Seed Protein Research Articles

Utilization of Tamarind Seed Biocoagulant as Learning Material for Water Purification Practicum in Colloidal System

Discharging wastewater directly into the environment can harm nearby organisms. Efforts to increase environmental awareness, especially about sewage, can be started with educational activities. The study investigates the correlation between chemistry material and water purification using tamarind seed bio coagulant, assessing its feasibility for chemistry experiment design in schools. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. This study described data from observations of water purification using tamarind seedcoagulant, literature studies on chemistry practicum, and interviews with two chemistry teachers and two high school students.The results showed that the relationship between colloidal material and the experiment was to determine the types of products that contain colloidal systems in daily life and the properties of colloids. The results of the chemical parameter test revealed significant changes in the pH levels of river, laundry, and batik wastewater samples, with batik coloring waste showing the most significant changes. The organoleptic test results revealed significant changes in the color, odor, and sediment of batik dyeing wastewater. The protein in tamarind seeds can destabilize substances that cause turbidity. Based on literature studies and interviews, tamarind seed bio coagulant is feasible as a teaching material for chemistry practicum on colloidal system.

The impact of the distribution method for struvite (Crystal Green) on the chemical composition of soybean and their utility in animal nutrition

One of the main factors considered in assessing the nutritional value of feed is its chemical composition, which can be modified by fertilization. Faced with reducing P resources, alternative sources of this element are being sought. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient in soybean cultivation. The aim of the study was to use an alternative source of phosphorus fertilizer and compare its impact on the chemical composition of soybean seeds with that of a traditional fertilizer (Super FOS DAR). The study investigated a range of factors in animal nutrition as well as the basic content of macro- and microelements. A pot experiment with the Abelina soybean variety was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The experiment considered two factors against the control: phosphorus fertilizer placement (band, broadcast) and different phosphorus fertilization (Super FOS DAR, Crystal Green). Use of struvite (Crystal Green)) caused positive changes in selected amino acids content and in the nutritional value of protein in soybean seeds; this can enhance the value of soybean seeds as well as increase certain macroelements and microelements. Phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased the content of lysine, leucine, valine, phenyloalanine and tyrosine. Band fertilization with struvite caused a significant increase in amino acids (lysine, leucine, valine, phenyloalanine and tyrosine) as well as in the nutritional value of protein (as measured by the essential amino acid index, protein efficiency ratio and biological value of the protein). Favorable changes under the influence of the application of struvite were recorded in the content of calcium, as well as phosphorus, iron, and manganese. The value of the struvite in the case of its use as phosphorus fertilizer is promising; however, it needs further study.

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Moringa Seed Protein Treated with Ultrasound.

Functional and structural properties of Moringa protein concentrate (MPC), obtained from defatted Moringa oleifera seed, were investigated after treating it with an ultrasonic technique. For this purpose, dried M. oleifera seed powder was defatted and subjected to a simple protein precipitation method to generate a MPC with 73.2% protein contents. Then, a Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize the sonication treatment of MPC where ultrasound amplitude (20-80%), treatment time (5-25 min), and solute-to-solvent ratio (0.1-0.3 g/mL) were studied as factors that influence the protein solubility (PS), emulsion capacity (EC), and foaming capacity (FC) of MPC. The optimal conditions were amplitude of 58%, time of 18 min, and solute to solvent ratio of 0.18 g/mL. At these conditions, PS, EC, and FC were increased to 42, 33, and 73%, respectively, in comparison to untreated one. The structural modification by ultrasound was further confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy which illustrated the MPC modification through the changes in the peak width of amide-I band. Similarly, the intrinsic fluorescence spectral signature also showed a significant increase in the amino residues of MPC. In conclusion, the exposure of hydrophilic groups and the alteration of secondary and tertiary structures induced by ultrasonic treatment improved the functional characteristics of MPC.

Evaluation of the Susceptibility of Lotus Seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) to Aspergillus flavus Infection and Aflatoxin Contamination.

The seeds of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) have been used as significant medicinal and nutritional ingredients worldwide. The abundant proteins and polysaccharides in lotus seeds make them susceptible to contamination by aflatoxin (AF), a fungal toxic metabolite. This study was conducted to investigate the susceptibility of lotus seeds at different stages of ripening to AF contamination, as well as the mechanism of the contamination. Seven groups of lotus receptacles with seeds at different ripening stages (A-G, from immature to mature) were used for the experiment. Spores of Aspergillus flavus, an AF producer, were inoculated on the water-gap area of the seeds in each receptacle. Then, each receptacle was covered with a sterilized bag, and its stalk part was soaked in water containing a life-prolonging agent, after which it was kept at room temperature for 14 days. The AF content of each whole inoculated seed from the A-G groups and that of each seed part (pericarp, cotyledon, and embryo) from the D and E groups were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Microtome sections were prepared from the samples and observed under a light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The seeds from the A and D groups had higher AF contents than the seeds from the B, C, E, F, and G groups, indicating that the condition of the water-gap area and the development of the embryo and cotyledon parts of the seeds are associated with AF contamination.

