Seedless Barberry Research Articles

Production of probiotic powdered barberry (Berberis vulgaris) juice by cast-tape drying technique

Edible seedless barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is an indigenous Persian fruit containing anthocyanins. Drying techniques provide more access of seasonal fruits. Cast-Tape-drying (CTD) is an innovative, safe and competitive drying technology, which employs hot water thermal energy for dehydration. A Central-composite-design was used to investigate the influence of water temperature (75- 95 °C) and Arabic gum concentration (10- 14%) to produce CT-dried powder. Increasing water temperature decreased moisture content, bulk density, total anthocyanin content (TAC) and total phenol content (TPC) and increased hygroscopicity and hausner ratio (P < 0.05). When Arabic gum concentration increased from 10 to 12%, moisture content, hygroscopicity and bulk density decreased while, hausner ratio, TAC and TPC increased (P < 0.05). Increasing both variables resulted in brighter purple color. Microstructure assay revealed dented particles with sharp edges. Glass transition temperature achieved around 63.6 °C. To promote the functionality, Bacillus coagulans IS2 and Lactobacillus plantarum A7 (109 CFU/g) were incorporated in optimized barberry powder and examined under simulated gastrointestinal condition and during storage. The CTD would be able to be used as a novel method producing powdered barberry juice. By utilizing this technique, it is possible preserve the survivability of B.coagulans, while, L.plantarum may require additional strategies to maintain the survivability during drying.

Quality preservation and decay reduction of minimally processed seedless barberry fruit via postharvest ultrasonic treatment.

Seedless barberry fruit is one of the important horticultural products of Iran, which has health benefits due to great amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. However, fresh barberry fruit has a short shelf life even at cold storage, mainly due to high water content and thin skin that leads to fungal decay and high postharvest loss. We examined the effectiveness of the postharvest ultrasonic technology on the quality preservation and nutritional value of fresh seedless barberry fruit and their decay reduction during cold storage. Experimental treatments were the time and temperature of ultrasound (US) and included: (1) control, fruit without US, (2) 5 min US at 20°C, (3) 5 min US at 30°C, (4) 5 min US at 40°C, (5) 10 min US at 20°C, (6) 10 min US at 30°C, (7) 10 min US at 40°C, (8) 15 min US at 20°C, (9) 15 min US at 30°C, and (10) 15 min US at 40°C. After applying the treatments, the fruits were sealed in polyethylene bags and stored at 4 ± 1°C for 20 days. The results showed that all US treatments had higher titratable acidity, antioxidant activity, phenol content, and vitamin C content than the control. However, the highest titratable acidity and antioxidant activity values were obtained in US treatments at 40°C and 30°C for 15 min. Also, US treatment significantly reduced the total soluble solids, decay percentage, and microbial load of fresh barberry fruit. As the US treatment temperature increased from 20°C to 40°C, the decay and microbial load of fruit significantly decreased. In conclusion, this study proved the potential application of the US for preserving the quality of fresh seedless barberry fruit, and the most optimal US temperature and its application time was 40°C for 15 min.

The First Report on Nutrient Distribution and Resorption in Mature Alternate Bearer Seedless Barberry Trees: Storage Pools of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Carbohydrates

The First Report on Nutrient Distribution and Resorption in Mature Alternate Bearer Seedless Barberry Trees: Storage Pools of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Carbohydrates

Alternate Bearing, Chlorophyll Fluorescence Performance, Vegetative Growth and Fruit Quality of Seedless Barberry Under Different Mulching Treatments

Alternate Bearing, Chlorophyll Fluorescence Performance, Vegetative Growth and Fruit Quality of Seedless Barberry Under Different Mulching Treatments

Interaction of Different Drying Methods and Storage on Appearance, Surface Structure, Energy, and Quality of Berberis vulgaris var. asperma.

Seedless barberry fruit is native small fruit in Iran. To examine the impact of various drying methods and storage on the biochemical attributes (Vitamin C, Anthocyanin, Phenol, pH, TA), color index (a*, b*, L*, ab, and Chroma), drying time, and fruit microstructure (by SEM) of seedless barberry (Berberis vulgaris var. asperma), and effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (Deff), specific energy consumption (SEC), energy efficiency (EE) of the dryers, this experiment was performed. Drying treatments include microwave (100, 170, and 270 W), oven (60 and 70 °C), cabinet (50 and 70 °C), shade, sun, and fresh samples (control) and storage 6 months after drying (in polyethylene packaging and at a temperature of 5–10 °C). Results showed minimum and maximum drying times (50 min and 696 h), were related to microwave (270 W) and shade methods, respectively. The highest color values were observed in fruits treated with control, shade and sun treatments and the lowest values were observed in cabinet (70 °C) methods. According to the SEM results, microwave significantly affected surface structure of the dried sample compared to others. The findings indicated that the use of artificial drying methods than natural methods (sun and shade) cause a more significant reduction in color indexes, while vitamin C, soluble solids, and anthocyanin were significantly maintained at a high level. Storage reduced anthocyanin content of fruits almost 12%. Moreover, it was discovered EE and SEC values varied in the range of 1.16–25.26% and 12.20–1182 MJ/kg, respectively. Deff values were higher in microwave 270 W.

