Seed Tuber Weight Research Articles

Kajian Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) dengan Variasi Umbi Benih

The effect of seed tuber weight on the growth and production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) is intended to determine the efficiency of using tubers as seed material in potato cultivation. The single factor experiment was carried out using a randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 8 treatments, namely treatment A (Granolla variety with tuber weight 28 – 30 g), B (Granolla variety with tuber weight 31 – 45 g), C (Granolla variety with tuber weight 46 – 60 g), D HPS variety with tuber weight 31 – 45 g (Granolla variety with tuber weight 61 – 80 g), E (HPS variety with tuber weight 28 – 30 g), F (HPS variety with tuber weight 31 – 45 g), G (HPS variety with tuber weight 46 – 60 g), and H treatment (HPS variety with tuber weight 61 – 80 g). Each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed that the results were better for tubers weighing 46 - 60 g than tubers weighing 28 - 45 g, and the results were the same compared to tubers weighing 61 - 80 g, both for the HPS variety and the granolla variety. In developing potato cultivation, it is necessary to pay attention to the availability of quality seeds, the weight of the seed tubers and varieties that are suitable for the land environment. By increasing the production of quality tuber seeds, it is hoped that it can contribute to increasing productivity and potato production

EVALUATING THE CORRELATION OF PLOIDY LEVEL, LEAF SIZE, STOMATA CHARACTERISTICS AND TUBER WEIGHT IN Dioscorea spp. POPULATIONS FROM JALISCO, MÉXICO

<p><strong>Background. </strong>“Camote de cerro” (<em>Dioscorea </em>spp.) is a plant of great importance in West rural areas of Mexico as food source and alternative medicine. <em>Dioscorea</em> is an important crop around the world for its carbohydrate contribution to diets. Yams are polyploid plants, and species with modifications at ploidy level also present changes in leaf size and stomata characteristics. These variations can favor resistance to adverse conditions. <strong>Objective.</strong> In the present study, evaluation and correlation of ploidy levels, leaf size, stomata characteristics and tuber weight were carried out for <em>Dioscorea </em><em>remotiflora</em> Kunth and <em>Dioscorea sparsiflora </em>Hemsley<em> </em>in accessions obtained from 11 localities in México. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Chromosome counting was carried out in root meristems<em>. </em>Measuring and counting stomata were carried out. Productivity rate (PR) was calculated dividing harvested tuber weight over seed tuber weight, for each experimental unit. Leaves width and length were measured<em>.</em> <strong>Results.</strong> Show that variation is higher among different localities than among specimens from the same locality. Significant differences were observed for, ploidy levels (P), stomata dimensions and number of chloroplasts in stomata. Differences in chloroplast numbers present in occlusive cells were also significant for different species. <strong>Implications.</strong> Ploidy level showed a relation with chloroplasts numbers in stomata and stomata width. Leaf size presented a relation with stomata dimensions, and leaf width showed a relation with tuber weight. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> These observations allowed us to determine that there are variation among populations; stomata width and chloroplast number in a population can help to determine ploidy levels, and leaf width is a response variable that allows to predict tuber weight.</p>

Effect Of Branch Pruning and Seed Seed Weight On Plant Growth And Years Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of branch pruning and tuber weight on the growth and yield of potato. The research was carried out from April to July 2021 in the Mberas Hamlet, Tukul Village, Sumber District, Probolinggo Regency. This research was conducted using a factorial randomized block design method with two factors. The first factor was pruning secondary branches which consisted of 4 treatment levels. The second factor was the weight of the seed tubers which consisted of 3 treatment levels. Variable observations consisted of main plant height, number of main stems, number of leaves, number of cassava planted, weight of tubers planted, weight of wet stover, dry stover per plant, production per hectare. Data will be analyzed by means of the F test at the 5% level, if it shows significantly different results it will be followed by 5% BNT test for the single treatment and Ducan's multiple range test or DMRT at the 5% level for the interaction treatment. The conclusions of this study were P3 pruning treatment had a very significant effect on plant height parameters. Treatment of B3 seed tuber weight had a very significant effect on plant height parameters, number of stems main, number of leaves, number of tubers planted, weight of tubers planted, dry and wet stover. There was an interaction between the pruning treatment of six branches and the weight of the seed tubers of 40-49 g on the parameters of plant height aged 14.21 and 28 DAP