Investigation of chemical properties and bioactive compounds of oils from different pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo L.) during maturation

AbstractIn this study, seed and oil yields, protein, and moisture ratios of seeds of four different types of pumpkin seed varieties, namely Palancı population, VD1sn8, and VD1sn6 hybrid varieties and commercial variety grown in Edirne conditions in 2014 and 2015. Also, this study aimed to determine the change of fatty acid, tocopherol, and sterol composition of mentioned pumpkin seed varieties in three different periods from seed formation to final harvest time. During the ripening period, it was obtained that the oil yield increased, the moisture content of pumpkin seeds decreased. In the last harvest period, the oil yield of pumpkin seed varieties was determined to be between 37.21% and 42.07%. Protein ratios of all pumpkin seed species were found to be very close to each other (37.94%–39.28%) and statistically similar (p > 0.05). In 2014 and 2015, the dominant fatty acids for all pumpkin seed varieties are 18:1 (39.49%–46.95%) and 18:2 (32.57%–39.26%). Except for these fatty acids, 16:0 varies between 10.65% and 13.60% in all varieties; 18:0 varies at a ratio of 5.70%–6.38%. It is seen that the dominant tocopherol isomer is γ‐tocopherol for all pumpkin seed species in all harvest periods. In the last harvest period in 2014 and 2015, the amounts of γ‐tocopherol constitute 99.98%–84.95% and 86.91%–89.86% of the total tocopherol, respectively. It was observed that the tocopherol composition changed during the ripening period in all pumpkin seed species (p < 0.05). In general, the amount of sterols decreased during the ripening period for all cultivars in 2014 and 2015. In order from the highest to the least, β‐sitosterol, 5,24‐stigmastadienol, campesterol, Δ‐5 avenasterol, and stigmasterol were determined as phytosterols in pumpkin seed oils. Generally, β‐sitosterol ratios in all varieties were high in the 1st harvest period, decreased slightly in the 2nd harvest period, increased again until the 3rd harvest period and reached the values in the 1st harvest period in both 2014 and 2015.

Modification of Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Pumpkin Seeds Protein Isolate (PsPI) by High-Intensity Ultrasound: Effect of Treatment Time

Modification of Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Pumpkin Seeds Protein Isolate (PsPI) by High-Intensity Ultrasound: Effect of Treatment Time

Breeding strategies for quality protein maize: A Review

Zein proteins in maize seeds regulate food and feed quality and belong to several subfamilies. Most maize prolamin is α-zeins, which are rich in glutamine, leucine, and proline but lacking in critical amino acids (lysine and tryptophan). RNAi experiments show that 22kD zeins downregulate the quality protein maize (QPM) phenotype, not 19kD. The opaque-2 mutation caused a chalky, soft endosperm and many defects. QPM genotypes with opaque-2 alleles and firm kernels were improved. As opaque-2 is recessive and biochemical lysine and tryptophan analysis is costly, conventional backcrossing alone is not very useful. Markerassisted selection (MAS) allowed top inbreds to be homozygous o2o2 utilizing opaque-2 gene-specific markers. Vivek QPM-9, a mixture of two QPM introgression lines, benefits various clients and customers. This review highlights the breeding strategies for QPM.

Features of narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) development and productivity in the application of micronutrients in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem zone of Russia

The results of three years of field research in conditions of low-fertile sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Kaluga region on the study of growth, development, and seed productivity of narrow-leaved lupin during foliar fertilization of plants with BorSTART, MicroStim-Marganets, and Novalon 19-19-19+2MgO+ME fertilizers are presented. The use of micronutrients increased the height of narrow-leaved lupin plants, starting from the flowering phase and the leaf area from the budding phase to the end of the vegetation of plants. The largest leaf area in the flowering phase was found in options with the treatment of plants with micro-fertilizers BorStart – 480.2 cm2/plant and Microstim Marganets – 475.3cm2/plant. The treatment of plants with micronutrients exceeded the control variant by weight of the aboveground mass in the phase of glaucous pods by 8.4–11.6%. The best results were obtained when treating plants with boric micro-fertilization (BorStart). Micro-fertilizers increased the yield of narrow-leaved lupin seeds in an average of 3 years from 0.16 to 0.38 t/ha compared with the control. The highest seed yield was when processing plants with chelated forms of micro-fertilizers – Novalon and MicroStim Marganets. The use of micro-fertilizers led to an increase in the content of crude ash and crude protein in lupin seeds.