Summer pruning on seedless barberry: preliminary results on alternate bearing behavior

Summer pruning on seedless barberry: preliminary results on alternate bearing behavior

Bioactive Compounds and Quality Attributes of Fresh Seedless Barberry (&lt;em&gt;Berberis vulgaris&lt;/em&gt; L.) at Cold Storage as Influenced by Multiple Spraying of Calcium Nitrate and Potassium Nitrate

Purpose: Seedless barberry is one of the most important small fruits, which is cultivated in dry areas of east of Iran. However, due to high water content (~80%) and thin skin it is susceptible to postharvest decay, and thus it has a short postharvest life. Research Method: This study was carried out to investigate the impact of pre-harvest application of calcium nitrate 0.5% and potassium nitrate 0.5%, and cold storage on biochemical and postharvest quality attributes of fresh seedless barberry fruits in the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Findings: The results showed that both chemicals applied resulted in better appearance and firmness in both years. In addition, control fruit were redder in the 2017 season. Fruit at harvest had the highest content of vitamin C (21.11 mg.100g-1) in 2017 and total phenolic content (7.36 mg.100g-1) in 2018 compared to stored fruit. Interestingly, the highest total anthocyanin was obtained after 30 days of cold storage, 1146.13 and 3071.32 mg.L-1, respectively, in both growing seasons. The appearance and firmness of seedless barberry decreased with an increment of the storage period in both seasons, and the best taste was assessed at harvest time. Moreover, the fruit brightness in 2017 and ‘b*’ and hue color parameters in 2018 decreased as storage time progressed. The highest weight loss percentage in stored fruit was obtained in harvested fruit in both seasons. Research Limitation: The high sensitivity of barberry fruit due to high water content and its thin skin. Originality/ Value: Both chemicals preserved some of the quality properties of barberry fruit during cold storage.

Optimization of Berberine Extraction Conditions from Seedless Barberry and Microencapsulation of the Extract using Complex Coacervation and Gelatin/ Tragacanth (Astragalus rahensis)

Optimization of Berberine Extraction Conditions from Seedless Barberry and Microencapsulation of the Extract using Complex Coacervation and Gelatin/ Tragacanth (Astragalus rahensis)

Ranking novel extraction systems of seedless barberry (Berberis Vulgaris) bioactive compounds with fuzzy logic-based term weighting scheme

In this study, various extraction systems of seedless barberry fruit bioactive compounds (Berberis vulgaris) were ranked using a fuzzy logic-based term weighting scheme (inputs: extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), vitamin C content, anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, time, temperature, pressure). Hot water bath as a control method (C), high-pressure CO2 (HPCD), subcritical water (SCW), and cold press (CP) methods were applied to extract bioactive compounds of the fruit. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the types of anthocyanins. The results show that the highest and lowest yield were obtained for HPCD and SCW treatment (92.5% and 88.7%, respectively; P > 0.05). The TPC ranged from 214.16 (HPCD) to 457.20 (SCW) mg GAE/100 mL (P < 0.05). The suitable content of TPC was extracted by CP (310 mg GAE/100 mL) in less than 5 min. The most and lowest anthocyanin and vitamin C were obtained by HPCD and SCW extract (P < 0.05). In the control and cold press extracts, Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and Cyanidin -3-O-glucoside were dominant, while in HPCD extract Cyanidin -3-O-glucoside had the highest value. The antioxidant activity of various extraction methods decreased in the order of SCW > CP > HPCD > C. The experts introduced all of the extraction factors as important to very important (defuzzification score>75). The final results of fuzzy logic showed that CP, HPCD, and Control methods; had a total score above average (score> 50: 70.44, 67.30, and 65.55, respectively) and can be recommended to extract bioactive compounds from barberry depending on the final purpose and the cost-effectiveness.