Screening of potato cv. Florice against potato wart and Fusarium oxysporum using different planting densities based on the weight of the tubers

Potato wart and fusarium diseases are increasing rapidly in the potato producing areas of Turkey and are gradually becoming a cause of concern potato-based Turkish economy. Therefore, taking of early measures against both diseases are of great importance. Seed mini tubers regenerated under in vitro conditions have a significant role to produce disease-free tubers for use as plants. This research was conducted at Ankara province, in the Central Anatolia (hot-humid continental climate conditions (Dsb- as per koppen Geiger climate classification), in 2015-2016 growing seasons for 2 years. The mini tubers were planted in 5 different planting densities (70×10 cm, 70×15 cm, 70×20 cm, 70×25 cm, 70 × 30 cm) by using in vitro regenerated mini tubers belonging to 3 categories (5-10 g, 11-20 g and 21 -30 g) during 2015 and 2016 at Ankara in the Central Anatolia (hot-humid continental climate conditions (Dsb- as per koppen Geiger climate classification), belonging to the cv. Florice. A comparison was made for mean tuber weight per plant (g), number of tubers per plant (number/plant), Total weight of all tubersper plant (g/plant) and yield (kg/ha) at the time of harvest. The findings of the study showed that average tuber weight and number per plant, Total tuber weight per plant increased positively, and yield decreased by increasing the seed tuber weight and row to plant-to-plant distance between plants, when the results of the two years were compared. It was found that the weight changed from tuber weight was 91.3 g and 48.8 g/plant, number of tubers per plant was 5.5 and 5.3, Total tuber weight per plant was and 373.8 and 201.0 g/plant for first and 2nd year respectively without showing any signs of wart and fusarium regardless of the density of the plants. The maximum seed yields per hectare was 32,272 kg and 15,082 kg, during 2015 and 2016, respectively. When the tuber distribution was compared, the maximum of 40% and 39% tubers attained diameter of 35-60 mm and 25-35 mm in the first year and 2nd years in the same order. No wart and fusarium rot was noted on the tubers irrespective of the row to plant to plant distance in each plot. Maximum yield was obtained by planting large tubers (21-30 g) using planting density of 70 ×10 cm. The results recommended use of Ankara as an alternative place for the production of wart and fusarium rot free potato seed production area

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE ADAPTED YAM MINISETT TECHNIQUE IN NIGERIA – PLANTING DATE AND GENDER OF THE FARMER

SUMMARYThis paper describes the results of 3 year's data from farmers using the Adaptive Yam Minisett Technique (AYMT) to produce seed yams in Nigeria. A total of 30 sites were established each year between 2013 and 2015 in the Idah area (Kogi State) of Nigeria and 58 plots in the Amoke area (Benue State) in 2015. Each site had yam setts (80 to 100 g) untreated and treated with a pesticide ‘dip’ prior to planting and farmers (male and female) were free to select the variety and manage the sites as they wished. In line with previous research, the results suggest that treatment does increase the weight of tubers produced by a sett but not necessarily the number of tubers. Varietal differences were also observed. For the first time, the results suggest that the time of planting does have a significant impact on seed tuber weight, with later planting leading to small tubers. Also, the gender of the farmer had an impact on some of the agronomic variables, with male owners of the site generally producing more and larger tubers per sett planted and sprouted than female owners. Various mechanisms for the latter are discussed in the paper.