Shotgun proteomics profiling of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) reveals genotypic differential responses to viability loss.

Exposure to elevated temperatures and relative humidity expedites the seed aging process, finally leading to seed viability loss. In this context, certain proteins play a pivotal role in safeguarding the longevity of seeds. However, the seedproteomic response to loss viability in Salvia hispanica L., commonly known as chia, remains incompletely understood. This work explores the application of proteomics as a potent tool for uncovering molecular responses to viability loss caused by artificial aging in two chia genotypes, WN and MN. By using a quantitative label-free proteomics analysis (LC-MS/MS), 1787 proteins wereidentified in chia seeds at a 95% confidence level, including storage proteins, heat shock proteins (HSPs), late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA),oleosins, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related enzymes, and ribosomal proteins. A relatively low percentage of exclusive proteins were identified in viable and non-viable seeds. However, proteins exhibiting differential abundancebetween samples indicated variations in the genotype and physiological status. Specifically, the WN genotype showed 130 proteins with differential abundancecomparing viable and non-viable seeds, while MN displayed changes in the abundance of 174 proteins. While both showed a significant decrease in keyproteins responsible for maintaining seed functionality, longevity, and vigor withhigh-temperature and humidity conditions, such as LEA proteins or HSPs, ROS, and oleosins, distinct responses between genotypes were noted, particularly in ribosomal proteins that were accumulated in MN and diminished in WN seeds. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of evaluating changes in proteins of viable and non-viable seeds as they offer valuable insights into the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of chia seed integrity throughout high-temperature and humidity exposure.

Aloe Vera Drink Fortification with Free and Microcapsulated Pumpkin Seed Protein Hydrolysate

Aloe Vera Drink Fortification with Free and Microcapsulated Pumpkin Seed Protein Hydrolysate

Comparative Proteomic Analysis for Identification and Characterization of Nutritionally and Stress-Responsive Seed Proteins of Finger Millet with Respect to Rice

In the present investigation, we compared the seed proteome of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) and rice to gain an insight about the nutritional and stress-related proteins accumulated during finger millet seed development. Seed proteins of finger millet and rice were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a total of 453 and 437 proteins were identified respectively. Comparative analysis revealed 25 and 9 proteins unique to finger millet and rice, respectively. Out of these unique proteins, 17 amd 5 were seed storage proteins (SSPs). In finger millet, these SSPs were the gliadins, zeins, and avenins. The rest of the unique proteins in both crops were the proteins involved in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Of the 428 common proteins, the relative abundance of 175 proteins was higher in finger millet. Twenty proteins of this list were SSPs which largely consisted of the proteins belonging to the prolamin protein family. However, only one 63 kDa globulin protein showed an exceptional accumulation of about 244-fold in rice seeds compared to finger millet. Further, a Late Embryogenic Abundant (LEA) protein along with several stress-related proteins such as amylase/trypsin inhibitors, defensins, and oleosins were identified that accumulated highly in finger millet seeds. Furthermore, five EF (Elongation factor) hands containing calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) were also identified as highly expressed in finger millet compared to rice. The present investigation would expand our knowledge in understanding the biosynthetic pathways involved in nutritional partitioning during seed development.

Unraveling the effect of salicylic acid on Vigna radiata L. under PEG- induced drought stress

The experiment was conducted on three mungbean genotypes to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on PEG (Poly Ethylene Glycol)-induced drought stress. The drought stress imposes serious constraints on the plant growth, development, and yield attributes while the salicylic acid (SA) alleviates the effect of drought in all three genotypes. The highest level of drought (16% PEG induced) stress decreased plant water status, shoot length and root length, fresh weight and dry weight, nodule number and weight, floral bud per plant, number of pods per plant, and seed weight per plant. More negative values of OP (-MPa) were observed in root and nodules of MH 125 at moderate (8% PEG induced drought) level of stress, leaves of MH 215 genotype at highest level of stress. The seeds protein (12.17%), starch (5.45%), seed fiber (25.26%) decreased maximum in the genotype Asha among all the other genotypes while not much difference was reported in the phosphorus content under drought stress as compared to the control. The application of SA exogenously improves all the parameters in all the genotypes but the effect was pronounced more in the genotype MH 125 than other.

