Quality Of Wheat Seeds Research Articles

Seed and grain yield and quality of wheat subjected to advanced harvest using a physiological ripening process

This study aimed to evaluate the yield performance, physiological and nutritional quality of wheat seeds and grains subjected to times of application of a physiological ripening agent in pre-harvest. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design and the treatments were six times of application of the physiological process of ripening in three replications. The applications were carried out at the ealy milk stage, milk stage, early dough stage, soft dough stage, hard dough stage and a control with no application. Yield, nutritional characteristics and the physiological quality of the seeds were evaluated. Analysis of variance and the Skott Knott test were performed at 5% probability. Linear correlation coefficients between pairs of traits were calculated. The application of the physiological process of ripening from the soft dough stage did not affect wheat grain yield. Wheat seed germination was not impacted when the physiological process of ripening was applied from the hard dough stage. The use of the ripening agent reduced the vigor of wheat seeds, regardless of the time of application. The presence of protein in grains was not influenced by the application of the physiological ripening agent. Starch had the greatest expression when the physiological process of ripening was applied between the milk stage and the early dough stage.

Evaluation of field distribution quality of wheat seeds based on multidimensional indicators

Evaluation of field distribution quality of wheat seeds based on multidimensional indicators

Phosphorus priming influence on different quality of wheat cv. “Pardela” and “Gralha Azul” seeds

The seed priming allows the beginning of the metabolic processes necessary for the germination. Phosphorus is a macronutrient necessary for the growth and development of seedlings, since it participates in the structural components cell like the nucleic acid molecules. The objective was to evaluate the effect of priming and priming with phosphorus (P) on the physiological quality of wheat seeds with different levels of vigor. For the experiment, three lots of wheat seeds of Pardela cultivar, with different levels of vigor i.e. high, medium and low were used. The effect of priming with water and priming with different potential levels of phosphorus was evaluated: 0 (control), 0.10 %, 0.20 %, 0.30 %, 0.40 % and 0.50 % P. The first germination count, percentage of germination, abnormal seedlings, root and shoot length, and dry mass of the seedlings were determined. For the priming with water, the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tukey test. In the study of the effect of the different concentrations of phosphorus, a variance and regression analysis was carried out, following the completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme 3x6. The Priming in water had significantly influenced all treatments, independently of the seeds vigor levels, increases in the percentage of normal seedlings obtained in the first count and also in the percentage of germination of the low and medium vigor lots, and the seedlings primed in water had significantly larger shoot length in the three different lots. Regarding the different concentrations of phosphorus, significant differences were observed only in the first count of the germination, which decreased with the increase of the phosphorus concentration and the length of the aerial part, which presented an inverse behavior, increasing with the highest levels of phosphorus. Significant interaction between the different vigor levels and phosphorus concentrations was observed only for the root length variable, where concave, linear and convex trends were observed for the high, low and medium vigor lots, respectively. Phosphorus solutions had the optimum role as priming source in promoting seed emergence and root development irrespective of quality seeds

Yield and Seed Quality of Wheat as Affected by Seeding Dates and Boron Levels at Rampur, Chitwan

Yield and seed quality of wheat is affected by sowing dates through its impacts on growing environment, soil moisture content and terminal heat stress. Boron fertilization also impacts on number of seed per spike and quality of the seed. A field experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four sowing dates (15 November, 30 November, 15 December and 30 December) in main plot and four boron levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha-1) on sub-plot, replicated thrice to assess the effect of sowing dates and boron levels on yield and seed quality of wheat at Rampur, Chitwan during winter season of 2019. The results revealed that significantly highest grain yield was obtained on November sown wheat compared to December sowing. Highest grain yield was obtained with the application of boron at 3 kg ha-1, significantly higher than 0 and 1 kg ha-1 boron application. Significant interaction among sowing dates and boron levels was found on grain and seed yield. Seed quality parameters viz; seedling root and shoot length, vigour indices I and II were better in the earlier sown wheat and with 3 kg ha-1 boron application. The germination was also higher in earlier sown wheat but not affected by boron levels. Therefore, wheat with high seed quality can be sown from 15 to 30 November with 3 kg ha-1boron application in Chitwan and under similar environments.