Effects of seed tuber weight and intrarow spacing on the development of shoots and new tubers in Chinese yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia‘Tsukuneimo’)

Effects of seed tuber weight and intrarow spacing on the development of shoots and new tubers in Chinese yam (<i>Dioscorea oppositifolia</i>‘Tsukuneimo’)

해발고도별 반하 종구 무게가 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향

The plant growth and yield of Pinellia lernata (Thunb.) Breit. were studied by altitude and tuber weight. The emergence rates in low land area were not different by tuber weights, but it showed earlier emergence date in heavier weight of seed-tuber and low land area. The higher aerial growth such as plant height and number of leaves per plant was the heavier tuber weight in a planting year, but the growth was not different by the weight of tuber at second year after planting. The distribution pattern of tuber size perm` was not influenced by different seed-tuber weight. The number of harvested tuber was highest at more than 1 g of tuber weight, and followed I-2g and less than 2g. The distribution pattern of fresh tuber yield was not influenced by different altitude and seed-tuber weight. The marketable tuber, 2 g or more, tends to produced with more than 0.6 g seed-tuber. As the results above-mentioned, it was thought that the high yield was supposed to use seed-tuber over 0.6 g in the fertile soil.

Research on potato seed-use practices: planting times and seed tuber weight in relation to cultivar

Research on potato was carried out near Naples (southern Italy) to obtain the so-called seed-use tubers starting from certified seeds. One experiment was carried out in 2003 to compare three planting times (January 19, February 18 and March 20) in factorial combination with three cultivars (Adora, Spunta and Timate), arranging a split-plot design with three replicates. Planting time influenced productive results: tuber yield and number showed increases with the planting delay, whereas their mean weight had the opposite trend. Cultivar Adora was found to be the most productive. A second experiment was carried out in 2004 to compare three seed weights (40±2, 50±2 and 60±2 grams) in factorial combination with three cultivars (Adora, Spunta and Timate), according to a split-plot design with three replicates. Tuber yield and number decreased with the reduc- tion in seed tuber weight. 'Spunta' performed best and 'Adora' produced the smallest seed-use fraction (28-45 mm tubers). Results indicate that while planting delay gives seed tubers a higher probability of reaching physi- ological ripening, it causes a later harvest, which is more exposed to viral infections, reduces the time interval between two subsequent cycles and thus gives rise to quiescent tubers for subsequent summer planting. With regard to optimal seed tuber weight, 60 g was the most effective for yield performance and 50 g the most suitable for seed-oriented production.

「イチョウイモ」の花穂と新芋の発育に及ぼす日長と種芋重の組み合わせ処理の影響

'イチョウイモ'の主枝, 花穂, ムカゴおよび新芋の発育に及ぼす日長と種芋重の組み合わせ処理の影響について調べた.その結果, 主枝の発育は24時間日長と大きな種芋の組み合わせによって促進され, 8時間日長と小さな種芋の組み合わせによって遅延された.主枝の伸長停止時期は8時間日長と小さい種芋との組み合わせで早まった.花穂の発育は, 8時間日長でも24時間日長でも, 25g以上の種芋から育てられた個体で認められ, その割合は種芋重の重いほど高くなった.第1花穂着生節位は8時間日長の方が24時間日長よりも低く, 出蕾日も早かった.花穂数は24時間日長の方が8時間日長よりも多く, 種芋重の重くなるほど多かった.ムカゴと新芋の初期の発育は8時間日長の種芋重10&acd;50g区で旺盛で, 8時間日長の種芋重100gと24時間日長の種芋重5&acd;100gで遅れた.ムカゴと新芋の最終発育量は主枝の発育の優れた24時間日長区で大きく, 種芋の重いほど重くなった.しかし, 葉重に対するムカゴと新芋の合計重比は, 8時間日長でも24時間日長でも, 小さい種芋区ほど高かったので, 種芋の小さいほどムカゴと新芋の初期の発育は促進されたとみられた.