Isolation and Purification of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Seeds Protein, Testing Their Antibacterial Activity, and Using to Extend The Shelf Life of Beef Patties

Antimicrobial proteins (AMP) from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds were isolated and purified using the saturation of (NH4)2So4 by 80% and gel filtration through Sephacryl S-200, the inhibition zone of the separated peak was 24, and 22 mm for growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium respectively. The molecular mass was 28385 Da estimated through Sephacryl S-200. The optimum pH for activity was 5.5. It was stable at 4.5-7.5, while it lost 21.07 and 55.65% from its activity at pH 3 and 8 respectively, the optimum temperature for activity was 35°C and it was stable at 35°C for 60 min, while it lost all inhibitory activity at 65°C for the same time. The use of AMP at 100 mg resulted in an inhibition zone of 37± 2.92, 35±1.68, 32±2.33, and 33±2.09 mm, with a significant difference at (P≤0.05) against E. coli and S. Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, respectively. The use of AMP to extend the shelf life of beef patties at 100 mg.kg-1 resulted in a decrease in the total count of bacteria, as it reached 7.4×102±0.18, 4.6×102±0.22 and 2.8×102±0.19 CFU.g-1, while it was 7.4×102±0.23, 8.2×102±0.31, and 9.5×102±0.27 CFU.g-1 in the control sample during a storage period of 0, 3, and 6 d at 4°C. It was observed that there was no significant difference in the control treatment and AMP added on 0 d, while a significant difference was observed at (P≤0.05) for treatments at a storage period of 3 and 6 d at 4°C.

Effects of High Intensity Ultrasonication on Molecular Characteristics and Emulsifying Properties of Rambutan Seed Protein

Effects of High Intensity Ultrasonication on Molecular Characteristics and Emulsifying Properties of Rambutan Seed Protein

Quality Evaluation in the Utilization of Watermelon Seed Protein for Chocolate Manufacturing

Quality Evaluation in the Utilization of Watermelon Seed Protein for Chocolate Manufacturing

Conglutin Gamma ,a lupin Seed protein Ameliorates Lipid profile in Diabetics

Conglutin Gamma ,a lupin Seed protein Ameliorates Lipid profile in Diabetics

Drying Technique Providing Maximum Benefits on Hydrogelling Ability of Avocado Seed Protein: Spray Drying.

The current study focused on creating natural hydrogels consisting of mixtures of avocado seed proteins dried with different techniques and locust bean gum. Proteins were extracted from avocado seed by alkali and isoelectric precipitation methods. Avocado seed proteins were dried by five different drying methods, namely ambient drying, oven drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, and spray drying. FT-IR spectra were used to analyze the chemical structure of proteins dried using various techniques. Additionally, hydrogel models were constructed in the presence of avocado seed proteins and locust bean gum to clarify the effect of drying techniques on their hydrogelling ability. The impact of drying techniques on the functional behavior of hydrogels was notable. The maximum water holding capacity values were detected in the hydrogel system containing spray-dried proteins (93.79%), followed by freeze-dried (86.83%), vacuum-dried (76.17%), oven-dried (72.29%), and ambient-dried (64.8%) counterparts. The swelling ratio was 34.10, 33.51, 23.05, 18.93, and 14.39% for gels in the presence of freeze-dried, spray-dried, vacuum-dried, oven-dried, and ambient-dried proteins, respectively. Additionally, the desirable values for the amount of protein leaking from the systems prepared using spray-dried (7.99%) and freeze-dried (12.14%) proteins were obtained compared to others (ambient-dried: 24.03%; oven-dried: 17.69%; vacuum-dried: 19.10%). Superior results in terms of textural properties were achieved in hydrogel models containing spray-dried and freeze-dried proteins. In general, hydrogel models exhibited elastic behavior rather than viscous properties; however, the magnitudes of elasticity varied. Furthermore, the success of gels containing hydrogel models containing spray-dried protein and locust bean gum in the bioactive compound delivery system was obvious compared with protein ones alone.

Discovery and Characterization of a Dual-Function Peptide Derived from Bitter Gourd Seed Protein Using Two Orthogonal Bioassay-Guided Fractionations Coupled with In Silico Analysis.

The hydrolysate of bitter gourd seed protein, digested by the combined gastrointestinal proteases (BGSP-GPs), exhibited the most potent inhibition on angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) with an IC50 value of 48.1 ± 2.0 µg/mL. Using two independent bioassay-guided fractionations, fraction F5 from reversed-phase chromatography and fraction S1 from strong cation exchange chromatography exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory (ACEI) activity. Three identical peptides were simultaneously detected from both fractions and, based on the in silico appraisal, APLVSW (AW6) was predicted as a promising ACEI peptide. Their dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP4) inhibitory (DPP4I) activity was also explored. The IC50 values of AW6 against ACE and DPP4 were calculated to be 9.6 ± 0.3 and 145.4 ± 4.4 µM, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics and intermolecular interaction studies suggested that AW6 is an ACE competitive inhibitor and a DPP4 non-competitive inhibitor. The quantities of AW6 in BGSP-GP hydrolysate, fractions F5 and S1, were also analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Notably, AW6 could resist hydrolysis in the human gastrointestinal tract according to the result of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first discovery and characterization of a dual-function (ACEI and DPP4I activities) peptide derived from bitter gourd seed protein.

