Dry Weight Of Seeds Research Articles

Analyze the Seed Quality of <em>Capsicum annum</em> (Clv. GROSSUM) by Maintaining an Optimum Number of Fruits Load in the Plant

Capsicum annum, commonly known as bell pepper, belongs to the Solanaceae family, specifically the Grossum Group. Various cultivars of this plant yield fruits in diverse colors, such as red, yellow, orange, green, white, and purple. The quality of Capsicum annum seeds is closely tied to the quantity of fruits produced. It was observed that as the number of fruits per plant increases, the seed quality tends to decrease. The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between seed quality and the number of fruits per plant. Awareness of the optimal fruit yield achievable with high-quality seeds can reduce the cost associated with hybrid seed production. The study utilized fruit development in plants as the treatment, with fruit load categories ranging from 8–9 fruits/plant to more than 18 fruits/plant. A completely randomized design with ten replicates was employed, and hand pollination of Capsicum annum exhibited a success rate of 75–80%. Various parameters, including the dry weight of seeds per pod, seed number per pod, seed volume, dry weight of 1000 seeds, seed germination, and viability percentage, were recorded. While the number of seeds per pod, seed germination, and viability percentage remained unaffected by the fruit load of plants, other selected parameters were influenced. The seed volume was recorded as the number of seeds per gram, with the lowest value considered the best. The treatment with 13–15 fruits/plant demonstrated the highest number of fruits and the best seed quality. Observations indicated the following values for this treatment: dry weight of seed per pod (0.533g), seed number per pod (86 seeds), seed volume (147 seeds), dry weight of 1000 seeds (7.45g), seed germination percentage (85%), and viability percentage (86.33%). For Capsicum annum (Cultivar: Grossum), it is recommended to maintain 13–15 fruits per plant in a greenhouse setting to ensure the production of high-quality seeds.

Biopriming of cayenne seed (Capsicum frutescens L.) using Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) - producing fluorescent pseudomonads to increase germination and growth of seeds

Capsicum frutescens L. is one of the horticultural commodities that plays an important role as food and industrial raw materials. The amount of chili consumption continues to increase, so its production requires quality seeds. The physiological quality of seeds can be improved, one of which is by using fluorescent pseudomonads as biopriming. The fluorescent pseudomonads LAHLS1, LAHT1, LAHCS2, and PfPb3 produced Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) with concentrations between 5.37 to 20.31 ppm, and were significantly different. Biopriming of C. frutescens L. seeds using different fluorescent pseudomonad isolates affected the percentage of germination, wet weight and dry weight of C. frutescens L. seedlings. Fluorescent pseudomonads LAHLS1, LAHT1, LAHCS2, and PfPb3 can increase the percentage of C. frutescens L. seed germination up to 100%. The highest seedling wet weight (43.52 mg) was found in seed biopriming using fluorescent pseudomonad LAHLS1 and the lowest was control (12.33 mg). The highest seedling dry weight (4.40 mg) was found in seed biopriming using fluorescent pseudomonad LAHLS1, and the lowest was control (0.93 mg). The results showed the potential use of IAA-producing fluorescent pseudomonads in increasing the percentage of seed germination and influencing the growth of C. frutescens L. seedlings based on observations of wet weight and dry weight of seeds.

The Effect of Plant Spacing and Type of Manure on the Growth and Yield of Green Beans (Vigna Radiata L) Cultivar Vima I

The objectives of this study are: (1) To determine the effect of the combination of planting distance and type of manure on the growth and yield of green bean plants (Vigna radiata L) cultivar VIMA-1, (2) To determine the combination of planting distance and type of manure that can have the best influence on the growth and yield of mung bean plants (Vigna radiata L) VIMA-1 cultivar. The research was conducted in Wirakanan Village, Kandanghour District, Indramayu Regency, from December 2020 to January 2021. The research method used is the Group Random Design (RAK) method. The treatment consists of three levels of planting distance (20x25 cm, 20x30 cm, and 20x35 cm) and three types of manure (chicken, goat, and cow) with a dose of 6 tons/ha for each manure and without manure. The combination is repeated three times so that there are 36 tiles. Variables observed include Plant height, number of leaves, number of pods, weight of 100 grains, weight of dry seeds per plant, and dry weight per plot. The results showed that: (1) the combination of planting distance and type of cow manure significantly affected plant height aged 15, 22, and 29 HST, number of leaves aged 15, 22, and 29 HST, total number of pods, and seed weight per plot. (2) the combination treatment of planting distance and type of manure produces plant height higher is produced by combination D (20x25 cm and cow manure) at the age of 15, 22, and 29 HST, the combination of planting distance and type of manure produces the number of leaves, the higher is produced by the combination of D (20x25 cm and cow manure) at the age of 15, 22 and 29 HST, the combination of planting spacing and type of manure produces the number of pods, the higher one is produced by the combination of D (20x25 cm and cow manure), the combination of planting spacing and type of manure produces the weight of seeds per plot, the higher one is produced by the combination of D (20x25 cm and cow manure). The combination of spacing treatment (20 x 25 cm) and manure (chicken, goat, or cow) at a dose of 6 tons/ha has the best effect on the weight of dry beans per plot, which is 0.64 kg or equivalent to 15.23 quintals/ha (80% effective land).

