Samples Of Seeds Research Articles

Yield and Chemical Characteristics of Salvia hispanica L. (Chia) Oil from Native Seeds from Four Provenances of Guatemala.

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a plant from the Lamiaceae family that has been used as ancestral food, medicine, and oil, with culinary, artistic, and religious purposes by most of the Mesoamerican civilizations. Native from Mesoamerica, introduced into South America, Australia, and Europe, it is presently consumed as a nutritional and functional food. This research aims to characterize ancient native cultivars from four provenances in Guatemala to recommend their direct consumption by the population as well as to establish its trade. Seed samples were collected in four places where they have been cultivated for several generations. The oil was obtained by expression and analyzed chemically by gas chromatography following standard qualitative and quantitative methods. Variations in oil yield and some of the characteristic parameters of the phytochemical analysis were obtained. In general, the profile was similar to most of the reported data in the literature, with the saturated fatty acids (8.54-9.25%) relatively lower than the references (7.95-11.45%) but a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty oils, particularly of omega-3 (64.68-68.62%). The oil from native cultivars contains high quantities of omega-3, which might help pregnant women during gestation and to control other conditions such as metabolic syndrome, particularly in low- and middle-income populations where these seeds are consumed regularly. The suggestion is made to encourage the cultivation and use of these ancestral seeds with the possibility of commercialization abroad with an appellation of origin label.

Genotypic difference in physico-chemical grain composition of three species of grain amaranth selected for the Brazilian Savannah

Seventeen genotypes, representing three species of grain amaranth, were analyzed for physico-chemical components. These genotypes are considered outstanding in terms of agronomical performance, necessitating an understanding of protein, lipids, fiber, and carbohydrate content. It has been demonstrated that A. cruentus, A. hypochondriacus, and A. caudatus differ in the content and properties of these compounds. Based on field experiments conducted in the Brazilian Savannahs, these genotypes were initially tested for germination and vigor after 12 years of storage under low moisture conditions at 10°C in air-tight plastic bags. Assuming that the physico-chemical characteristics were maintained, as indicated by an average 80% germination rate, samples of amaranth seeds were milled and used for analysis. The results indicate protein content below expectations, with the highest values above 14g per 100g, while lipids, fiber, and carbohydrates are within the expected range. The possible factors to explain these results are related to the cultivation environment, although genotypic differences are also significant. Additional testing with broad-based selected lines is necessary to improve selection for both agronomic and physico-chemical composition. The present results suggest that efforts should be concentrated on A. cruentus and A. hypochondriacus.

Mycological and Mycotoxicological Producing Potential of Isolates from Fermented Melon Seeds [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Matsun ‘Egusi kirikiri’

This study identified and examined fungal presumed producing mycotoxins in fermented melon seed condiment (ogiri). The samples were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar and Sabouraud Dextrose agar to identify fungi. The detection of mycotoxins in the fermented melon seeds samples was carried out by the use of Coconut Agar Media (CAM), by which the fungal isolates were cultured and plates incubated for 3-7days at 280C. The mycobiota of fermented melon seed revealed of many species belonging to the Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp, Cladosporium spp, and Rhizopus oryzae. Among all the fungi identified in the study, Aspergillus spp has the highest prevalence rate (44.4%) while Penicillium spp, and Rhizopus oryzae have same value (22.2%).the lowest is Cladosporium spp with (11.1%) and its presence can be attributed to decaying of the samples. The results obtained show that some of the fungal isolates had the ability to produce mycotoxins. From the mycotoxin screening, only six (6) species (Aspergillus spp, and Penicillium spp) were positive (+), Cladosporium spp, and Rhizopus oryzae were negative (-). Mycotoxin contamination level varied in different market locations in which Swali Market had the highest level of mycotoxin (50%) followed by Opolo Market (33.3%) and Tombia Market (16.7%). Mycotoxigenic producing fungi and mycotoxin levels in fermented melon seed samples are public health concern. Meanwhile, the occurrence of the pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus) in fermented melon seed can affect its shelf life and can also cause severe health challenges.