Optimization of anthocyanin's and bioactive compounds extraction from seedless barberry fruit with pulsed electric field

Optimization of anthocyanin's and bioactive compounds extraction from seedless barberry fruit with pulsed electric field

The First Successful Report: Control of Browning Problem in in vitro Culture of Iranian Seedless Barberry, a Medicinally Important Species

The First Successful Report: Control of Browning Problem in in vitro Culture of Iranian Seedless Barberry, a Medicinally Important Species

Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Total Carbohydrate of Shoots, VegetativeGrowth and Flower Production in Barberry Plants

Background: The time of gibberellic acid application in the non-bearing year (OFF year) makes the different responses on seedless barberry plants in it (OFF year) and next year (ON year). Objective: The present research was conducted to evaluate the effects of gibberellin sprays applied at different times on barberry plants. Methods: The experiment was performed in three consecutive years (2016 to 2018) in Amirabad, Birjand, Iran. The treatments included: 1) Gibberellic acid (GA3 at 200 ppm), and 2) control (0 ppm), applied six times as foliar spraying on non-bearing trees, between April and September. The foliar sprays and measuring of vegetative traits were done on non-bearing trees in 2016 and 2017. Reproductive traits evaluated on bearing trees in 2017 and 2018. Results: Leaf number, width and length and internode length of current barberry shoots increased significantly. GA3 application significantly decreased by flower and fruit number, TSS/TA and anthocyanin content of fruit juice. Data showed that September might be a very important time for flower induction and differentiation. GA3 application increased the carbohydrate and phenol content of leaves and shoots. Conclusion: It can be concluded that spraying gibberellic acid influences all physiological and reproductive traits of barberry plants.

Physical Properties of Sixteen Indigenous Barberry Genotypes

Introduction: Barberries are a wide class of spiny evergreen or deciduous shrubs belonging to Berberidaceae family that are of great importance due to their nutritional and medicinal properties of their different parts and also their ornamental applications. Genus Berberis, the biggest genus in Berberidaceae, includes more than 660 species. Barberry grows in Asia and Europe; and has been used extensively as a medicinal plant in traditional medicine. In Iranian and Turkish traditional medicine, several properties, such as antibacterial, antipyretic, antipruritic and antiarrhythmic activities have been reported with unknown mechanisms of action. Amazing structural diversity among barberries’ active components makes them a useful source of novel therapeutic compounds. Seedless barberry (Berberis integerrima ‘Asperma’) is one of the Iran’s indigenous valuable medicinal plants. Common asexual propagation of this plant over years and consequently low genetic diversity in populations of the seedless barberry restricts selection outcome in breeding programs. Utilizing the indigenous wild genotypes of barberry genus, which are easily able to cross-pollinate is one of the best methods to increase the genetic diversity. To meet this purpose, several wild seedy barberry genotypes were identified from all over the Iran, collected and established in a collection in Mashhad; then 16 genotypes were selected and their physical properties were studied. Materials and Methods: In this study mature fruits of sixteen unique genotypes (i.e. Iranian seedless barberry and fifteen seedy genotypes) were harvested in October- November, 2015 and kept in refrigerator in order to measure some of their physical properties in fresh fruits (berry dimension, weight of one hundred fresh berries, juice content and color indexes). For other properties, fruits were dried at room temperature. Fruit cluster length was measured by means of a ruler, number of berries/cluster and number of set and aborted seeds/berry by counting, berry dimensions by a digital coulis, weight of one hundred fresh and dried berries, percentage of pulp and seed as well as fruit juice content by a scale with 0.001 accuracy. Moisture content was determined by using an oven with 75 oC temperature for 48 hour. Color indexes including “L”, “a” and “b” were measured by using a chromometer (Model Konica Minolta Chroma Meters CR-410). This study was performed using a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Data were analyzed by Minitab software version 16 using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences among means were determined for significance at p

Influence of Foliar Application of Calcium Nitrate and Potassium Nitrate On Qualitative and Quantitative Traits of Seedless Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.)

Foliar application of nutrient is more efficient than soil-applied. In this project the effect of calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate on qualitative and quantitative traits was investigated in seedless barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.). Seedless barberry shrubs with different reproductive statuses (ON and OFF) were treated with spraying of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) or potassium nitrate (KNO3) solutions at concentration of 0.5% and distilled water (as control) four times during different fruit growth and development stages. The results showed that foliar application of both chemical salts significantly increased the number of clusters per branch, the number of berries per branch and the number of berries per cluster in 2017. The highest and the lowest number of clusters per branch, and the number of berries per branch were obtained in KNO3 and control treatments, respectively in 2018. Also, the greatest number of berries per cluster was recorded in treated plants with Ca(NO3)2 in 2018. The nitrogen content of fruit was higher in Ca(NO3)2 treatment. The highest fruit calcium content was obtained in Ca(NO3)2 treatment in both seasons. Berries treated with distilled water (control) were redder, and the fruits treated with Ca(NO3)2 and KNO3 (0.5%) were brighter in the 2017 season. However, the quality of treated fruit with Ca(NO3)2 and KNO3 (0.5%) was higher than the control in both years. The results showed that foliar spraying with Ca(NO3)2 and KNO3 significantly improved the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of barberry fruit compared to the control.