Assessment of the effect of a colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles on the sowing quality of seeds

The article presents the results of laboratory studies to assess the effect of a colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles on the sowing quality of wheat seeds of the Novosibirskaya 15 strain recommended for cultivation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and an assessment of its influence on its seed productivity. It was found that the use of a colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles in the processing of seed material of the Novosibirskaya 15 soft spring wheat strain significantly increases the rate of seed growth, raising it from 63% in the control to 87% in the variant with a 50% solution of silver nanoparticles. It was found that the colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles did not affect on the indicators of seed germination and their germination energy.

Nitrogen fertilization and sowing density on yield and physiological quality of wheat seeds

Abstract: The optimal combination between sowing density and nitrogen (N) fertilization rate is a challenge for the production of high-quality seeds, considering the diversity of genotypes and environments. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and physiological quality of wheat seeds as a function of sowing density and N rate, under different edaphoclimatic conditions. The experiment was carried out in three environments (Londrina, Cascavel, and Ponta Grossa) in a randomized block design with four replications, considering a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial arrangement composed of two genotypes (BRS Anambé and WT 15-025), three sowing densities (250, 350, and 450 seeds.m−2), and four N rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg.ha−1). The following seed features were evaluated: yield, first germination count, final seed germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, seedling length, and seedling dry matter. Seed yield varied as a function of environment and genotype. BRS Anambé produced seeds with higher physiological quality. The optimal combination between sowing density and N rate that provided the more suitable economic yield, without affecting the physiological quality of wheat seeds, varied with the environment and was estimated in 250 seeds.m−2 × 0 kg.ha−1 N for Londrina and Cascavel, and 350 seeds.m−2 × 18 kg.ha−1 N for Ponta Grossa.

Evaluation Of Germination Quality Of Wheat Seeds Dried In Fluidized Bed Dryer

An attempt was conducted taking three wheat varieties (BARI gom-24, Shatabdi, Bijoy) to investigate the application and suitability of single-stage fluidized bed drying for quality wheat seeds in terms of germination percentage. Drying of wheat seed was conducted in a fluidized bed dryer at three temperatures of 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C at a constant bed thickness of 13 cm and 4.5 m/s of air velocity. Total drying time required for drying of each variety 210 min (3.5hr), 150 min (2.5hr) and 80 min (1.3hr) at temperature 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C respectively for reduction of moisture from 16.98±0.15% to 12±0.1% wb. In contrast, sun drying (33±2°C) took 270 min (4.5 hr). It was shown, the drying time required in the fluidized bed drying method was almost 22-71% shorter than the sun drying method. The germination percentage was 94.67%, 97.33%, 88% for the variety “BARI gom-24” 93.67%, 97%, and 91.33% for the variety Shatabdi and 95%, 96.67%, 89.67% for the variety Bijoy while dried in a fluidized bed dryer at temperature 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C respectively. The germination percentage of sun-dried samples was 90.67% (BARI gom-24), 92.33%. (Shatabdi) and 92% (Bijoy). In the comparison of germination, wheat seed samples dried in the fluidized bed dryer at 35°C, 40°C showed a higher germination percentage than sun drying wheat seed samples. Therefore, the proposed drying technique does not only facilitate faster removal of moisture content, and also a higher germination percentage was found than the existing sun drying method. So, fluidized bed drying can be effective for wheat seeds in Bangladesh.