Exploring Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation in Allium fistulosum L. Seeds Exposed to Different Storage Conditions

The purpose of this work was to investigate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Allium fistulosum seeds stored under different conditions. Optimized seed storage conditions are essential to maintain seed viability, otherwise accumulation of ROS-induced oxidative damage can lead to seed aging. The A. fistulosum seed lots used in this study have been selected based on their breeding background and reproduction site. Seed samples were stored up to 22 months under six different conditions of temperature (25, 10, and 7.5 °C) and relative humidity (RH) (25% and 45% RH). A germination test and ROS quantification assay were performed on the samples collected after 12 and 22 months of storage, respectively. Within a time-window of 10 months, the tested seed lots evidenced a decrease in the germination rate associated with increased ROS levels. Correlation analysis also showed that ROS production was influenced by genotype. The reported data showed that ROS accumulation was dependent on the storage condition and genotype. Some of the tested seed lots appeared to be prone to ROS accumulation, independent of storage conditions. On the other hand, specific condition storages (25 °C, 25% RH; 25 °C, 45% RH; 10 °C, 25% RH; 7.5 °C, 25% RH) resulted in a lower impact on seed aging.

Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Determination of Antioxidant Properties of Watermelon Rinds and Seeds

In this present age of food insecurity, it is essential to source for agricultural waste that can be nutritionally beneficial to humans and animals. Watermelon rinds and seeds are regarded as agricultural wastes which need to be utilized for human and animal nutrition. This research work is aimed at examining the extractive values, qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemicals and antioxidants properties in watermelon rinds and seeds and their solvent extracts using six different solvents. The rinds and seeds of watermelon fruits were obtained, rinsed, cut into smaller pieces, air-dried, ground into powdery sample, and sieved with 40 mm mesh size. 20 g each of sample was extracted using 200 mL of six different solvents (acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water) for 72 h. Each solvent extract was screened for twelve phytochemicals (flavonoid, phenol, reducing sugar, tannin, saponin, alkaloid, volatile oil, quinone, cardiac glycoside terpenoids, steroids and phlobatannin). The extractive values of watermelon rinds ranged from 1.51±0.26% to 13.56±0.20% while that of watermelon seeds ranged from 3.54±0.16% to 10.17±0.19% in all the six solvents used. Acetone and methanol had the higher extractable phytochemicals (41.67%) in watermelon rinds while methanol, ethyl acetate and ethanol (58.33 – 66.67%) had the highest extractable phytochemicals in watermelon seeds. Water and methanol extracts of watermelon rinds had higher total phenol, DPPH and Iron (Fe2+) chelation assay than raw sample of watermelon rinds. Water and methanol extracts of watermelon rinds had higher iron (Fe2+) chelation assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than raw sample of watermelon seeds. Methanol extract of watermelon seeds had higher total flavonoid, total phenol and DPPH than raw sample of watermelon seeds.

The fate of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli on alfalfa and fenugreek seeds and sprouts as affected by ascaroside #18 treatments

Alfalfa and fenugreek sprouts are healthy foods, but they are occasionally contaminated with bacterial pathogens and serve as vehicles for transmitting foodborne illnesses. This study examined the efficacy of ascaroside (ascr)#18 treatment for the control of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) growth on sprouts. Commercial alfalfa and fenugreek seeds were decontaminated with 20,000 ppm of NaClO, and residual chlorine was neutralized with Dey-Engley broth. Decontaminated seeds were treated with 1 mM or 1 μM ascr#18, a plant immunity modulator, before being dried and mixed with sandy soil inoculated with E. coli F4546 or BAA-2326 at 104–105 CFU/g. The inoculated seeds were sprouted on 1 % water agar at 25 °C for 7 days in the dark. Seed or sprout samples were collected on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 for enumeration of bacterial populations. Data was fit into the general linear model and analyzed using Fisher's least significant different test of the statistical analysis software. Treatment with ascr#18 significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the cell population of EHEC on sprouts. The mean EHEC populations in the 1 mM or 1 μM treatment groups were 3.31 or 1.56 log CFU/g lower compared to the control groups. Besides treatment, sprout seed type and sprouting time were also significant independent variables influencing the growth of EHEC, according to the results of type III error analysis. However, EHEC strain type was not a significant independent variable. The study suggests that ascr#18 could be potentially used to control EHEC contamination and improve the microbial safety of sprouts.