Respon penggunaan bakteri penambat nitrogen Rhizobium sp dan pupuk kohe ayam

This study aims to determine the effect of Nitrogen-inhibiting bacteria and chicken manure (cohe) fertilizer on soybean yield. The research method used a 2 factorial Randomized Group Design. The first factor was the treatment of rhizobium biofertilizer (R) consisting of 4 levels, namely R0 = 0 g/kg seed, R1 = 5 g/kg seed, R2 = 10 g/kg seed, and R3 = 15 g/kg seed. The second factor is the treatment of chicken cohe fertilizer (S) consisting of 4 levels, namely S0 = 0 kg/m2, S1 = 0.5 kg/m2, S2 = 1.0 kg/m2, and S3 = 1.5 kg/m2. The results showed that the provision of rhizobium biofertilizer 10 g/kg seed had a real effect on the number of soybean pods, dry weight of seeds per plant, dry weight of 100 seeds, with the highest number of pods 1169.03 g, the highest dry weight of seeds 388.56 g, the highest weight of 100 seeds 15.88 g. Application of chicken cohe fertilizer 1.5 kg/m2 on the soil had a real effect on the number of pods, dry weight of seeds per plant, dry weight of 100 seeds, with the highest number of pods 167.25 g, dry weight of seeds 393.86 g and the highest weight of 100 seeds 16.50 g. The interaction of rhizobium biofertilizer and chicken cohe fertilizer was not significantly different in all treatments.

Resource availability and herbivory alter defence-growth-reproduction trade-offs in a masting Mediterranean pine

Pairwise trade-offs among the main dimensions of life history of plants, namely growth, reproduction and defence, have been hypothesized and repeatedly tested. Experimental evidences, however, are far from conclusive, probably as a consequence of different methodological approaches, but also of an underlying multivariate complexity that is not considered in pairwise analyses. We carried out two long-term field experiments with 81 ramets clonally replicated from 6 genotypes of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) to assess the allocation to growth, reproduction and defence in response to increased resource availability (fertilization and control treatments) and simulated herbivory (low intensity mechanical wounding, high intensity mechanical wounding, needle clipping, jasmonate application and control treatments). Fertilization increased tree growth and N and P concentration, and altered the production of resin and polyphenolics in complex ways, contingent on time and tissue. A natural event of infestation by Pissodes castaneus was more intense on fertilized trees. Fertilization increased both reproductive effort and output in terms of quantity (number of seeds) but not quality (dry weight of seeds). Needle clipping and methyl-jasmonate, but not mechanical wounding, increased the concentration of needle resin and phenols shortly after treatment, while concentrations in the phloem remain unaltered. Damage by P. castaneus did not differ across induction treatments. Generally, needle clipping had the strongest effect on reproductive variables, and mechanical wounding the mildest, with a high variability on intensity and direction of effects. Needle clipping decreased tree growth, while the rest of herbivory treatments did increase it. Complex interactions among life-history dimensions arose, showing that pairwise approaches are too simplistic for unravelling these complexities. This three-way relationship imposes new environmental and physiological constraints to the evolution and maintenance of reproductive strategies.

