fraction was determined by the Griess method for measuring the levels of nitrite in the medium. Results: PASE suppressed IL-1β-induced NO production without showing cytotoxicity, and an EtOAc-soluble fraction of PASE significantly inhibited NO production. GC–MS analysis detected 26 distinct fatty acids as their methyl esters in this fraction. Among them, three unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, and α-linolenic acids) and palmitic acid were abundant. These unsaturated fatty acids are known to reduce NO levels. In contrast, acteoside and aucubin, which are thought to be present in the n-butanol-soluble fraction, showed only a low level of NO production suppression. Conclusion: The EtOAc-soluble fraction of PASE included many fatty acids, which may suppress the production of NO. The results imply that the anti-inflammatory activity of P. asiatica seeds may be produced by three unsaturated fatty acids. Because the fatty acids are abundant in the seeds of medicinal plants, they are likely to contribute to anti-inflammatory activity of the seeds. Keywords: Plantain seed, polyunsaturated fatty acid, Kampo medicine, hepatocyte, nitric oxide.

Перспективные лекарственные растения Ботанического сада Тувинского государственного университета

Abstract. Relevance. Currently, the revival of the medicinal plant industry at the state level is underway in Russia. One of the priorities of the Botanical Garden of Tuvan State University is the introduction of medicinal plants. Purpose: to study the biological and ecological features of the introduction of medicinal plants in the conditions of Tuvan State University Botanical Garden. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the seeds of medicinal plants: Siberian motherwort and Mongolian astragalus. In the open ground, beds measuring 8×1.2 m2 were planted in 1000 pieces. seeds in each bed. Monitoring, watering and care are currently underway. Before planting the seeds, they were calibrated. The seed material of Siberian motherwort was provided by the customer by the Center for the Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Moscow), and the seeds of Mongolian astragalus were provided by the Altai branch of the Association of Producers and Consumers of Traditional Herbal and Medicinal Products in 2019. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the medicinal plants successfully passed the introduction test in the soil and climatic conditions of the Tuvan State University Botanical Garden and turned out to be the most frost-resistant. Conclusion. Tuva, with its special natural and climatic conditions, the presence of almost all natural zones - from deserts to alpine meadows, is an excellent testing ground for growing high–quality medicinal raw materials. This makes it possible to put Tuva in a number of promising regions in the introduction of medicinal plants. From 2018 to the present, the staff of the Tuvan State University Botanical Garden has been carrying out research work on the cultivation of medicinal plants and seed collection. The methods of growing medicinal plants used in the pharmacopoeia of traditional and folk medicine are studied in relation to the conditions of the Republic of Tyva.

CORRECTION OF SOWING QUALITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS SEEDS WITH ECHINACEIA EXTRACTS

The paper presents experimental data on the effect of echinacea extracts on the sowing qualities of medicinal herbs. The biological activity of extracts obtained from the areal part (EAP) and rhizomes with roots (ERS) of pale echinacea was investigated. The object of study was the sowing quality of the seeds of such medicinal plants as blue cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), purple echinacea (Echinacea purpurea (L. Moench.), pale echinacea (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.), St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), forest mallow (Malva sylvestris L.), which are of industrial importance for medicinal plants. The seeds were soaked in 0.01%-0.0001% solutions of extracts, under the control they were treated with water, after that they were germinated in Petri dishes by generally accepted methods according to the standards. The best results were obtained in mallow seed extracts. The solution of EAP at a concentration of 0.001% increased the energy of germination by 19.2% compared to the control, and when using ERS in all concentrations, a positive effect was obtained (by 18.2 %-23.6% to the control). Germination of variants treated with EAP solutions increased by 1.12-1.21 times, and ERS – by 1.09-1.21 times. Treatment of Echinacea purple seeds with EAP solutions was not effective, but rhizome extract treatment with roots had a positive effect on both germination energy and germination resulting 12.0%-17.3% and 8.3%-9.5% compared to the control, respectively. Similar regularities were observed in variants with the treatment of Echinacea seeds with extracts in different concentrations. The action of EAP solutions did not statistically exceed the control, but when using ERS, the results reliably exceeded the control by 10.8%-13.8% (germination energy) and by 11.0%-17.8% (germination). Treatment of St. John’s wort and cornflower seeds with extracts did not lead to changes in seed quality indicators. A general trend of greater activity of extracts in concentrations of 0.01%-0.001% was observed.