Discrimination of Thai melon seeds using near-infrared spectroscopy and adaptive self-organizing maps

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a popular fruit consumed around the world. It has significant economic value as a crop, export product, and source of essential nutrients. Thus, using high-quality, authentic seed varieties is the first step toward achieving impactful agricultural production. Unfortunately, distinguishing between seed varieties using only human perception can be difficult because of their similar traits. Thus, dishonest distributors may trade low-quality seeds for high-quality seeds. In this study, seeds from five Thai melon varieties, Singapore Thai melon (ST), Nan Thai melon (NT), Round Thai melon (RT), Striped Singapore Thai melon (SST), and Golden and Long Thai melon (GLT), were classified using a distinctive discrimination method that combines modified self-organizing maps (SOMs) with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The physical characteristics, morphology, and thermal behavior of the seeds were also examined through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared, and NIR spectroscopy revealed that different varieties of melon seeds possess significant variations in lignin content and carbohydrate composition. Seed samples from the five Thai melon varieties were further classified using a modified SOM map created with optimized scaling value, map size, and a number of iteration parameters. Binary classification with the One vs Rest strategy and multiclass classification was performed to verify the constructed classifier model. The supervised SOMs developed herein can achieve the multiclassification of seed types effectively and efficiently, with a high accuracy of 95.52 % for the training set and 91.59 % for the test set, which were significantly superior to those of well-established discrimination models.

Chemical Composition and In Vitro Nutritive Evaluation of Pomegranate and Artichoke Fractions as Ruminant Feed

The aim of this work was to assess the chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of samples (n = 3) of pomegranate (peels (PPs) and seeds (PSs)) and artichoke (hearts (AHs) and stems (ASs)) wastes. Dried orange pulp (DOP) and tomato pomace (TP) were used as reference feeds. All wastes had low dry matter (DM; lower than 33.0 and 12.0% for pomegranate and artichoke, respectively). The DM of pomegranate fractions was rich in sugars (>42.0%) and contained low protein (<8.0%) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF; <27.0%), whereas that of both artichoke fractions had high protein (>18.0%) and NDF (>36.0%) and low sugars content (<9.2%). Pomegranate seeds were more rapidly and extensively fermented in vitro than PPs, but both were less degradable and contained less metabolizable energy (ME) than DOP (7.43, 11.0 and 12.5 MJ ME/kg DM, respectively). Although AHs were more rapidly fermented and produced more volatile fatty acids (VFAs) than ASs, both had lower ME content than TP (9.50, 7.25 and 12.5 MJ ME/kg DM). The analyzed wastes had lower ME content than other by-products, but they were extensively fermented by ruminal microorganisms and could be used as ruminant feeds.

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Using Imbibed Seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is used to analyze the targeting of a protein to a specific region of chromatin in vivo. Here, we present an instructive ChIP protocol for Arabidopsis imbibed seeds. The protocol covers all steps, from the sampling of imbibed seeds to the reverse crosslinking of immunoprecipitated protein-DNA complexes, and includes experimental tips and notes. The targeting of the protein to DNA is determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) using reverse crosslinked DNA. The protocol can be further scaled up for ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis. As an example of the protocol, we include a ChIP-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) analysis demonstrating the targeting of PIF1 to the ABI5 promoter.

GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Methanolic Extracts of Stem and Seed Samples of Distimake spp.

GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Methanolic Extracts of Stem and Seed Samples of Distimake spp.

Optical analysis of the physiological quality of Triticum aestivum L. seeds with two vigor levels treated with Thiamethoxam

Insecticide treatment shields plants from pests. The standard tests are the ones that are most frequently used. However, some results may be unreliable or insensitive. Optical techniques such as ultra-weak photon emission and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can aid standard tests. In this study, two samples of wheat seeds were subjected to the accelerated aging test, resulting in two vigor levels. Every sample was divided into two groups (control and treated). The treated groups received 150 mL of Thiamethoxam for each 100 kg of seeds. The results showed that the length of the aerial part was insensitive. However, the length of the primary root showed the treated group (73% of the germination) was statistically different. The total photon counts and temporal slope profile averages associated with the ultra-weak photon emission for the treated group (73%) showed a significant difference between the control groups (73% and 94% of germination). Principal component analysis revealed differences between groups of distinct seed vigor levels. Still, it did not show differences between the groups treated and untreated. By comparing the results, optical techniques can be used to assess seed physiological quality, particularly the vigor level.