Anthracnose Disease and Physiological Aspects of Soybean in Saturated Soil Culture in Tidal Land

Saturated soil culture in tidal land could be an alternative measure for achieving sufficient soybean production to meet demand and reduce the current 56% dependence on imports. Therefore, this study aims to investigate disease development and the nitrogen fixation rate of soybean in water-saturated cultivation on tidal land. It was conducted in Simpang Village, Berbak District, East Tanjung Jabung, Jambi Province, Indonesia, and subjected to a randomized block design as an environmental design. The treatment consisted of 3 water inundation levels in the trench, namely, 15, 20, and 25 cm from the soil surface. The results showed that the height of standing water in a water-saturated cultivation system affected the soil moisture. Furthermore, high soil moisture results in a high anthracnose disease in soybean caused by the fungus Colletotrichumdematinum var. truncatum. The disease attack rate reached 15.7% with 72% soil moisture at a depth of 15 cm below the soil surface. There was also an attack rate of 16.3%, with soil moisture of 70.5% at a depth of 20 cm from the soil surface. The highest percentage of fallen pods in the treatment plots was up to 15cm and 20 cm in standing water, which was 17.3% and 16.7%, respectively. The root nodules' weight decreased in height by 25 cm from the soil surface. Furthermore, the rate of nitrogen fixation decreased, as indicated by a reduction in the activity of the root nodules' acetylene, which decreased at the height of the waterlogging 25 cm from the soil surface. Soybean crop yield was affected by the height of standing water in the trench. The numbers of filled pods, the weight of dry seeds per plant, and the weight of 100 seeds were lower at the height of water 25 cm from the soil surface. Additionally, disease severity was strongly correlated with root nodules and seed/plant dry weight. Increased disease severity significantly contributed to the decline in dry weight of root nodules, very strongly to dry seed/plant weight and moderately to acetylene-reducing activity.

PENGARUH KEDALAMAN MUKA AIR TANAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI SERTA MUTU FISIOLOGIS BENIH KEDELAI (Glycine max (L) Merril) YANG DIHASILKAN

Soybean production in Indonesia has decreased year by year. This is caused by high rainfall potentially causing water-saturated land. This is due to heavy rain which can cause the water to become saturated. Implementation of drainage and groundwater depth control is expected to increase soybean productivity. The purpose of this study is to determine the best groundwater depth for growth, production and physiological quality of soybeans produced. The study was conducted at the Experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Riau from February to May 2019. The depth of the groundwater used was 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, and control treatment. The parameters observed were plant height and number of nodes, flowering age, age of harvest, number of seeds per plant, dry weight of seeds per plant, the weight of 100 seeds per plant, the suitable percentage for seed, standard germination test, and index value test. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance then continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. The results showed that a depth of 5 cm, which produces poor aeration, leads to unoptimal absorption of nutrients, thus plant height and number of nodes, number of seeds per plant, dry seed weight per plant, 100 seed weight per and the suitable percentage for seed decreased. In the treatment, a water level of 20 cm from the soil gave the best results in terms of seed growth, production and physiological quality due to good ventilation, sufficient water availability and optimal absorption of nutrients.

Application Of Legowo Range To The Growth and Result Of Three Sorgum Varieties (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench)

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a type of cereal plant that has considerable potential to be developed in Indonesia. Sorghum seeds contain 73% carbohydrates, 3.5% fat, and 10% protein depending on the variety and planted area. Sorghum is resistant to drought and relatively resistant to pests and diseases. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the interaction between the jajar legowo planting system and three varieties of sorghum. This research was conducted at the Seed Center of the Agriculture Service, Kebomas District, Gresik Regency. The main ingredients of this experiment were sorghum seeds of the Numbu variety obtained from the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Gresik, the Bioguma 3 Agritan variety and the KD-4 variety obtained from the Tripe Agricultural Extension Center and Phonska NPK fertilizer. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RAKF) with two factors, namely jajar legowo and varieties. The two factors were combined to obtain 9 treatments. The observed variables consisted of germination rate, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, flowering age, harvest age, panicle length, wet weight of planted seeds, dry weight of planted seeds and estimated dry weight of seeds per hectare. The treatment that showed a significant effect was then tested further with Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% test level. The results showed that there was no significant interaction between the jajar legowo planting system and varieties on the variables of plant growth and yield.

Effect of intermittent shade on nitrogen dynamics assessed by 15N trace isotopes, enzymatic activity and yield of Brassica napus L.

