Seedlings Research Articles

Photosynthetic and Stomatal Morphological Variation of Poplar Clones in Seedling Stage under Drought Stress

Photosynthetic and Stomatal Morphological Variation of Poplar Clones in Seedling Stage under Drought Stress

Effects of multilocation on intra-row spacing and nitrogen rate on growth and yield of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) in North Eastern Nigeria

Field experiments were conducted in 2015 rainy season at Teaching and Research Farms of Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola and Department of Crop Science, Taraba State College of Agriculture, Jalingo to investigate the effect of multilocation on intra-row spacing and nitrogen rates on the growth and yield of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc) in Northern Nigeria. The experiments were laid out in split-plot design with three replications and three nitrogen rate, 20, 25 and 30 kgNha-1 as main plot treatment while four intra-row spacing, 20, 25, 30 and 35 cm as the sub plot treatment. The sub plot size was 3 m x 2 m (6 m2). The nitrogen rate doses were applied a week after emergence of the seedlings. Data collected were, percentage seedlings emergence, number of leaves per plant, number of branches plant, plant height, number of nodules per plant, number of effective nodules per plant, number of non-effective nodules per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to 95% maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100 seeds weight, grain yield per plot and grain yield per ha. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that nitrogen rate applied had no significant influence on growth and yield characters in both trial locations. However, significant influence was recorded of intra-row spacing on number of leaves per plant and number of branches per plant at 6 WAS at Jalingo trial location with the mean values of 48.24 at 35 cm and 16.80 at 35 cm respectively. Intra-row spacing, 25 cm gave the highest mean number (3.14) of non-effective nodules per plant at 30 DAS at Yola trial location while at Jalingo, 25 cm gave the highest number of days to 50% flowering. The result of the interaction revealed that there were significant interaction between Nitrogen rates and intra-row spacing on the number of leaves at 3 WAS at Jalingo location, 6 WAS at both locations, number of nodules and number of non-effective nodules at 30 DAS at Yola trial location. It is recommended that nitrogen rate of 20 kgNha-1 and intra-row spacing of 35 cm be adopted in the study areas for higher yield to the farmers.

Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on the Growth and the Content of Non-structure Carbohydrate of Sinocalycanthus chinensis Seedlings

Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on the Growth and the Content of Non-structure Carbohydrate of Sinocalycanthus chinensis Seedlings

Precision tools for irrigation management of tomato seedlings

A produção de mudas é um ponto crítico do sistema de produção de hortaliças. Devido a informações sobre o consumo de água pelas mudas, o planejamento da irrigação se torna ineficiente, fato que provoca perdas na qualidade das mudas. O objetivo do experimento foi testar o uso de hidrogel no substrato e determinar o manejo de irrigação adequado através de ferramentas de automatização do sistema de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram produzidas mudas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicom) em bandejas de polietileno, preenchidas com substrato com e sem a presença de hidrogel. As mudas foram irrigadas com sistema de microaspersão, acionado a partir de um sistema automatizado. Os tratamentos de manejo de irrigação foram através da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), timer, 0.50 ETo e 1,00 ETo. Foram avaliados componentes de qualidade das mudas como altura, comprimento de raiz, diâmetro de colo, massa seca de raiz e parte aérea. O uso do hidrogel foi um diferencial para produção de mudas de tomate mais precoces, com maior altura final, maior diâmetro de colo, maior acúmulo de massa seca de parte aérea, maior área de projeção da copa e maior a taxa de crescimento relativo de parte aérea. Na presença do hidrogel o manejo 0.50 ETo favoreceu maiores plantas, com colo mais fino e menor massa seca de parte aérea.

Assessment of Seed Germinability after Prolonged Seed Storage for Synthyris bullii (Plantaginaceae), a Rare Endemic of the Midwestern U.S.A.

Synthyris bullii (Plantaginaceae; Besseya bullii; kittentails) is a rare endemic of the Midwestern U.S.A. Although seed germination studies have been conducted for this species, limited information is available regarding seed viability after prolonged seed storage. The main goal of this study was to re-assess seed germinability of Synthyris bullii seeds collected from 2008 to 2011 across its range. Overall, we found regardless of seed age, locality (i.e., site and state), and maternal environment (i.e., open, semi-shaded, and shaded) seeds are still viable. Although values were low for seed germination and seedling survivorship, the results of this study are encouraging and point to seed harvesting and storage as one way to preserve this species.