Wheat yield and seed physiological quality as influenced by seed vigor, nitrogen fertilization and edaphoclimatic conditions

Wheat is one of the most important cereals grown in the world, and in Brazil, increasing national production is still a challenge. Nitrogen (N) supply can favor grain yield and the physiological quality of wheat seeds. However, the definition of adequate N rate and fertilization timing must consider genotype, cultivation environment, and initial seed vigor level. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of initial seed vigor and the combinations of rates and timings of N application on grain yield and seed physiological quality of wheat cultivars under different edaphoclimatic conditions. The experiment was carried out in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, state of Paraná, in a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 × 7 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of two seed vigor levels (vigorous and non-vigorous seeds), two wheat cultivars (BRS Gralha-Azul and BRS Sabiá) and seven combinations of fertilization timings and N rates (kg ha-1) (control-0N; 20N at sowing and 60N at tillering; 40N at sowing; 80N at sowing; 40N at sowing and 40N at tillering; 40N at tillering; 80N at tillering). Number of emerged seedlings, vegetation index, shoot dry matter, number of fertile spikes m-2 and grain yield were evaluated. Additionally, the physiological potential of seeds produced in Londrina was evaluated by the testes of first count, germination, seedling emergence in sand and emergence speed index. The climatic conditions during the experiment, in both cultivation environments, were similar to average historical records, with some periods of water deficit. The highest grain yield was obtained with the BRS Gralha-Azul in Londrina, and with BRS Sabiá in Ponta Grossa. The use of vigorous seeds favored the stand establishment and the response of plants to N fertilization. The treatments 40N + 40N, and 40N + 0N favored the majority of evaluated variables. Both cultivars showed potential for the production of high physiological potential seeds in Londrina environment. Inadequate N supply impairs wheat grain yield and seed production.

Yield and physiological quality of wheat seeds produced under different irrigation depths and leaf Silicon

Water availability is one of the main factors responsible for wheat productivity, as well as the quality of the produced seeds. Silicon (Si) has an important role in mitigating the effects of various biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, Si application can be used to mitigate the effects of different irrigation depths on the production and quality of wheat seeds. The work aimed to evaluate the yield and physiological quality of wheat seeds produced from plants fertilized with leaf Si and grown under different irrigation depths. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot randomized block design, with four replications. The plots consisted of three irrigation depths (0, 50, and 100% of the total irrigation requirement [TIR]). In the subplots, Si treatments were allocated (without application [0 mM] and 5 mM SiO2, applied at the tillering stage). The following parameters were evaluated: water balance of the system; soil moisture; yield; thousand seed weight; germination; electrical conductivity; accelerated aging; seedling length and emergence. The water balance of the system was negative for the 0% TIN irrigation depth after anthesis and there was less soil moisture in this depth. There was no effect of irrigation depths and Si application on plant yield. The smaller irrigation depths imposed reduced the thousand seed weight and the electrical conductivity of the seeds produced. Plants fertilized with Si did not differ in germination, but they produced more vigorous seedlings with greater growth and uniformity.

Physiological potential of wheat seeds produced under light restriction

The low radiation intensity can negatively affect the production of photoassimilates in plants for allocation and synthesis of reserves into seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of wheat seeds produced by plants imposed on conditions of light reduction in different phenological stages, remaining until the end of the cycle. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in 2018, with a completely randomized design, with 11 treatments and 20 repetitions. The treatments consisted of 11 seed lots: 10 of plants grown in artificial shade (70%) started in the Zadoks code’s phenological stages: 23; 30; 35; 45; 55; 60; 65; 70; 75; 80 and control lot (without shading). The seeds were analyzed for germination and vigor. Seed germination was not affected. There was a reduction in vigor through the tests of accelerated and cold aging when the shading started between stages 55 and 65, but with a minimum vigor of 93 and 94%, respectively. It is concluded that the restriction of light during the development of wheat plants does not affect the germination of the seeds produced but impairs the vigor mainly when imposed in the reproductive phases.