Modern era of agriculture is concerned with the environmental influence on crop growth and development. Shading is one of the crucial factors affecting crop growth considerably, which has been neglected over the years. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of shading at flowering (S1) and pod development (S2) stages on nitrogen (N) dynamics, carbohydrates and yield of rapeseed. Two rapeseed genotypes (Chuannong and Zhongyouza) were selected to evaluate the effects of shading on 15N trace isotopes, enzymatic activities, dry matter, nitrogen and carbohydrate distribution and their relationship with yield. The results demonstrated that both shading treatments disturbed the nitrogen accumulation and transportation at the maturity stage. It was found that shading induced the downregulation of the N mobilizing enzymes (NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT) in leaves and pods at both developmental stages. Shading at both growth stages resulted in reduced dry matter of both varieties but only S2 exhibited the decline in pod shell and seeds dry weight in both years. Besides this, carbohydrates distribution toward economic organs was declined by S2 treatment and its substantial impact was also experienced in seed weight and seeds number per pod which ultimately decreased the yield in both genotypes. We also revealed that yield is positively correlated with dry matter, nitrogen content and carbohydrates transportation. In contrast to Chuannong, the Zhongyouza genotype performed relatively better under shade stress. Overall, it was noticed that shading at pod developmental stage considerable affected the transportation of N and carbohydrates which led to reduced rapeseed yield as compared to shading at flowering stage. Our study provides basic theoretical support for the management techniques of rapeseed grown under low light regions and revealed the critical growth stage which can be negatively impacted by low light.

The effect of organic fertilizer and mount Merapi volcanic ash to land rehabilitation

This study aims to determine the effect of adding organic fertilizer to the ex-eruption of Mount Merapi by using an indicator plant of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Gajah variety in order to land rehabilitation. The treatment used was the addition of volcanic ash and organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer used comes from chicken manure. The selection of chicThis study aims to determine the effect of adding organic fertilizer to the ex-eruption of Mount Merapi by using an indicator plant of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Gajah variety in order to land rehabilitation. The treatment used was the addition of volcanic ash and organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer used comes from chicken manure. The selection of chicken manure as organic fertilizer uses the principle of sustainability, where in the research area there are many chicken farmers so that the presence of chicken manure is easy and cheap to obtain. The design of this study was based on 1 block completely randomized 2 factorial design which was repeated 3 times. With the addition of volcanic ash and chicken manure, 10 tons/ha, 20 tons/ha and 30 tons/ha, respectively. Plant parameters observed were: (1) plant height, (2) fresh weight and dry weight of roots, (3) Shoots' fresh and dry weight, (4) fresh weight and dry weight of pods, (5) Seeds' fresh weight and dry weight, (6) number of seeds and pods/plant, and (7) N uptake and root nodule number. The findings indicated that chicken manure increased plant height from 1 to 5 weeks after planting. The application of 30 tons/ha of chicken manure has raised the height of plants. The addition of chicken manure tends to enhance the peanut seeds' dry weight.ken manure as organic fertilizer uses the principle of sustainability, where in the research area there are many chicken farmers so that the presence of chicken manure is easy and cheap to obtain. The design of this study was based on 1 block completely randomized 2 factorial design which was repeated 3 times. With the addition of volcanic ash and chicken manure, 10 tons/ha, 20 tons/ha and 30 tons/ha, respectively. Plant parameters observed were: plant height (cm); fresh and dry weight of shoots (g/plant); fresh weight and dry weight of roots (g/plant); number of pods/plant; fresh weight and dry weight of pods (g/plant); number of seeds/plant, fresh weight and dry weight of seeds (g/plant); N uptake; and number of root nodules. The results showed that chicken manure tended to increase plant height at the age of 1 WAP to 5 WAP. Treatment of 30 tons/ha of chicken manure will increase plant height. The addition of chicken manure also tends to increase the dry weight of peanut seeds.

Aplikasi Kompos Limbah Kulit Kopi Terhadap Bibit Kopi Arabika Var. Komasti (Coffea arabika L.)

This activity was carried out to determine the optimal dose of application of coffee husk waste compost on Arabica var. Komasti (Coffea arabica L.) coffee seedlings. It was carried out at the Jember State Polytechnic Collection Garden from November 2018 to April 2019. The research method used was a non-factorial randomized block design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Treatment A0 = 0 gr/seed (without coffee husk compost), A1 = 150 gr/seedling compost, A2 = 300 gr/seedling, A3 = 450 gr/seedling, A4 = 600 gr/seedling. From the results of data analysis carried out, the application of coffee husk waste compost on the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings had a significant effect on the parameters of seedling height at 146 HSP, wet weight of seeds, and dry weight of seeds. The result of the research activity was that A4 treatment gave the best results with a dose of 600 g of compost fertilizer/seedling. Furthermore, the parameters of the number of leaves and seedling diameter showed no significant (non-significant) results.

Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.) Klon ICCRI 03 Dan Mcc 01 Pada Beberapa Lama Penyimpanan Benih

Cocoa seeds are recalcitrant seeds that have an inability to store long enough. As a result of storage, cocoa seeds can experience seed deterioration as well as in the growth process in nurseries. To find out that cocoa seeds that have been stored can grow well in nurseries, it is necessary to do seedling based on cocoa seeds that have been stored. This research was carried out at the Seed Production Technology Laboratory, from August to October 2020, Wire House, and the Jember State Polytechnic Soil Laboratory from October 2020 to March 2021. The design used was a Factorial Randomized Design (RAKF) consisting of 2 factors and 4 replicates. The first factor is clones (K) consisting of 2 types, namely K1 = ICCRI 03: K2 = MCC 01, and the second factor is Storage Time (P) with 4 levels, namely: P0 = Directly planted (control) : P1 = Stored 5 Days : P2 = Stored 10 Days : P3 = Stored 15 Days. Parameters observed were seedling stem diameter, seedling height, number of seedling leaves, seedling wet weight, seedling dry weight and seedling root length. The results showed that the differences in clones had a very significant effect on the observation parameters of seedling height, number of seedling leaves, seedling stem diameter, wet and dry weight of seeds on stored seeds. The storage time treatment had a very significant effect on the observation parameters of seedling height, number of seedling leaves, and seedling stem diameter. And the interaction between clones and storage time had a very significant effect on seedling height and number of seedling leaves.

Re-utilization of Sub-optimal Used-planting Media to Cultivate Black Rice in the Pot

Beside reducing production cost, re-utilization sub-optimal used planting media was environmentally good practice, especially when the plants were cultivated in the pots. This research incorporated black rice accession that had high economic value. The plants were cultivated in 10-kg pots, arranging in Randomized Block Design with three replications, each consisted of 5 pots. The treatments were weight-based additions of local organic soil and commercial organic fertilizer of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 0 % (no-addition). Result of this research indicated that 10 % addition of local organic soil was considered enough to cultivated black rice in the pots. The plants were observed to grow normal with plant height reached 150 cm, consisted of 70 clumps and produced 56.52 g dry seeds per pot, equivalent to 11.69 ton per ha. In percentage, addition of 5, 10 and 15 % local organic soil, resulted in 33-53 % increase in number of mature panicles, 33-56 % increase in total number of seeds, 123-232 % increase in number pithy seeds, and 106-289 % increase in weight of dry seeds per pot.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Takaran Bokashi Kotoran Burung Puyuh dan Pupuk NPK 16:16:16 Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.)

Research on the effect of the combination of quail droppings bokashi + NPK 16:16:16 on the growth and yield of green beans (Vigna radiata L.) was carried out in Koto Panjang Ikur Koto Village, Koto Tangah District, Padang. This research was started from December 2019 to March 2020. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best combination of quail droppings + NPK 16:16:16 for growth and yield of green bean plants. This study used a randomized block design with 9 treatments and 3 groups. The treatments were given with the dose of bokashi quail manure with a combination of NPK fertilizer 16:16:16, namely A = 0 ton / ha + 100 kg / ha NPK; B = 5 tonnes / ha + 50 kg / ha NPK; C = 5 tonnes / ha + 100 kg / ha NPK; D = 10 tonnes / ha + 50 kg / ha NPK; E = 10 tonnes / ha + 100 kg / ha NPK; F = 15 tonnes / ha + 50 kg / ha NPK; G = 15 tonnes / ha + 100 kg / ha NPK; H = 20 tonnes / ha + 50 kg / ha NPK; I = 20 tonnes / ha + 100 kg / ha NPK. The results showed that the combination of quail dung bokashi + NPK fertilizer 16:16:16 showed no significant effect on the observed variable number of primary branches and had a very significant effect on plant height, flowering age, first harvest age, number of pods planted, number of pods per plot, percentage of pithy per plot, dry weight of seeds per plot, and significant differences in seed dry weight per plant. The combination of quail droppings bokashi + NPK 16:16:16, namely 15 tonnes / ha + 50 kg / ha NPK is the best measure for the growth and yield of green bean plants.