Study on variation of flowering stalk height and its related traits in seed seedling of Hemerocallis hybridus Stella de Oro

Study on variation of flowering stalk height and its related traits in seed seedling of Hemerocallis hybridus Stella de Oro

镉胁迫对瘤突苍耳、苍耳及其杂合体种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

镉胁迫对瘤突苍耳、苍耳及其杂合体种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

Effects of different application amounts of potassium fulvic acid on yield and quality of Fritillaria thunbergii

Fritillaria thunbergii is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effects of clearing heat and resolving stagnation, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough. At present, it is mostly produced by cultivation, and the cultivation process requires application of base fertilizer, winter fertilizer, seedling fertilizer and late top dressing. Now farmyard manure or organic fertilizer can be used to replace the base fertilizer and winter fertilizer, but the research on the replacement of organic fertilizer has not been completed for the late top dressing. Potassium fulvate is a kind of fulvate fertilizer, which can not only regulate the growth of crops but also supplement potassium necessary for the growth of crops. In this paper, using F. thunbergii as a model plant with mature cultivation techniques, the effect of potassium fulvate on the quality and yield of rhizome traditional Chinese medicine F. thunbergii was systematically studied for the first time. HPLC-ELSD was used to determine the contents of peimine A and peimine B, hot dip method was used to determine the content of alcohol extract, and the SPAD-502 Plus chlorophyll meter was used to detect SPAD value. The results showed that applying 1.5 to 2.25 kg·hm~(-2) of potassium fulvic acid per hectare could effectively improve the yield of F. thunbergii and there was significantly difference between potassium phosphate monobasic and potassium fulvic acid in terms of quality. After the application of range 1.5 to 2.25 kg·hm~(-2) of potassium fulvic acid per hectare, the content of alcohol soluble extract of F. thunbergii was ranged 21.61% to 22.27%, the total amount of peimine A and peimine B were ranged 0.09% to 0.10%. Applying 1.5 to 2.25 kg·hm~(-2) of potassium fulvic acid per hectare could replace the conventional pure chemical fertilizer potassium phosphate monobasic, which could be used as top dressing fertilizer for the cultivation of F. thunbergii.

Biochemical Specifics of Seedlings Adaptation to Short-Term Carbonate Salinization

Biochemical Specifics of Seedlings Adaptation to Short-Term Carbonate Salinization

НАКОПЛЕНИЕ И СТРУКТУРА ФИТОМАССЫ САЖЕНЦЕВ НА ПЕРВОМ ПОЛЕ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ

НАКОПЛЕНИЕ И СТРУКТУРА ФИТОМАССЫ САЖЕНЦЕВ НА ПЕРВОМ ПОЛЕ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ

Tuz (NaCl) Stresinin Adi Fiğ (Vicia sativa L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenme ve Fide Büyüme Üzerindeki Engelleyici Etkisinin Hafifletilmesinde GA3 (Gibberellik Asit) ve Kinetin Bitki Büyüme Maddelerinin Uygulanması