The impact of some agronomic factors on the variability of potato tuber size distribution

Using data from a wide range of experiments, the effects of some agronomic factors on the variability of the tuber size distribution were calculated. The factors studied were nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), seed-tuber planting density, physiological age, date of harvest, seed-tuber weight, irrigation, cultivar and site of production. There were significant effects of N, date of harvest, cultivar and site of production on the variability of the tuber size distribution measured as the coefficient of variation (CV) of tuber size. The CV increased with higher levels of aplied N and with later harvesting. The largest effect, but one that was unquantifiable, was that of site of production. These results demonstrate that the uniformity of tuber size distribution can vary and suggest that work to understand the reasons for this would be valuable.

An approach to determining optimum tuber planting densities in early potato varieties

SUMMARYThirteen experiments conducted near Tenby, Dyfed, between 1973 and 1980, examined the effects of seed-tuber weight and within-row spacing on tuber yields of seven potato varieties grown for early production. These data have been used in an attempt to develop an approach to the determination of optimum tuber planting densities in early crops which will provide agronomists with logically applicable principles. Tuber planting densities, which maximized the net crop return (ware value minus seed cost), were estimated for eight ratios of seed cost to ware value ranging from 0·25 to 8·0. Optimum tuber planting densities decreased with the use of higher ratios of seed cost: ware value and heavier seed, except for ratios of 0·25 and 0·50 applied to yields of tubers &gt; 25 mm harvested in June. In general, later harvesting together with the use of larger riddle sizes give a lower optimum density with ratios &lt; 2·2·0. Optimum densities for Red Craigs Royal, Ulster Sceptre and Vanessa were higher than for the other varieties.The results provide an illustration of how to approach the problem of selecting tuber planting densities in order to maximize net crop returns in early potato varieties.

Effects of seed crop husbandry, seed source, seed tuber weight and seed rate on the growth of ware potato crops

SUMMARYThe results of 20 experiments which compared seed from July-planted crops with seed from earlier planted (April-May) crops either grown locally or from certified seed-producing areas are reported. The effects of dates of planting and harvesting of late-planted seed crops and seed storage temperature were examined in eight experiments. In five experiments, the effect of seed rate was studied on two weights of seed-tubers in the July-planted crops.Tubers of several cultivars from the July-planted crops ended their dormancy close to the normal planting time of ware crops, 2–4 months later than tubers from spring-planted crops grown either locally or in areas certified for seed production. Tubers from seed crops planted in July produced fewer mainstems in ware crops than tubers from spring-planted crops, but effects on stem density were usually too small to have any significant effect on foliar ground cover and consequently on tuber yield. Date of planting the seed crops in July and date of harvest of the seed-tubers had no effect on sprout or ware crop growth in Record or Wilja. Ware tuber yields were similar for the different seed sources in 12 out of 15 experiments, suggesting little difference in the performance of tubers from seed crops planted early and late in the season.At equivalent seed rates, small seed-tubers (12·5 ± 2·5 g) from July-planted seed crops usually produced more stems and tubers and greater ware yields than larger tubers (37·5 ± 2·5 g). For the smaller seed, the results suggested optimum seed rates for ware tuber yields of c. 0·88, 0·88 and 0·59 t/ha for Wilja, Record and Saturna, respectively. These are substantially lower than those currently used in the UK. For the larger seed, rates of c. 2·64, 2·64 and 1·76 t/ha were adequate for Wilja, Record and Saturna, respectively.

Determination of optimum tuber planting density in the potato varieties Pentland Squire, Cara, Estima, Maris Piper and King Edward

