Abstract
Saturated soil culture in tidal land could be an alternative measure for achieving sufficient soybean production to meet demand and reduce the current 56% dependence on imports. Therefore, this study aims to investigate disease development and the nitrogen fixation rate of soybean in water-saturated cultivation on tidal land. It was conducted in Simpang Village, Berbak District, East Tanjung Jabung, Jambi Province, Indonesia, and subjected to a randomized block design as an environmental design. The treatment consisted of 3 water inundation levels in the trench, namely, 15, 20, and 25 cm from the soil surface. The results showed that the height of standing water in a water-saturated cultivation system affected the soil moisture. Furthermore, high soil moisture results in a high anthracnose disease in soybean caused by the fungus Colletotrichumdematinum var. truncatum. The disease attack rate reached 15.7% with 72% soil moisture at a depth of 15 cm below the soil surface. There was also an attack rate of 16.3%, with soil moisture of 70.5% at a depth of 20 cm from the soil surface. The highest percentage of fallen pods in the treatment plots was up to 15cm and 20 cm in standing water, which was 17.3% and 16.7%, respectively. The root nodules' weight decreased in height by 25 cm from the soil surface. Furthermore, the rate of nitrogen fixation decreased, as indicated by a reduction in the activity of the root nodules' acetylene, which decreased at the height of the waterlogging 25 cm from the soil surface. Soybean crop yield was affected by the height of standing water in the trench. The numbers of filled pods, the weight of dry seeds per plant, and the weight of 100 seeds were lower at the height of water 25 cm from the soil surface. Additionally, disease severity was strongly correlated with root nodules and seed/plant dry weight. Increased disease severity significantly contributed to the decline in dry weight of root nodules, very strongly to dry seed/plant weight and moderately to acetylene-reducing activity.
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