Effect of Nano Biochar addition and deficit irrigation on growth, physiology and water productivity of quinoa plants under salinity conditions

The combination of NB and reduced the depth of irrigation water could mitigate the negative effects of salinity and drought stresses and improve water productivity (WP) of quinoa. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse conditions. A two-year study was carried out in a semi-arid area employing a factorial experimental and in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental treatments included three levels of salinity (S1: 1 dS m−1, S2: 4 dS m−1, S3: 7 dS m−1), three levels depth of irrigation water (I1: 60%, I2: 80%, I3: 100% of plant water requirement), and three levels of Nano Biochar (NB) (NB1: 0%, NB2: 2%, NB3: 4%). The parameters of leaf area index (LAI), Weight of 1000 seeds (WOS), spike weight (SW), Seed yield (SY) and WP of each pot were carefully measured. Also, the physiological characteristics of the plant, including seed protein (SP), carbohydrate content (CBH), proline (PR) and chlorophyll a and b (CHLa and CHLb) content were measured. The results showed that salinity and drought stress decreased SY 14.1–37.81%, 11.92%–28.96, respectively. However, the NB up to 2% alleviated salinity and drought stress and increased yield by 40.75% and 26.55%, 13.88% and 10.89% in SW, WOS and LAI, respectively. The use of 4% NB reduced the amounts of PR and CHB by 50.16% and 22.62%. The amount of SP increased by reducing the depth of irrigation water to 80% of the water requirement of the plant and using 2% of NB and salinity of 4 dS m−1. Decreasing salinity and decreasing the depth of irrigation water increased WP. The I1NB2S1 treatment had the highest WP (12.51 kg m−3), while the I3NB3S3 treatment had the lowest WP (6.15 kg m−3). The use of the appropriate amount of NB caused the reduction of the negative effects of salinity and drought stress and the improvement of the growth of quinoa compared to the control. Therefore, it is recommended to use for the plant, especially in conditions where the plant is under drought stress, or in greenhouses, in order to reduce the amount of water consumed and improve the growth and yield of the plant. Considering that no significant difference in yield was observed between 2 and 4 dS m−1 salinity treatment and the percentage of SP in 4 dS m−1 salinity was higher than 2 dS m−1, it is possible to use water with 4 dS m−1 salinity for quinoa. Generally, the application of NB could be a suitable solution to reduce the negative effects of drought and salinity stress on quinoa and its sustainable production.

Identification of informative genes and sub-pathways using Improved Differential Expression Analysis for Pathways (iDEAP) for cancer classification

Background: Pathway-based analysis primarily focuses on sub-pathway-based analysis, which aids in understanding biological reactions. Several studies have found abnormalities in pathways caused by certain regions based on the etiology of diseases. The Differential Expression Analysis for Pathways (DEAP) method is one such sub-pathway-based analysis method, that identifies a local region perturbed by complex diseases based on larger pathway data. However, the method has low performance in identifying informative pathways and sub-pathways. Methods: In this paper we propose an improved DEAP (iDEAP) method for enhanced identification of perturbed sub-pathways that achieves higher performance in the detection of differentially expressed pathways. Firstly, a search algorithm adapted from the Detect Module from Seed Protein (DMSP) algorithm was implemented as part of the DEAP method to search for informative sub-pathways. Secondly, the relation among sub-pathways was taken into account by averaging the maximum absolute value for the DEAP score for the reaction among sub-pathways to support the efficient identification of informative pathways. Three gene expression data sets were applied to this research. Results: The proposed improved method shows a better performance over the previous methods. In fact, when the identified genes from the results were assessed using 10-fold cross validation to classify cancer based on accuracy, the improved method shows higher accuracy for colorectal cancer (90%) and breast cancer (94%). Conclusions: This shows that the proposed method effectively identifies informative genes related to the targeted phenotype. A biological validation was also conducted on the top five significant pathways and selected genes based on biological literature. The results from this analysis will be useful especially in the medical field for disease detection. In 10 years and beyond, computational biology will become ever more entwined with biomedical research and medicine.