Bu çalışmada, tuz (NaCl) stresinin Adi fiğ (Vicia sativa L.) tohumlarının çimlenme ve fide büyümesi üzerindeki engelleyici etkisinin hafifletilmesinde GA3 ve Kinetin bitki büyüme maddelerinin farklı dozlarının etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre petri ve saksıda olmak üzere iki paralel olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede değişik dozlarda NaCl (0,5, 1,0, 1,5 ve 2,0 dS/m dozlarında hazırlanan NaCl çözeltisi) uygulanan adi fiğ (Vicia sativa L.) tohumlarına farklı dozlarda Kinetin ve Gibberelik asit dozları (Kontrol-saf su, 300 ppm Gibberellik asit, 50 ppm Kinetin,300ppm Gibberellik asit × 50 ppm Kinetin) uygulanarak tohumlar petri ve saksıda çimlendirilmiştir. Saksı ve petride çimlendirilen adi fiğ tohumlarında çimlenme yüzdesi, ortalama çimlenme süresi, çimlenme değeri, kök ve sap uzunluğu, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, sap yaş ve kuru ağırlığı üzerine GA3 ve Kinetin uygulamalarının etkileri gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda GA3 ve Kinetin uygulamaları adi fiğde çimlenme yüzdesine herhangi bir etkide bulunmamış, çimlenme süresini kısaltmış, çimlenme değerini artırmış, GA3 uygulaması kök ve sap uzamasını artırmış Kinetin uygulamasının olumlu bir etkisi olmamış, en fazla kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı GA3 ve kontrol ünitelerinden elde edilmiştir. Adi fiğ tohumları üzerinde yapılan çalışmada incelenen özellikler üzerinde genel olarak GA3 ve Kinetin uygulamalarının etkileri çok farklı olmuştur. GA3 uygulamalarının kök ve sap uzunluğunu artırdığı, kinetin uygulamasının ise olumsuz yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir.

Effects of prohexadione-calcium on photosynthetic characteristics and protective enzyme activity of soy?bean seedlings under saline-alkali stress

Effects of prohexadione-calcium on photosynthetic characteristics and protective enzyme activity of soy?bean seedlings under saline-alkali stress

Effect of Oxygen and Temperature Levels on the Seedling Characteristics of Korean and Anaerobic Germination-tolerant Rice under Flooding Conditions

Effect of Oxygen and Temperature Levels on the Seedling Characteristics of Korean and Anaerobic Germination-tolerant Rice under Flooding Conditions

Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging for Detection of Bacterial Fruit Blotch in Watermelon Seedlings

Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging for Detection of Bacterial Fruit Blotch in Watermelon Seedlings

Örtüaltı domates yetiştiren üreticilerin girdi kullanım kararlarının analitik hiyerarşi süreci ile analizi

Bu çalışmada, Muğla ilinde örtüaltı domates yetiştiren üreticilerin girdi kullanım kararlarındaki öncelikleri analitik hiyerarşi yöntemiyle saptanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri oransal örnekleme ile 93 üreticiden yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle derlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, örtüaltı domates üretiminde üreticilerin girdi kullanım kararında en fazla etkili olan kriterin fiyat olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Daha uygun fiyatlı girdi temini ve pazarlamada etkinlik sağlamak için üreticilerin örgütlenmelerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Üreticiler girdi kullanımına karar verirken dikkate aldıkları en önemli girdinin fide olduğu saptanmıştır. Girdi kullanım tercihinde ise üreticiler önceliği kimyasal girdilere vermektedir.

Plagiomnium undulatum (Bryopsida) Ekstraktlarının Yabani Yulaf’ın Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Allelopatik Etkisi

Yabancı otlar, kültür bitkileriyle bitki besin maddeleri, ışık, su ve yer için rekabet ederek ürün kayıplarına sebep olmaktadırlar. Yabani yulaf (Avena sterilis L.) tahıllarda yüksek oranda verim kaybına yol açan bir yabancı ottur. Organik tarımın önem kazanmasıyla yabancı otlarla biyolojik mücadele artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, kontrollü koşullarda yetiştirilen A. sterilis fidelerine, bir karayosunu türü olan Plagiomnium undulatum ekstraktları uygulanmıştır. Gelişen fidelerde fotosentetik pigment miktarı, prolin konsantrasyonu, toplam protein miktarı ve antioksidan enzim aktivitesi analizleri yapılmıştır. Negatif kontrollerine oranla klorofil ve protein miktarlarındaki azalmalara, prolin konsantrasyonu ve katalaz enzim aktivitesindeki artışlara ait veriler P. undulatum’un yabani yulaf üzerinde allelopatik etkiye sahip olduğunu kanıtlamakta, yapılacak ilave çalışmalarla yabancı ot kontrolünde kullanılabilecek alternatif bir yol olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Effects of Different Planting Densities on Cultivating Quality of Padus maackii Seedlings

Effects of Different Planting Densities on Cultivating Quality of Padus maackii Seedlings

Effect of Sample Size on the Precision of Biomass Model of Pinus yunnanensis Seedlings

Effect of Sample Size on the Precision of Biomass Model of Pinus yunnanensis Seedlings

Growth and development of tomato seedlings in substrates containing distinct amendments of a novel calcium montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogel.