Effect of biostimulants on soil characteristics, plant growth and yield of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) under field conditions

Because of the safe use of biostimulants as they are eco-friendly and modern technique for substituting chemical fertilizers which have negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of two biostimulants, Spirulina platensis and Trifolium alexandrinum on soil properties, growth and yield of pea (Pisum sativum L.) grown under silty clay soil conditions. The field experiment was carried out during the winter season by applying each fertilizer to the cultivated soil at 3 concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10 g) either singly or in combination, forming 15 treatments in addition to control. It was found that the vegetative growth parameters as well as, yield components were significantly increased by two fertilizers applied singly or in combination. In comparison with control, the highest concentration of combined treatment (10 g) significantly increased shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area and number of branches by 145, 200, 300 and 100 % respectively. Furthermore, the combined treatment (10 g) showed the highest values of the number of pods (8), pod length (12 cm), no. of seeds (13) and dry weight of seeds (21.5 g), compared to control. Biostimulants boosted the plant growth and yield by enhancing the estimated parameters. Also, the physicochemical properties and mineral status of soil were improved after the application of the biostimulants. The current study indicates that the single and combined treatments of Spirulina platensis and Trifolium alexandrinum may potentially increase soil fertility and enhance the growth and yield of pea.

PERBAIKAN SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DENGAN APLIKASI KOMPOS ALANG – ALANG PADA GAMBUT TERBAKAR DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata L.)

This research aimed to determine the effect of alang-alang compost application on burned peatland to cultivate the soil chemical properties, growth, and production of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.). The research has been carried out in the Auto Agronom of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Riau from October 2018 to April 2019. The design in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors, G (burned peatland) and P (alang-alang compost application). The results showed that the application of alang-alang compost toward burned peatland was able to cultivate the soil's chemical properties in the form of increasing pH, C-organic, N-total, P2O5, K-dd, Mg-dd, Ca-dd, KTK, and reducing C/N Ratio, Al-dd, Total Pb. The best results were obtained by applying alang-alang compost 375 g/polybag compost on burned peatland at the depth of 0-25 cm. The treatment interaction of burned peatland and alang-alang compost has a significant effect on the parameters of Plant Height and Dry Weight of Seeds per Plant, with the best treatment application of alang-alang compost 375 g/polybag on burned peatland at the depth of 25-50 cm. The main influences of alang-alang compost application have a significant influence on Plant Height and Dry Weight of Seeds per Plant, the best treatment was the application of alang-alang compost 375 g/polybag.

Avaliação genética e seleção de clones de cacaueiro

ABSTRACT: The cultivation of cocoa is of great socio-economic importance worldwide. Cocoa beans are the essential raw material for chocolate production. The variability of cacao studied presents only a small fraction of the existing genetic diversity, mainly in the Amazon region. Furthermore, just a small part of this variability has been exploited in cocoa breeding. Thus, the present study processed the genetic evaluation and selection of cocoa clones, based on morpho-agronomical traits. For this, we evaluated 145 clones, during 37 harvests from, four consecutive years. The following traits were evaluated: total number of fruits collected (TNFC), total number of healthy fruits (TNHF), weight of wet seeds from healthy fruits (WWSHF), average weight of wet seeds per healthy fruit (AWWSHF), weight of dry seeds from healthy fruit (WDSHF), average weight of dry seeds per healthy fruit (AWDSHF), percentage of fruits with witches’ broom disease (PFWB), percentage of fruits with borer (PFBR), percentage of fruits with germinated seeds (PFGS), number of branches with witches’ broom disease (NBWB), and number of inflorescence with witches’ broom disease (NIWB). Significant differences (P < 0.05) among the clones were observed for all traits, which reveal an expressive variability and possibility of gains with selection. The highest significant correlations (P < 0.05) occurred between traits TNFC and TNHF (0.94), TNHF and AWWSHF (0.86), and TNHF and AWDSHF (0.86). Based on the selection index, the clones POUND 12 and CAB 12, 228, 253, 257, 258, and 422 were the most suitable for selection.