Comparing the Membrane Potential of Wheat Grains of Different Varieties and Productivity Divided into Fractions According to Their Aerodynamic Properties

Introduction. Spring wheat yield depends largely on the wheat variety, seed quality, cultivation technology, and agro-climatic factors. It has been found that the separation of wheat seeds into fractions makes it possible to improve the quality of post-harvest processing, adjust the quality of grain depending on the intended use, and the sowing of the wheat grains divided into fractions allows increasing productivity. The aim of the article is to explore the membrane potential on the shells of wheat grains divided into fractions according to their aerodynamic properties and to compare certain membrane potential features with aerodynamic properties of these grains and the yields of selected varieties. Materials and Methods. The seeds, divided into fractions, have different sowing qualities. Biologically deficient seeds have poor germination index. The study have found that the division of seeds into fractions contributes to increasing yields, but the main indicators of quality are still germination and viability, for this reason an approach has been developed to determine the quality of wheat seeds divided into fractions. Results. This article studies the change in membrane potential of wheat seeds, divided into fractions according to their aerodynamic properties. The article presents the results of testing a new clamping electrode with a smooth surface to measure the membrane potential of wheat gains. To study the effect of the wheat variety, the aerodynamic properties of grains and yield on changes in membrane potential, we analyzed three indices: the resting potential level, time of variable potential rise to the maximum value and variable potential maximum value. Discussion and Conclusion. New informative indicators have been determined because of the two-way analysis of variance of the research results. These indicators reliably reflect the aerodynamic properties of seeds and can be used to predict yields. The use of the obtained results will allow agricultural enterprises and farms to determine the quality of post-harvest processing of wheat seeds, adjust the quality depending on the intended use, and evaluate and forecast the productivity of seeds.

The influence of the sowing coulters type on the seeding quality and the spring wheat yield

The paper presents data on the influence of the sowing coulters type on the seeding quality and the spring wheat yield in the conditions of the steppe part of Altai Krai. For the grain sowing, seeders are used with the most common types of the sowing coulters such as V-shaped, chisel and disk openers. The wheat was sown after the fallows, the peas and the wheat forecrops. The chisel openers provided the highest sowing quality of wheat seeds. Also the maximum efficiency of the spring wheat cultivation in the extra dry steppe conditions (2012) was achieved by the chisel sowing coulters. In the years with the moderately dry conditions (2006-2011) in the steppe the seeders with the various types of the sowing coulters do not significantly affect the yield structure constituent elements; to a greater extent it depended on the forecrops, the maximal wheat yield was obtained after the fallow.

Parcelamento de doses da adubação nitrogenada na produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo

The application of nitrogen (N) in the correct dose and at the right time can favor the productivity and quality of wheat seeds. In this sense, the aim was to evaluate the effect of splitting and doses of nitrogen fertilization on the productivity and physiological quality of seeds of wheat cultivars. The seeds were produced at the National Soybean Research Center, in Londrina-PR, in a randomized block experimental design in a 2 × 7 factorial scheme, with four replications. The factors were constituted by two cultivars (BRS Gralha-azul and BRS Sabiá) and seven combinations of doses and splitting of nitrogen fertilization (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1at tillering, 80 kg ha-1at tillering, 40 kg ha-1at sowing, 80 kg ha-1at sowing, 40 kg ha-1at sowing + 40 kg ha-1at tillering, 20 kg ha-1at sowing + 60 kg ha-1at tillering). The following were evaluated: productivity, germination, first germination count, length and dry mass of seedlings, emergence of seedlings in sand and emergence speed index. The data were subjected to analysis of variance with comparison of means by the F test, between genotypes, and Scott-Knott, between N combinations. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on seed productivity varies with the cultivar. The application of 80 kg ha-1N at sowing favors the vigorof the seeds for BRS Gralha-azul, and the application of 40 kg ha-1N at sowing, or 80 kg ha-1N at tillering favors the production of quality seeds for BRS Sabiá. The inadequate supply of N impairs the physiological quality of seeds produced.

Non-destructive analysis of germination percentage, germination energy and simple vigour index on wheat seeds during storage by Vis/NIR and SWIR hyperspectral imaging.