Grafting Success of Berberis Integerrima Cv Bidaneh on Wild Type Barberries

ABSTRACT The seedless barberry, ‘Bidaneh,’ is one of the most important cultivated small fruits in Iran. This cultivar is propagated only by suckers, and so, the establishment of large-scale orchards is not possible in a short period of time. During this research, different grafting methods were evaluated on the grafting success rate of ‘Bidaneh’ on wild types of barberry. More than 1000 grafts including cleft grafting (with hard shoots and green/semi-hard shoots), omega grafting, T-budding, and chip budding (at mid-spring and late summer) methods were performed for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019). The results showed that the grafting methods have significant effects on the percentage of callus formation and graft success (P < .01). The chip budding method resulted in the maximum callus formation (36.7%), and graft success (30%). The rate of callus formation and graft success in the cleft grafting with semi-hard shoots was 2% and 18%, respectively. No callus formation and graft success were found in the cleft in hard stem and omega grafting methods. The graft success was zero in T-budding, despite of 18.33% callus formation. The results revealed the success of grafting of ‘Bidaneh’ on wild barberry species for the first time. However, increasing the graft success rate requires further research.

Screening of the superior F1 segregating populations of barberry (Berberis spp.) for cultivation based on phenotypic characterizations

Iranian seedless barberry, with a long history in the human diet, is consumed as dried fruit and also has valuable medicinal properties. In the present study, morphological and pomological characters of the F1 interspecific progenies of barberry (Berberis spp.) were evaluated to select superior ones. There were significant variations among the F1 progenies based on the measured characters. Full blooming date ranged from 20 April to 09 May. Fruit ripening date varied from 01 November to 04 December. Besides, 100-fresh berry weight ranged from 9.00–41.00 g with an average of 22.18, while 100-dry berry weight varied from 2.28 to 10.01 g with an average of 5.56. Berry taste was predominantly sour, while very sour, sour-sweet, and sweet tastes were also observed. Berry skin and pulp colors were highly variable, including light orange, bright red, light red, red, crimson, and red-black. Two progenies (0202 and 0205) were seedless, and also in 20 progenies, there was no seed in some berries and only one seed in the rest berries. Principal component analysis (PCA) classified the characters into 21 principal components that could justify 77.74% of the total variance. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) performed with Euclidean distance and Ward’s method divided the progenies into two main clusters based on morphological traits. According to the ideal values of the characters related to fruit quality, including berry weight, berry skin color, berry taste, seedless, and/or small seed, 11 progenies were promising that might be directly cultivated and used in breeding programs.

Anthocyanin Accumulation and Color Development in Seedless Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) Fruits: The Role of Altitude and Sun Light - the Preliminary Results

ABSTRACT The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of direct sun-light on color development of seedless barberry fruit. The selected orchards were in different locations (with different altitude). On some trees, some inflorescences were chosen to cover as bagged (excluded from direct sun-light). Some cases also used as non-bagged. Bagging was done in different times during growing season. Results showed that in all regions, day temperatures were higher than 20°C, and night was lower than 30°C. The lowest difference of day-night temperatures observed in Marvak. Bagging showed a significant effect on anthocyanin (ant), hue angle (h*), lightness and redness (a*). Bagging time significantly influenced chroma (C*) and b/a values. Ant, C*, a*, and a/b values significantly affected by location characteristics specifically altitude, and the highest ant and a* value observed in Marvak. In all locations, the highest value of ant and h* observed with not-bagged fruits. The highest value of a* obtained in not-bagged fruits. It is concluded that direct sun is needed for color development of barberry fruits, however, night-cool temperatures also are important for anthocyanin accumulation of this fruit.

Correction to: Use of response surface methodology for optimizing the media of establishment and proliferation phases of Iranian seedless barberry

There was a mix-up of figures, figure captions and citations throughout the initial online publication. The original article has been corrected.

Use of response surface methodology for optimizing the media of establishment and proliferation phases of Iranian seedless barberry

Use of response surface methodology for optimizing the media of establishment and proliferation phases of Iranian seedless barberry

Effect of Iron Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles of on Callus Viability of Seedless Barberry

Effect of Iron Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles of on Callus Viability of Seedless Barberry