Identification of sunflower seed pathogens and their effect on seed germination against the background of plant damage by Septoria leaf spot

Many pathogens spread with sunflower seeds, which later cause plant diseases. The aim of our work was to isolate and identify sunflower seed pathogens and to investigate their effect on the germination of seeds that were formed on plants with different degrees of damage by Septoria leaf spot. Field germination of seeds was analyzed on a stationary artificial infectious background in 2020–2021, and laboratory germination and phytopathological analysis – out in laboratory conditions in 2021. All four experimental samples were found to be infected with seed infection, and the level of pathogen infection ranged from 5% to 75%. The isolated pathogens belonged to the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Trichoderma and Penicillium. A bacterial infection was also detected. Most pathogens were found on seeds that were formed on plants affected by Septoria leaf spot. The main pathogens here were representatives of the genera Alternaria with infection from 45% to 75%, Cladosporim – 10% and bacterial infection – from 15% to 25%. The smallest number of pathogens was isolated on the seeds of healthy plants. Seed samples, both in the field and in the laboratory, differed significantly in terms of germination. It was found that the highest level of seed infection with various pathogens was characteristic of samples with low germination. The presence of the Alternaria pathogen had a negative effect on seed germination. No infection of sunflower seeds with Septoria leaf spot was detected, despite the high level of damage by this disease to the plants on which it was formed

Micobiota de frutos secos provenientes de diferentes regiones de México

Background: Tree nuts and dried fruits are very profitable products, highly vulnerable to contamination and subsequent deterioration by molds such as Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus spp. In Mexico, microbial contamination of nuts and dried fruits, particularly of the product sold for bulk consumption, which also has a lax regulation. Objectives: To study the fungal contamination status of peanuts, pecans, pumpkin seeds and walnuts from different regions of the country. Methods: The moisture content and water activity of 111 samples of peanuts (36), pecans (30), walnuts (12) and pumpkin seeds (33) were measured. Additionally, the different species of molds present in the samples were isolated and identified. Results and conclusions: Only some samples, mainly pumpkin seed, were found with mold and yeast contents above what is allowed by Mexican regulations. However, many samples were contaminated with toxigenic mold species, such as Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp., as well as other deteriorating molds. Although contamination levels do not seem to be cause for alarm, the sale of nuts in bulk should be monitored and regulated, as there is a potential risk to the consumer if storage conditions are not adequate.

Coating Corn Seeds with Silver Using DC Magnetron Plasma to Protect Them from Biological Effects

The silver was sputtered as layers on corn seeds using a direct current plasma planar magnetron sputtering. Three samples of corn seeds coated with silver resulted from varying the sputtering times 1,2, and 3 min. AFM and XRD technique were used to study the surface morphology of Ag thin films and structure properties. Cultivation of corn grains treated with the three levels of sputtering individually 1, 2 and 3 minutes did not affect the germination percentage. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer’s findings showed that the amounts of silver in plant of the control treatment (without sputtering) did not differ significantly from the spraying treatment for the three levels, where it was 0.350 ppm and for sputtering treatment at levels 1,2,3 minutes and the gum Arabic treatment were 0.363, 0.368, 0.385, 0.382 ppm respectively.

Metal and pesticide residues levels accumulated in leafy vegetables and several fragrant medicinal plants in Baghdad Governorate / Iraq

The levels of some heavy metals (cadmium, lead, chromium) and pesticide residues (Malathion, Dimethoate, Profernofoes, PrimiohosMe) were estimated in some aromatic medicinal plants (chamomile, anise seeds, coriander, fennel) and leafy vegetables (cabbage, celery, grape leaves, and coriander, Mint, lettuce, spinach, and watercress) are commonly used and collected frm various markets. Organophosphorus pesticides have also been detected in some aromatic medicinal plants and leafy vegetables. Where, chamomile samples showed only Malathion, while in coriander malathion is 0.86 and Dimethoate have been detected in Anise seeds, profernofoes in chamomile were predominant, and leafy vegetables have also been detected some Organophosphorus pesticides in green mint Malathion, profernofoes is dominant, the findings showed that some heavy metals were present in some of the samples that were collected. Lead and chromium levels, as well as varying amounts of cadmium and chromium, were found in grape leaves in the majority of the samples that were examined. Samples of chamomile flowers had the greatest average amounts of cadmium and chromium, whereas samples of anise seeds had the highest levels of lead.