Establishing the optimal parameters of determining the sicklepod seed germination (Astragalus falcatus Lam.)

Establishing the good quality of the seed material and the sowing qualities of the seeds is one of the important aspects of the successful cultivation of sicklepod. At the same time, control of the seed material of medicinal plants, the requirements of which must be consistent with the international standards and the requirements of the «Guidelines on good cultivation and harvesting practice» (GACP) of raw materials of plant origin is impossible without establishing methods for determining its seed qualities. Special attention in the study of these issues should be paid to the seeds of medicinal plants that are grown in culture for a short time, such as sicklepod (Astragalus falcatus Lam.). It should be noted that germination is a standardised and most important indicator of seed quality, which is the basic indicator for the purchase and sale of seeds and the release of seeds for sowing. After all, germination rate established by the standard ensures normal germination of seeds in field conditions, formation of optimal crop density and crop yield. However the conducted patent search – analysis of scientific literature and regulatory documents – showed that in Ukraine for a wide range of medicinal and essential oil crops, in particular sicklepod, there are no regulatory documents (current standards) on methods of determining sowing qualities and technical conditions for seeds. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to establish the peculiarities of sicklepod seed germination determining using standard procedures and methods that are applied in domestic and international practice. The methodological approaches used for other crops in regulatory documents both in force in Ukraine and abroad were taken into account. The optimal parameters for determining the germination energy and germination rate of sicklepod seeds were experimentally determined. It was established that the optimal substrate is filter paper, and the germination method – on the filter. The optimal temperature regime for germination is variable (+20–30 °C) temperatures. Accounting periods: germination energy – 5 days, germination – 12 days. Key words: sicklepod, sowing qualities of seeds, determination methods, germination, substrate, germination method, temperature regime.

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI POINT OF SALE TANAMAN HIAS BERBASIS WEB DI ANUGRAH HIJAU FLORIST &amp; NURSERY

The development of information technology is currently growing very rapidly, the advancement of information technology has triggered large and small companies to use information technology as a tool to face and win the competition which is increasingly fierce and competitive. Anugrah Hijau Florist &amp; Nursery is a business that is engaged in the sale of ornamental plants and provides various kinds of medicinal plant products, seeds, fertilizers, and plant care needs. The sales method used by Anugrah Hijau Florist &amp; Nursery currently buyers come directly to the location. The management of the transaction process used today is still conventional, there is no digital media to accommodate product data or sales and purchase transactions, the slow processing of sales transactions, and relying on catalog books makes plant data out of sequence which results in decreased employee performance and delayed reporting. The problem that will be studied in this research is about the design of the Point of Sale application that can change the transaction process that is still manual or conventional into digitalization. By using the UML method, the SDLC Prototype model, making Point of Sale applications can communicate well between developers and customers, developers can work better in determining customer needs, customers play an active role in system development, implementation becomes easier because users know what they expect. This application also uses the Laravel Framework to improve the development process which is getting faster and saves more time. The results obtained from this study are that the sales transaction process is more effective and efficient, product data and sales and purchase transactions are stored properly, and the reporting process becomes easier.