SummaryThirty-two experiments examining the effects of the weight and within-row spacing of potato seed tubers on graded tuber yields of five varieties were conducted on eight sites from 1980 to 1985. A complex analysis technique was used to combine these data and estimate the optimum tuber planting densities for different ratios of seed cost to small (40–60 mm) and large (60–80 mm) ware value. The same technique could be applied to any other combination of seed cost, ware size and ware value.The optimum tuber planting density decreased with increasing seed-tuber weight. Differences in optimum planting density between varieties were much greater with small (35 g) than with large (105 g) seed tubers and decreased as the cost of seed increased relative to the value of ware. As large ware became worth more than small ware the influence of increasing seed cost on the optimum density was reduced. As the value of large ware increased, net returns increased and the effect of seed cost on net returns was reduced. Mean tuber size decreased with increasing stem density at harvest and at the same stem density was lower in varieties producing more daughter tubers/stem. Changes of mean tuber size (μ) and the spread of yield across size grades (σ) with time were well described by parallel curves in different varieties. It is suggested that in future it may not be necessary to determine optimum tuber planting densities by complex experiments involving several seed-tuber weights and spacings. Instead μ and σ could be estimated from simple experiments and tuber spacings determined by comparison with control varieties.

The feasibility of predicting the number of stems per tuber produced by potato seed stocks from measurements made before planting

The number of stems per seed tuber produced by 17 seed stocks of cv. Record was determined in glasshouse and field experiments to assess the feasibility of predicting the number of stems produced in the field. Multiple regression analysis showed that seed tuber weight alone gave the most satisfactory fit to stems produced in the field, which was not improved by adding terms involving the number of stems produced in the glasshouse.

Determination of optimum tuber planting density for production of tubers in processing ware grades in the potato variety Record

SUMMARYA series of experiments examining the influences of size and spacing of planted potato tubers (‘seed’ tubers) on tuber yields was conducted at four sites in the UK in 1982–84. A new approach to data analysis was used to estimate the optimum tuber planting density for different ware grades. The optimum density, which maximized returns, decreased with increasing seed tuber weight and ratio of seed-tuber cost to ware value and with lower than average total tuber yields. Changing the required ware grade from 40–65 mm to 40–80 mm had a minimal effect on the optimum tuber planting density.Optimum tuber planting densities were lower than in published recommendations but this disparity appeared to be accounted for by differences in the number of stems produced by each planted tuber. There was some evidence that, with lower seed-tuber weights, the optimum planting density differed with site and that at optimum economic densities small and medium seed tubers outyielded large seed tubers.

The effect of seed tuber weight on characters in the first and the second clonal generation of potato populations

Fifty-five populations from crosses of three Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum cultivars and seven selected S. tuberosum ssp. andigena clones adapted to the northern temperate zone have been studied in the seedling and the first and second clonal generation. This paper only deals with the effect of seed tuber weight on various important agronomic characters which are selected for in early clonal generations, independently of the type of crosses.

Some effects of seed source on early growth in Maris Peer potatoes

SUMMARYPotato seed tubers cv. Maris Peer obtained from a number of sources in England and Scotland were graded into a range of weights and after storage for approximately 3 or 7 months in 1971 or 3 months in 1972 they were planted to determine the effect of seed source on early foliage growth.In both years there were large differences between seed sources on the effect of seed tuber weight on the dry weight of foliage produced in a glasshouse from seed stored for 3 months. In some instances small seed from one source produced the same weight of foliage as large seed from another source. In 1971 after seed storage for 7 months there was no effect of source on foliage dry weight produced in the field. There was, however, no consistent effect of the site of production of the parent seed, of fertilizer treatments of the seed crop, or of N content of the seed tubers. Seed tuber N content increased, though not proportionally, with an increase in seed weight. It was unaffected by source except for seed tubers from one site m 1972.

The determination and economic analysis of relationships between plant population and yield of main crop potatoes

SUMMARYTwo experiments designed to provide data for the estimation of functional relationships, which may be used to determine economically optimum plant populations and planting patterns in Desire'e potatoes, are described. Functional relationships between the number of main stems per acre and yield per acre were estimated from the results of experiment (i). Experiment (ii) investigated the relationship between stem number per tuber and seed tuber weight. ‘Square root’ functions estimated for seed yield and ware yield from the results of Exp. (i) were used to calculate a total Financial Returns curve. This returns curve, together with the Cobb-Douglas function estimated from the results of Exp. (ii), was used to calculate the stem numbers per acre, which would give maximum returns per acre and economically optimum returns in different cost/price situations.