Growth and yields of two varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) intercropped with peanut (Arachys hypogaea L.) applied by bokashi plus fertilizer between the rows of teak trees based agroforestry system

Nutrient shortages are the main problems faced by farmers, so as to improve soil fertility using organic fertilizer is compulsory. The main objective was to analyze the effects of bokashi plus fertilizer on the growth and yields of two varieties of maize intercropped with peanut under three years old teak trees in agroforestry system. The research was arranged in randomized completely block design in factorial pattern with two factors, maize variety: local maize and hybrid corn bisi-2; and bokashi plus fertilizer doses: 0, 3, 6 and 9 t ha-1. Maize growth recorded were plant height, leaf number, stem diameter and leaf area at 2, 4, 6 and 8 WAP and maize yields recorded were cob weight with cornhusk, cob weight without cornhusk, cob length, diameter, row number, 100 seeds dry weight, biomass dry weight, yield and LER. The results showed that interaction between maize variety and bokashi plus fertilizer had significant effect on the growth and yield of maize intercropped with peanut under three years of teak trees in agroforestry system. The best effects of maize growth and yield were obtained at 9 t ha-1 with highest yield of local maize and hybrid maize of 4,69 and 5,79 t ha-1.

Potensi Produksi dan Mutu Benih serta Produksi Biomassa Sorghum bicolor Varietas Samurai 2 pada Umur Panen Berbeda sebagai Bahan Pakan

Sorghum bicolor var. Samurai 2 can be used as raw material in silage production for ruminant feed. The problem encountered is the difficulty of obtaining certified seeds for commercial sorghum production. So that is necessary to do this research to investigate potential sorghum seed production and its quality of Sorghum bicolor var. Samurai 2. The study was conducted at University Research Station-Jonggol Animal Education and Research Unit, Bogor Agricultural University. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Five individual plants were taken to measure the variables at each treatment set. The treatments consisted of different harvesting times, namely P95 (harvested 95 days after planting), P100, P105 and P110. The variables observed were dry weight of shelled seeds, seed weight per panicle, weight of panicle stalk, panicle weight, seed production per ha, seed moisture content, seed viability test, and shoot biomass production per ha. The results showed that seed production per ha, panicle dry matter weight, fresh seed moisture content, panicle stalk dry weight was not significantly different. Dry weight of shelled seeds, dry weight of seeds per panicle, panicle dry weight, seed viability, weight of biomass per ha were significantly different (p<0.05). The potential for the production of shelled seeds, dry matter of seeds per panicle was the best in the P105 and P110, the viability of the seeds in the P105 and shoot biomass production per ha in the P105. The potential for shelled seed production (4038 kg ha-1), seed dry weight per panicle (54.87 g panicle-1), seed viability (92.8%) and the best biomass production (55.88 tons ha-1) were in treatment P105.
 Key words: seed production, shoot biomass, Sorghum bicolor, viability

Kajian Sifat Kuantitatif Galur F2 Tanaman Jagung di Lahan Kering

This study was aimed to determine the average of leaf angle, yield and harvest age of each F2 line compared to the two parents respectively. In addition, we also want to evaluate the coefficient of genetic diversity and heritability of the three traits. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design with a total treatment of 20 populations, namely 16 F2 lines and 4 parents. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so that 60 experimental units were obtained. The experimental data were analyzed by analysis of variance at the 5 percent significance level and further tests using the Least Significant Difference at the same significance level. The results showed that the F2 P8IS x T1NK7328 (R16), F2 P8IS x T1NK7328 (R18) lines, and the F2 P8IS x NK212 (R4) lines, had leaf angles same as each parent of the first hybrid/hybrid offspring (T1NK7328 and NK212) and smaller than the Sinta Unram. The harvest time of the three F2 lines was classified as super early. Yield (weight of dry seeds per plot) of F2 P8IS x T1NK7328 (R16), F2 P8IS x T1NK7328 (R18) lines, were the same as both parents and F2 P8IS x NK212 (R4) lines, higher than Sinta Unram; but the same as the hybrid parent (NK212). Coefficient of genetic diversity of yield is high; medium for harvest time and low for leaf angle. Heritability in broad sense is classified as high, obtained at harvest time and yield; while the heritability of leaf angle is low. The three F2 lines can be used as basic population material for subsequent breeding activities. Key words: hybridization; Sinta Unram; yield; leaf angle