The synergistic effects of four medicinal plant seeds and chelated minerals on the growth, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Trace minerals are essential for the normal functioning of all living organisms. In addition, the positive effects of several medicinal plants have been demonstrated in aquaculture. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of a mixture of medicinal plants and test the synergistic effects of medicinal plants and chelated minerals on fish growth and immunity. Thus, in the present experiment we evaluated the combined effects of a commercial chelated mineral source (BonzaFish®) and a mixture of 4 medicinal plants including caraway (Carum carvi), green cumin (Cuminum cyminum), dill (Anethum graveolens), and anise (Pimpinella anisum). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings (n=225) were fed with five formulated diets, including a control diet (basal diet), Bonza (basal diet+1g/kg BonzaFish®), Z-5 (basal diet+1g/kg BonzaFish®+5g/kg mixture of plant seeds), Z-10 (basal diet+1g/kg BonzaFish®+10g/kg mixture of plant seeds), Z-20 (basal diet+1g/kg BonzaFish®+20g/kg mixture of plant seeds) for 6 weeks. In diets including BonzaFish®, 50% of the inorganic mineral premix was replaced by BonzaFish®. Results revealed that fish receiving the Z-20 diet showed the best performance in terms of growth parameters, followed by the Bonza treatment (P<0.05). The highest protease activity was found in Z-5 and Z-10. RBCs were highest in Z-5, while the highest WBCs and hemoglobin were found in the Bonza treatment followed by Z-20. Stress biomarkers were lowest in the Z-20 treatment. Results showed that Z-20 could elicit the most robust immunological responses of lysozyme activity, ACH50, total Ig, C3, and C4. In conclusion, chelated minerals could be successfully used to replace 50% of mineral premix with no negative impacts on fish growth and together with four medicinal plants, could enhance rainbow trout overall growth performance and immunity.

Pengabdian Masyarakat Mahasiswa Di Pondok Pesantren Roudlhotul Ulum

This PMM activity was carried out at the Roudlotul Ulum Islamic Boarding School, which is one of the Islamic boarding schools located in Jenggalu Village, Sukaraja Subdistrict, Seluma Regency, under the name Arraudhah Alhamid Foundation. The problem faced is that the location of the pesantren is quite far to seek treatment at the puskesmas or hospital. Erratic weather changes sometimes make students sick. Sometimes students also bring their own medicines from home, or teachers and teaching staff also prepare these medicines. In fact, there are many plants that can be used as herbal medicines to treat diseases. The method used was counseling and practice of making ginger candy and also handing over medicinal plant seeds. From the implementation of this activity, it provides benefits as a form of problem solving in the boarding school, through providing material about the benefits of family medicinal plants, practicing making ginger candy as a medicine to boarding school students, and also providing and planting medicinal plant seeds for the boarding school, especially for students.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Socialization of the use of medicinal plants to improve family health resilience in Keliling Benteng Ulu Village, Banjar Regency

Indonesia is rich in biodiversity, including medicinal plants. Family medicinal plants are cultivated for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Plants in wetlands have played a vital role in the daily life of local communities, but traditional knowledge has declined with the degradation and change of wetlands. To overcome this, community service activities were carried out in the Village of Keliling Benteng Ulu, Banjar Regency in the form of lecture and distribution of medicinal plant seeds. This activity is aimed to increase the knowledge of villagers about the use of family medicinal plants. The result of this activity is an increase in knowledge related to the use of family medicinal plants for family health resilience.

Five Important Seeds in Traditional Medicine, and Pharmacological Benefits

Knowledge about the pharmacological benefits of different seeds is an important factor for the cultivation and application of medicinal herbs and plants. The seeds of medicinal plants are stores of valuable and active secondary metabolites that have been commercially and economically beneficial and helpful for medicine and pharmacy. The major parameter of reproduction and the preservation of plants are seeds, which have a functional role in the distribution and establishment of plants in different regions. Five important seeds that have tremendous medicinal and pharmacological benefits are anise, basil, borage, cilantro, and chamomile. Anise seed is used as a spice, either whole or ground, and its essential oil and extract are also obtained from the seeds. Basil seeds have a long history of usage in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, and they are a good source of minerals, are high in fiber (including pectin), and are rich is flavonoids and other polyphenols. Borage seed oil is used for skin disorders, such as seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and neurodermatitis. Coriander is an annual herb that is part of the Apiaceae family, and the seeds are rich in iron, zinc, copper, and essential minerals, which can decrease bad cholesterol and improve good cholesterol in the body. Chamomile can be considered for the treatment of insomnia, hemorrhoids, anxiety, and diarrhea, and it may help with wound healing and skin irritation. Keyword searches for Anise, Seed, Basil, Borage, Cilantro, Chamomile, Seed biology, Traditional medicinal science, and seed anatomy were performed using Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google scholar. The aim of this article review is to survey the pharmacological and health benefits of the seeds of the five aforementioned important medicinal plants.