Two hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems, visible/near infrared (Vis/NIR, 304-1082nm) and short wave infrared (SWIR, 930-2548nm), were used for the first time to comprehensively predict the changes in quality of wheat seeds based on three vigour parameters: germination percentage (GP, reflecting the number of germinated seedling), germination energy (GE, reflecting the speed and uniformity of seedling emergence), and simple vigour index (SVI, reflecting germination percentage and seedling weight). Each sample contained a small number of wheat seeds, which were obtained by high temperature and humidity-accelerated aging (0, 2, and 3days) to simulate storage. The spectra of these samples were collected using HSI systems. After collection, each seed sample underwent a standard germination test to determine their GP, GE, and SVI. Then, several pretreatment methods and the partial least-squares regression algorithm (PLS-R) were used to establish quantitative models. The models for the Vis/NIR region obtained excellent performance, and most effective wavelengths (EWs) were selected in the Vis/NIR region by the successive projections algorithm (SPA) and regression coefficients (RC). Subsequently, PLS-R-RC models using selected wavebands (sixteen wavebands for GP, 14 wavebands for GE, and 16 wavebands for SVI) exhibited similar performance to the PLS-R models based on the full wavebands. The best R2 results obtained in the simplified models' prediction sets were 0.921, 0.907, and 0.886, with RMSE values of 4.113%, 5.137%, and 0.024, for GP, GE, and SVI, respectively. Distribution maps of GP, GE, and SVI were produced by applying these simplified PLS models. By interpreting the EWs and building prediction models, soluble protein and sugar content were demonstrated to have a relationship with spectral information. In summary, the present results lay a foundation towards the development of a significantly simpler, more comprehensive, and non-destructive hyperspectral-based sorting system for determining the vigour of wheat seeds.

Effect of Blended NPS Fertilizer and Varieties on Seed Quality, of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia

There is no information on the role of blended NPS fertilizer required to produce quality seeds of wheat in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the status of how the quality of wheat seeds had been affected by NPS fertilizer. The laboratory experiment conducted during 2018 in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and the seeds of the three varieties evaluated/tested after harvesting of three bread wheat varieties planted in the field which is fertilized with eight blended fertilizer rates ( 0, 25, 50, 75, 100,125,150, and 175kg, ha -1 NPS fertilizer during 2017 cropping season. The seed quality test after harvest indicated that all seed quality parameters significantly influenced by separate effect of variety and the application of blended NPS fertilizer except moisture content of seeds not significantly influenced by the two factors and dead seeds not significantly influenced by varieties. The two factors interacted to influence only a thousand seeds weight and dead seeds. The result showed that highest value of the germination percentage (95.17%), dry weight (25 mg) and vigour index two (23.82) were recorded from the plot received 150 kg ha -1 l t. Similarly highest mean value of the speed of the germination (30.41) and vigour index one (19.35) was recorded on the 175 kg NPS ha -1 fertilizers. In the case of the thousand seed weight significantly the highest (48.95 g) and the lowest (39.13) mean was recorded on the interaction effect of the Kakaba interact with 175 Kg NPS fertilizer and Qulqulu interact with control treatments consecutively. Furthermore, the results of the experiment showed that significantly the highest mean value of the germination percentage (93.44%), seedling shoot length (9.48cm) seedling dry weight (23.98 mg and seed vigour index one (19.31) recorded on the Qululu and Shorima varieties respectively. The results indicate wheat crop seed quality attributes will be increased /affected due to the synergic effect of NPS fertilizer rate and genotype. Therefore, it can be concluded that the using of 150 /175kg NPS ha -1 and the growing of Qulqulu variety could be a better choice to obtain desired seed quality. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/10-7-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2020

Physiological Quality of Wheat Seeds in Saline Stress Conditions

Physiological Quality of Wheat Seeds in Saline Stress Conditions

Effects of deterioration and mildewing on the quality of wheat seeds with different moisture contents during storage.