Several results demonstrate that the correct use of hydrogels in adequate situations can increase seedling survival rates, plant growth and water-retention capacity of the soil. A technique of producing a nanocomposite hydrogel using calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt) was recently developed. However, research results are still necessary in order to validate this innovative hydrogel, particularly for the production of vegetable crop transplants. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and development of ‘BRS Nagai’ tomato seedlings in substrates containing different amendments of NC-MMt. The trial was conducted in a 3 x 3 factorial design, with three replications. The substrates (peat moss – T1, pine bark – T2, and coconut peat based – T3) represented the first factor and three rates of hydrogel NC-MMt (0% – R1, 1.5% – R2 and 2.0% – R3, on a w/w basis) represented the the second factor. Each plot was composed of 16 plants that were compared after three weeks in all the treatments. Root diameter (means of 2.40 mm²), number of leaves (means of 12 leaves per plant), and plant emergency percentage – PEP (means of 86.8% at seven days after sowing – DAS) did not differ significantly amongst all factors. PEP at 14 DAS, plant height, plant height/shoot dry weight ratio, root dry weight, shoot dry weight/root dry weight ratio, leaf area, and Dickinson quality index were responsive to substrates, mainly T1. Root superficial area (RSA) and root volume (RV) were significantly affected by the distinct rates of NC-MMt. Treatments R2 (1.5%) and R3 (2.0%) differ significantly compared to control – R1 (0%). Positive responses for two factors (T1 substrate; R2 and R3 NC-MMt rates) were achieved for stem diameter (SD), RSA, RV values. In addition, no phytotoxic effects were observed. Therefore, tomato seedlings of the cultivar ‘BRS Nagai’ can be efficiently produced by means of one of these combinations.

Search for sources of genetic resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii in tomato and in wild Solanum (section Lycopersicon) accessions

Meloidogyne enterolobii (syn. M. mayaguensis) is an emerging plant pathogen capable of inducing root galls and yield reduction in a wide range of host species. This pathogen has also been reported as a global threat for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop production mainly due to its ability to overcome the Meloidogyne resistance meditated by the Mi-1 gene. Despite the potential importance of this nematode, sources of resistance to M. enterolobii are not yet available for breeding purposes. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate a large Solanum (section Lycopersicon) germplasm (comprising nine species and one botanic variety) aiming to identify useful sources of resistance to M. enterolobii. In the first screening assay, 101 accessions and the susceptible standard S. lycopersicum ‘Santa Cruz’ were inoculated and evaluated under controlled (greenhouse) conditions. Twenty-day-old seedlings were inoculated with a suspension of M. enterolobii eggs (710 eggs per plant) and maintained in expanded 128-cell polystyrene trays during the entire course of the experiment. The phenotypic criteria used for evaluation (done at 45 days after inoculation) were the number of root galls, gall index, number of eggs, and the reproduction factor. Twenty accessions with promising resistant reaction to M. enterolobii in the first screening test were selected and employed in a subsequent assay. Plants of the 20 selected accessions were cultivated in 400 cm3 pots filled with sterile soil. Inoculation procedures were identical to the first assay, but with higher inoculum pressure (3,300 eggs per plant). Three accessions with superior tolerance levels to M. enterolobii were identified viz. S. lycopersicum ‘Yoshimatsu’, S. lycopersicum ‘CNPH 1246’ and S. pimpinelifolium CGO 7650 (= CNPH 1195). These accessions were re-evaluated against a distinct M. enterolobii population as well as against two other root-knot nematode species (M. javanica and one M. incognita race 1). Under higher inoculum pressure, ‘Yoshimatsu’ was found to be resistant to M. javanica and M. incognita race 1, but susceptible to a M. enterolobii from guava. The other two sources displayed susceptibility to all three nematodes. The results indicated additional germplasm screening since no source of stable genetic resistance to M. enterolobii was found so far.