In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from Carum copticum and Ziziphora clinopodioides plants against the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

The present study aimed to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity and the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from two medicinal plants (seeds of Carum copticum L. and leaves of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam) against the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. The sensitivity of P. syringae to the two types of EOs was investigated through three methods including disc diffusion, well diffusion, and vapor phase tests. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography attached to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) were used to identify and quantify the essential oil compounds. The greatest growth inhibition zones for disc diffusion, well diffusion, and vapor tests were observed for the highest essential oil volume (50 µL) of Z. clinopodioides as 0.925 cm, 1.75 cm, and 1.45 cm, respectively. Concerning the EOs from C. copticum seeds, the diameters of growth inhibition zones were 0.775 cm, 1 cm, and 0 cm, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the highest antibacterial activity, with a growth inhibition zone of 1.75 cm, belonged to 50 µL EOs of Z. clinopodioides on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar medium. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the EOs of Z. clinopodioides were 8 µL mL−1 and 1 µL mL−1 in LB agar medium. The MBC and MIC values for EOs of C. copticum were 16 µL mL−1 and 1 µL mL−1, in LB agar medium, respectively. According to the chromatography results, 16 different compounds were identified in the EOs of C. copticum, of which thymol (54.6%) was the major constituent. Moreover, 27 different compounds were identified in the Z. clinopodioides EOs, of which pulegone (23%) and 1,8 cineole (20.3%) were the main essential oil constituents. The results demonstrated that the EOs of Z. clinopodioides plants had higher chemical diversity and displayed stronger antibacterial activities against P. syringe pv. syringae, compared to those of C. copticum.

An Overview on the Use of Extracts from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants to Improve Nutritional Value and Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oils.

Oil oxidation is the main factor limiting vegetable oils’ quality during storage, as it leads to the deterioration of oil’s nutritional quality and gives rise to disagreeable flavors. These changes make fat-containing foods less acceptable to consumers. To deal with this problem and to meet consumer demand for natural foods, vegetable oil fabricators and the food industry are looking for alternatives to synthetic antioxidants to protect oils from oxidation. In this context, natural antioxidant compounds extracted from different parts (leaves, roots, flowers, and seeds) of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) could be used as a promising and sustainable solution to protect consumers’ health. The objective of this review was to compile published literature regarding the extraction of bioactive compounds from MAPs as well as different methods of vegetable oils enrichment. In fact, this review uses a multidisciplinary approach and offers an updated overview of the technological, sustainability, chemical and safety aspects related to the protection of oils.

Developing methodological approaches for determining seed germination of common St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.)