Deterioration and mildewing caused by moisture of wheat seeds are serious problems that should be addressed for safe storage. In this work, simulated storage facilities were employed to preserve wheat seeds with different moisture contents (16%, 18%, 20% and 22%). The temperature changes in grain bulk, the mildewing situation, and the biochemical properties of wheat seeds were analyzed. Microstructures of endosperm and embryos were observed under electron microscopy. The results showed that with the increase of moisture content in wheat seeds, the deterioration and mildewing became serious. In the storage of wheat seeds with high moisture content, serious damage to the internal structure of endosperm and embryo was observed. Besides, the temperature increase and the fungal growth in grain bulk are attributed to the moisture of wheat seeds. Particularly, with the nutrient loss and cell damage, germination efficiency decreased with the extension of the storage period and the biochemical properties of wheat seeds are negatively impacted. Based on the results of this study, to prevent the deterioration and mildewing of wheat seeds and protect the biochemical properties in long-term storage, moisture should be controlled during the storage.

SOIL ATTRIBUTES AND WHEAT PERFORMANCE IN A GEOREFERENCED SEED PRODUCTION FIELD

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to study the linear correlations and spatial distribution between soil attributes and productivity and physiological quality of wheat seeds. Soil samples were collected at georeferenced points in an area of 41 ha with a rectangular grid of 100 × 100 m to determine soil fertility. Grain productivity, number of ears m-2, protein content, and physiological seed quality were assessed. The results were submitted to Pearson's correlation analysis, descriptive statistics, and geostatistics. Phosphorus content presented a high spatial variability, with a coefficient of variation of 97.79%. Protein content, number of ears, and SMP index presented low values of coefficient of variation, indicating their low spatial variability. Physiological seed quality was not correlated with soil attributes. Wheat productivity showed a strong correlation between calcium and soil organic matter contents, as verified by analyzing the spatial distribution maps. The analysis of the spatial distribution maps of soil nutrients is a tool that can contribute to farmers’ decision making in the management of crop fertilization aiming at increasing productivity.

Physiological Performance of Seeds and Level of Herbicide Residues Depending on Application of 2.4-D in Wheat

ABSTRACT: Horseweed control through application of 2.4-D in the winter season is an alternative to manage biotypes resistant to herbicides that belong to other mechanisms of action. The objectives of this study were to assess the physiological quality of wheat seeds and determine the rate of 2.4-D residue, as function of application stages and herbicide rates. The treatments were arranged in factorial scheme, with three application stages (flowering, soft dough and hard dough), and four 2.4-D rates (0; 504; 1,008 and 2,015 g a.i. ha-1). The application of 2.4-D in the wheat crop changed physiological seed quality by increased the rate and total percentage of germination. The application of 2.4-D resulted in herbicide accumulation in seeds, especially when application was carried out at the soft dough stage. Also, the increase in herbicide rate increased the level of residue in the seeds. However, regardless of stage of application for 2.4-D and herbicide rate in use, the values of residue found in the seeds were below the allowed maximum limit.

Compatibility of Azospirillum brasilense with fungicide and insecticide and its effects on the physiological quality of wheat seeds

Seed treatment is a practice that helps the initial establishment of the crop without the effects caused by pests and diseases. The association of diazotrophic bacteria with grasses has been used in the supply of nitrogen to plants; however, these microorganisms produce growth-promoting substances, which promote benefits in the growth and development of the crops. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of Azospirillum brasilense associated with the fungicide difenoconazole and the insecticide thiamethoxam by observing the effects on the quality of seed emergence of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Three wheat cultivars, arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial system with four replicates, were tested. The treatments were the control; difenoconazole (Spectro® at a dose of 150 mL per 100 kg of seed); thiamethoxam (Cruiser® FS 350 at a dose of 200 mL per 100 kg seed) and difenoconazole + thiamethoxam, applied on wheat cultivars TBIO Mestre, TBIO Itaipu and TBIO Sinuelo. Bacteria from the Azospirillum genus were used in the inoculation. The wheat seed retains its quality when it checks the germination, vigor and independent accelerated aging, whether or not fungicide, insecticide and A. brasilense were used. The insecticide thiamethoxam increased the length of shoots and roots and provided compatibility with A. brasilense, and fungicide inhibited the length of shoots and roots and was antagonistic to the bacterium A. brasilense.