Design and Optimisation of Sustainable Sample Treatments Based on Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Strong Cation-Exchange Purification with Functionalised SBA-15 for Opium Alkaloids in Ground Poppy Seeds.

An analysis methodology was optimised and validated for the quantification of opium alkaloids (OAs) in ground poppy seeds. This involved ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification before analysis using a high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry detector (HPLC-MS/MS). UAE was optimised through the design of experiments with three factors and a three-level full factorial design. For SPE optimisation, a commercial material was compared with a previously synthesised material of SBA-15 silica functionalised with sulfonic groups (SBA-15-SO3-). The synthesised material demonstrated superior efficiency with only 25 mg and proved to be reusable for up to four cycles. The methodology was properly validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection and quantification, and selectivity. Matrix effects were negligible; adequate recovery values (85-100%) and inter-day and intra-day precision (≤15%) were obtained. The greenness of the method was evaluated with the AGREEprep metric scale, being more environmentally friendly compared to OA analysis methods. Finally, the method was applied to different samples of ground poppy seeds and revealed a concentration of 140 mg/kg of morphine equivalents in one of the samples, surpassing the legislatively established limits by sevenfold. This highlights the need to analyse these types of samples to mitigate potential public health issues.

Assessment of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed quality accessed through different seed sources in northwest Ethiopia

Abstract Farmers are accessing seeds from different sources with different quality standards. Studies on the assessment of seed systems (sources) in relation to seed quality are scarce. This study was carried out to assess the different seed qualities (physical purity, physiological quality, and seed health) of bread wheat seed accessed through the existing seed sources (formal and informal seed sources) in Baso Liben district of the Amhara region, northwest Ethiopia. In addition, this study assessed the experience of farmers in seed production and management. Data were collected from 108 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire and from farmers and local experts using focus group discussions. Seed samples were collected from 58 farmers (30 farmers who sourced seed from the informal system and 28 from the formal system) for laboratory testing. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test (pairwise comparison) using SPSS v23.0. Results showed that about 32.4% of the respondents have experience in quality bread wheat seed production under contractual seed production arrangements with public seed enterprises. Results also revealed significant differences between formal and informal seed sources for various seed quality parameters. Seeds accessed from the formal sources have better physical purity, physiological quality, and 1,000 seed weight than seeds accessed from informal sources. Seed samples collected from the informal source were highly infected with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium spp., and Fusarium spp., and seeds from the formal seed source were infected with Alternata spp. and Penicillium spp. Seed quality is a major concern for the seeds accessed from both formal and informal sources. Therefore, the seed quality control mechanisms of various stakeholders, including national and regional seed regulatory bodies, government organizations, research institutes, and seed producers/companies, should be given much attention at each stage of the seed value chain.

Physical–Chemical and Metataxonomic Characterization of the Microbial Communities Present during the Fermentation of Three Varieties of Coffee from Colombia and Their Sensory Qualities

The microbial composition and physical-chemical characteristics were studied during the coffee fermentation of three Coffea arabica L. varieties, Var. Tabi, Var. Castillo General® and Var. Colombia. Mucilage and washed coffee seeds samples were collected at different stages of fermentation. Mucilage microbiology characterization and metataxonomic analysis were performed using 16S rDNA sequencing to determine bacterial diversity and ITS sequencing for fungal diversity. Additionally, the microorganisms were isolated into pure cultures. The molecular diversity analyses showed similarities in microorganisms present during the fermentation of Var. Castillo General and Var. Colombia, which are genetically closely related; mixed-acid bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Tatumella sp.) and lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc sp., Weissella sp. and Lactobacillaceae) were common and predominant, while in Var. Tabi, acetic acid bacteria (Gluconobacter sp. and Acetobacter sp.) and Leuconostoc sp. were predominant. At the end of the fermentation period, the fungi Saccharomycodaceae, Pichia and Wickerhamomyces were found in Var. Castillo General and Var. Colombia, while in Var. Tabi, Saccharomycodaceae, Pichia and Candida were recorded. Sensory analyses of the coffee beverages were carried out (SCA methodology) for all samples. Var. Tabi had the highest SCA score, between 82.7 and 83.2, while for Var. Colombia, the score ranged between 82.1 and 82.5. These three coffee varieties showed potential for the production of specialty coffees influenced by spontaneous fermentation processes that depend on microbial consortia rather than a single microorganism.