Increasingly high requirements for the seed material of medicinal crops are set, which must be harmonized with international standards and requirements. There are guidelines for good cultivation and harvesting practice (GACP) of plant raw materials. The production of medicinal plant raw materials requires not just varietal seeds, but also seed material with high sowing qualities. Therefore, seed quality control is a mandatory measure, which is not possible without established methods for determining its sowing quality. Particular attention in the study of these issues requires the seeds of medicinal plants that are grown for a short time in the culture, which includes St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). According to the results of the analysis of scientific literature and normative documents, it is established that in Ukraine for a wide range of medicinal and essential oil crops, including St. John’s wort, there are no regulations (current standards) for methods of determining sowing qualities, technical conditions for seeds. At the same time, the most important indicator of seed sowing qualities is germination. The level of germination is established by the standard ensures normal germination of seeds in the field, the formation of optimal crop density and crop yields. This indicator is basic in the purchase and sale of seeds, the release of seeds for sowing. Therefore, the aim of the work was to develop methodological approaches to determine the germination of St. John’s wort seeds using standard procedures and techniques used in domestic and international practice. The methodological approaches given for other cultures in normative documents both in force in Ukraine and abroad were taken into account. It is established that the methodological features of determining the indicators of germination energy and seed germination of St. John’s wort are the possibility of using filter paper or sand as a substrate for germination. The optimal substrate is filter paper, and the method of germination — on the filter. For seed germination on filter paper and in sand it is recommended to use a constant temperature (+20°C) or variable (+ 20–30°C). Terms of accounting: germination energy — 10, germination — 21 days. Developed methodological approaches to determine the germination of seeds of St. John’s wort are recommended for use in testing laboratories, seed plants and research institutions.

Edukasi Dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Untuk Kesehatan Masyarakat Rw 05 Dan Rw 06 Desa Cibiru Hilir, Kecamatan Cileunyi, Kabupaten Bandung Pada Bulan November Tahun 2021

There are many medicinal plants that have the potential to be developed as raw materials for herbal medicines but in fact have not been managed and utilized optimally by the community. There are several problems with conventional medicine, including side effects, high drug resistance, and higher prices, which have created a prolonged economic situation that has hit Indonesia. One solution that can be done in maintaining health conditions is using family medicinal plants. The purpose of family medicinal plants is that they can be used as an alternative to conventional medicine that is easy to find, no money to buy and without the need to come to a health facility. The implementation of education and utilization of family medicinal plants was carried out in RW 05 and RW 06, Cibiru Hilir Village, Cileunyi District, Bandung Regency. The number of participants in this activity involved 60 people (men and women) with an age range of 20 to 50 years, consisting of 30 people from RW 05 and 30 people from RW 06. The methods used in this activity were conducting pre-tests, counseling activities, post test, and delivery of medicinal plant seeds to residents. After the educational activities on the use of medicinal plants took place, public knowledge about family medicinal plants increased as seen from the results of the pre-test and post-test.

Cryopreservation as a way to improve laboratory germination and germination energy of seeds

n all across the world, including Kazakhstan, there is a problem of loss of plant resources biodiversity. Therefore, work is underway to create cryogenic banks, in which long-term storage of plant germplasm is carried out at an ultra-low temperature of –196 °C. For seeds stored in cryogenic banks, it is necessary to study their dormant state and the action of substances that could stimulate their germination. Medicinal plants are important objects for research since the Republic lacks a well-functioning system of industrial cultivation of medicinal plants and the production of pharmaceuticals based on local raw materials. Consequently, scientific information is required on the long-term maintenance of viable seed material and methods of stimulating seed germination. As a result of the experiments, the positive effect of gibberellic acid (GA) and liquid nitrogen (LN) on the increase in the percentage of germination energy (GE) and laboratory germination (LG) of medicinal plants seeds were revealed. On average, after LN exposure to seeds, the percentage of GE increased by 1.4 and LG by 1.5 times. After the exposure to GA, the percentage of GE increased by 1.2 times, and LG by 2.9 times. It was found that, to stimulate GE and LG, it is sufficient to treat seeds with one of the reagents, GA or LN. It was found that the seeds of Silybum marianum lose their germination after storage at a temperature of 1±1 °C for 9 months. The stimulation of GE and LG may require the treatment of freshly harvested seeds with chemical reagents. The effectiveness of the exposure of LN on in vitro seeds GE of Valeriana officinalis and Matricaria chamomilla variety Karagandinskaya by 4.5 and 1.8 times, respectively, was noted. The LG percentage of Valeriana officinalis after exposure to LN increased by 1.3 times, while the effect of LN on the LG of Matricaria chamomilla variety Karagandinskaya seeds was not observed.