Mugilidae and Chanidae Fish Seed Resources of the Kalingapatnam Estuary of Andhra Pradesh, East Coast of the India

The samples of wild fish seeds collected from the Kalingapatnam estuary throughout the study period from February 2022 to August 2023. In the present study the samples collected various seasons and measured the average minimum length ranged from 1.4±0.14 cm to 1.9±0.25 cm, the maximum length range was 2.4±0.14 cm to 3.5±0.27 cm and the mean value is 2.1-2.9 cms for Mugil spp. The average minimum length ranged from 1.2±0.09 cm to 1.6±0.12 cm, the maximum length range was 1.8±0.07 cms to 3.0±0.117 cms and the mean value is 1.5-2.8 cms for Liza spp. The average minimum length ranged from 1.4±0.14 cm to 1.9±0.25 cm, the maximum length range was 2.4±0.14 cm to 3.6±0.27 cm and the mean value is 2.0-2.8 cms for Chanos spp. The present results clearly indicated that during the peak season lasting from April to July and the post monsoon ranging from October to March, the Mugil spp. contributed to 12.05%, Liza spp, contributed to 10.7%, Chanos spp. contributed to 07.85% and miscellaneous 69.6% was reported monthly and seasonally in the estuary. The present finding of one-way ANOVA, the p-value (0.189312) > α, H0, is accepted. The larger the p-value, the stronger it supports H0. The test statistic F equals 1.7198, which is in the 95% region accepted. The comparison of water quality parameters with mullet and milkfish seed and the average body length determine the difference between the averages, which reflects a real difference between the groups in the present study. The Pearson Correlation The coefficient of relationship between the variables for salinity and R value comparison with temperature, pH, transparency, and ammonia exhibited a positive correlation, and p values are significant at 0.05 levels, as discussed in this report.

Nutritional Values and Their Potential Applications in Food Products of Krabok Seed (Irvingia malayana)

This investigation examined the nutritional value, mineral content, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of uncooked and cooked Krabok seeds. Proximate analysis was carried out to determine the nutrient composition of uncooked and cooked Krabok seeds. The average fat, protein, carbohydrate, moisture, ash, and fiber contents were found to be 75.42, 11.78, 6.72, 2.68, 1.85 and 1.54 %, respectively. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was employed for the quantitative analysis of total phenolic compounds. All 6 samples of Krabok seeds extracted, both cooked and uncooked, were extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, and subjected to the test. All the extracted samples contained phenolic compounds, with amounts ranging from 29.10 to 130.26 µg GAE/mL. The highest levels of phenolic compounds were observed in the ethanolic extract of cooked Krabok seeds. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using the DPPH assay. The scavenging activity of the extracted Krabok seed samples ranged from 9.84 to 62.31 %. The ethanolic extract of uncooked Krabok seeds exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. To assess the toxicity of the Krabok seed extract, HaCaT, Vero and RAW 264.7 cell liness were employed using the MTT technique. The results revealed that cell survival remained above 80 % for all doses of both uncooked and cooked Krabok seed extracts. These findings suggest that Krabok seeds are a valuable source of fat and other essential nutrients. The crude ethanolic extract exhibited a significant amount of phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Therefore, it could be utilized in the production of snacks or cosmetics. HIGHLIGHTS Krabok seeds has high nutrients and energy value. Krabok seeds has high phenolic compounds and non-toxic to cells. Krabok seeds were thought to be an inexpensive source of nutrients and a reliable supply of prospective culinary ingredients. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT