Seed Production Of Soybean Research Articles

Improvement and development of technological foundations for creating new formula of soy protein products using local raw materials of the Republic of Uzbekistan

The article provides information on the technology for improving the quality of oilseeds. The importance of new agricultural technologies is noted in decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Agriculture to provide methodological assistance to farmers and entrepreneurs who sow and process soybeans. There is an urgent need to study the structure and chemical composition of soybean seeds cultivated in the Republic of Uzbekistan to improve the known technologies for obtaining oils from them, especially for food purposes. To implement the above-mentioned order of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the regions of the republic, more than 5,000 t/p of soybean oilseeds were sown, from which a crop of more than 80 thousand tons was harvested, which is 0.64 c/g. Cultivation and processing of soybean seeds as an oil crop and raw material for obtaining high-quality edible oil is intensively developing. The production of soybean seeds is one of the most valuable types of agricultural raw materials, the production of which, especially in the regions of the republic, is constantly increasing.

The Seed Yield of Soybean Cultivars and Their Quantity Depending on Sowing Term

The successful production of soybean seeds is dependent on the sowing date, because every sowing outside of the optimal time contributes to losses of yield. The aim of the study was to identify the response to sowing date of the chosen soybean cultivars by the evaluation of the length of the soybean vegetation period, yield level, its parameters and seed chemical composition. A field experiment was conducted in the years 2016–2019 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Grabów (Masovian Voivodeship, Poland) belonging to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute in Puławy. Soybean cultivars (four in 2016–2017 and six in 2018–2019) listed in the EU Common Catalogue with various earliness were included in the experiment. Three different sowing dates were used: I—early, II—medium and III—delayed. The two-factor experiment was carried out using a split-plot design on Luvisol soil with sandy loam texture classes, in four replications. Soybean seeds were inoculated with a bacterial culture Nitragina containing strains Bradyrhizobium japonicum. After reaching full maturity, the most important morphological traits of 10 plants and yield components: the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod were provided. After harvest, the seeds yield (kg per hectare at the 14% moisture), and 1000-seed weight were determined. The study showed that in the years with favourable weather conditions during the growing season the best yields were obtained for soybean sown on the second date, while in the year with unfavourable weather conditions, the sowing date had no significant effect on the yields. Seeds of the soybean cultivars grown under conditions of limited rainfall contained about 9% more protein than those grown under more favourable agroecological conditions. The delay of sowing date by about 20 days positively influenced the accumulation of protein in seeds.

Market prospects for soybean seed production of the East Siberian ecotype domestic varieties

The article presents the research results on the domestic and foreign market of oilseeds. In the current conditions, there is a growing demand for soybean products, which determines the necessity for high-quality harvests of this legume plant, both in the segment of the industrial and consumer market of soybean products. Both domestic and large foreign companies producing oilseeds are represented in the Russian market. According to the Food Security Doctrine, the share of domestic seeds should be at least 75% and in 2019 this figure was 62.7%. The article substantiates the production of soybean seeds of the East Siberian ecotype domestic varieties which has potential sales markets. R & D conducted by the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University together with the advanced enterprises of the agro - industrial complex of the region have the goal of forming and developing the system of selection and seed production of the East Siberian ecotype soybeans by developing and implementing molecular genetics technologies in the selection process and industrial seed production of the crop. Selection achievements are interdependent and the characteristics of marketable agricultural products are closely related to the growing technology (with costs and productivity), which will ensure the demand for selection achievements, the university’s leading position in the dissemination of innovations in the agricultural sphere of Siberia, and the advanced enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the region to organize large-scale production of soybeans and increase the production activities profitability.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of using microfertilizers and biologic drug to increase the yield of new soybean varieties

The area of soybean acreage in the Russian Federation is growing rapidly, including due to new soybean-growing regions. Over the past 20 years, production has increased by 2.9 times. However, the progress of soybean production is not as fast as national demand. To obtain high and high-quality yields, it is necessary to develop new technologies for soybean cultivation, which include solving the problem of optimizing the conditions of external resources by using minimized doses of mineral nutrition and sparing methods of application. It was found that complex pre-sowing treatment of seeds of new varieties of soybean Zusha and Osmon, containing fungicidal pickling in a tank mixture with an amino acid stimulator 14 days before sowing and inoculation on the day of sowing, caused the formation of a larger number of active nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots, an increase in the yield of soybean and, as a rule, the highest collection of raw protein from 1 hectare compared to sowing untreated seeds. The economic effect of combining chemical and biological drugs at the stage of pre-sowing seed treatment is expressed in this case in an increase in the quantity and quality of yield and low production costs, which are characterized, among other things, by the low cost of minimized doses of implemented drugs. This agricultural method can be recommended for the production of soybean seeds of new varieties of Zusha and Osmon as an element of biologization in already proven modern technologies.

Study of Production and Distribution of Soybean Seeds In Central Java

The study on the production and distribution of soybean seeds was carried out in January-September 2020. The location of soybean seed production was 33 ha across Central Java Province, Grobogan, Kendal, and Brebes districts. The seeds produced are SS1 class consisting of Grobogan (22 ha), Anjasmoro (10 ha), and Dega 1 (1 ha). Seed production was carried out by cooperating with soybean seed partners. The data collected includes data on prospective soybean seed production, yield, and distribution of soybean seeds. Existing data were analyzed descriptively. The study results showed that the Grobogan seed's productivity was 2,150 kg/ha on average, while the Anjasmoro was 2,030 kg/ha, and Dega 1 was 2,120 kg/ha. Overall yields of soybean seeds from 33 ha were 73,803 kg. The percentage yield of Grobogan was 79.072%, Anjasmoro 80.20%, and Dega 1 was 66.67%. The seeds were distributed to seed producers in the Central Java Province recommended by the Central Java Seed Monitoring and Certification Agency and the Central Java Seed Producers and Traders Association.

On-farm Soybean Seed Production Through Initiating and Supporting Seed and Grain Producer Farmer Groups in Southwest Ethiopia

Improved seed is among the most key input for increasing soybean production and productivity by significant folds, at the end ensuring food security and improving livelihoods in the country. Facilitating and accessing quality seed to small holder farmers require proper understanding of seed systems. Soybean production and productivity particularly in southwestern Ethiopia is constrained by inadequate availability of good quality seeds, lack of proper market channels, and market information. This study is therefore conducted to solve seed production and distribution problem in south west Ethiopia viz 4 selected weredas of Jimma, Buno Bedele and Illuababore zones, which aimed at enhancing soybean variety seed production technology and disseminating through establishing and supporting small scale seed producer farmers. The research approach consisted of stakeholder’s platform meeting, establishment of soybean seed producer farmer groups, technical skills and capacity building. The research finding revealed that Stakeholders’ platform was organized and arranged to discuss and share ideas/ responsibilities. A validation platform was organized with 154 participants from ministry of agriculture(MOA),Jimma agricultural research center(JARC), jimma University, cooperatives/unions, private enterprises, model farmers, then soybean seed producer farmers groups were created, which consisted of 20-30 farmers with a land holding of 0.125-0.25 hectare. Accordingly, JARC has given 22 quintals of soybean foundation seed and Biofertilizer to seed producer farmers group. Training on improved soybean seed production and soybean food recipe was given to farmers, MOA and Cooperative office experts, researchers, development agents and other officers. At the beginning, JARC was disseminating initial improved seed for small scale farmers, but, now a days; ministry of agriculture, cooperative and unions took responsibility of supporting and supplying seed, to alleviate market access, they have been later purchasing the seed from farmers. This linkage is just due to the impact of common understanding and awareness created through stakeholder platform and training. In this research, 200 seed producer farmers were participated in the system, as result more than 300 quintal soybean seed was produced and disseminated to small scale farmer and a total of 70 hectare was covered by soybean seed during research phase. Keywords: improved seed, seed system, soybean, small scale farmers DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/11-15-03 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

PENGARUH INTERAKSI PERLAKUAN Rhizobium DAN PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN TERHADAP INDEKS PANEN TERHADAP TIGA VARIETAS KEDELAI

The use of nitrogen chemical fertilizers tends to be high in soils with low nitrogen; this can affect the balance of the global N cycle. One alternative to minimize the above problem is to optimize the utilization of biological nitrogen fixation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of increased nitrogen uptake of yields and some soybean varieties. The study was conducted using a split plot design that consisted of three factors where the first factor was Rhizobium (R) inoculation, the second factor was soybean (V) variety, and the third factor was N (N) fertilizer. Results of this study showed that the N fertilization treatment gave a significant response while Rhizobium (R) treatment and variety (V) did not provide a significant response to the harvest index parameters. The interaction of varieties and N fertilization (VxN) gave a significant response while the interaction of Rhizobium and varieties (RxV), Rhizobium and N (RxN), Rhizobium fertilization, varieties and N (RxVxN) fertilization did not provide a significant response to the harvest index. The highest Index was Wilis variety that was harvested without N (V3N0) fertilization but was not significantly different from V3N1, V3N2 and V3N3. The production of soybean seeds had not been able to increase ESN because the plant dry weight and N uptake were not comparable.  Â

Agroclimatic zoning of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso for the production of soybean seeds of early cultivars

Abstract: The objective of this work was to carry out the agroclimatic zoning of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, in order to identify the regions with the best climatic conditions for producing seeds with high quality of early soybean cultivars. For this purpose, the average monthly temperature data from 11 conventional and 34 automated meteorological stations were used. Due to the low number of stations with data temperature available, this variable was estimated using spatial regression equations, having latitude, longitude and altitude as input variables. Regions with high or low climatic risk were defined according to the average temperatures observed in January and February. The following three categories were established: favorable (≤ 24 °C); moderately favorable (24.1 to 25 °C) and slightly favorable (≥ 25.1 °C). For the material confection, map usage, and geographical data compilation, the inverse distance squared weighted interpolation method was applied. The ArcGIS system was employed to compose the thematic map, in which the best areas for producing seeds of early soybean cultivar were marked. Most of the Southeastern, and Western regions of Mato Grosso were considered to be favorable for producing high quality seeds of early soybean cultivars (average temperature ≤ 24 °C).

Sowing periods, agronomic performance and seed quality of soybean cultivars in the Planosol soil

Understanding of sowing in an ideal season for each region and cultivar is essential for the crop to reach each of its stages in more favorable climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different sowing times on agronomic attributes of two soybean cultivars and the physiological quality of soybean seeds in soil type Eutrophic Haplic Planosol. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 4 x 2, with four sowing times and two soybean cultivars, with eight replications. The sowing was executed at the beginning and end of November (1st and 2nd epochs) and beginning and end of January (3rd and 4th epochs), using the cultivars: Fundacep 64 RR and BMX Potência RR. The experiment was carried out in polyethylene vessels with volumetric capacity of 10 liters. The morphological attributes of the plants were evaluated, such as: height, stem diameter, number of pods and seeds per plant, 1000 seed weight, as well as seed germination and vigor. Seeding after January 1st negatively affected the agronomic behavior of soybean plants, with reduction of plant height, stem diameter, number of pods and seeds per plant. The sowing on November 1st favored the obtaining of seeds with lower physical quality in terms of 1000 seed weight; however, seeds with superior physiological performance. Late sowing showed an alternative for the production of soybean seeds in the South region of Rio Grande do Sul, mainly due to the higher quality of the seeds produced in this period.

Influência dos períodos de dessecação da soja na germinação e componentes de rendimento

The production of soybean seeds is increasingly becoming a growing and demanding market. And quality is a crucial factor to be considered, which will depend on the crop and physiological maturity of the seed. The objective of this study was to determine the best phenological stage at the end of the soybean crop cycle to perform the desiccation so as to improve the physiological quality of seeds without affecting grain yields. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the 2016/2017 harvest. Two drying agents - diquat and glufosinate (ammonium salt) - were applied at the R6 and R6.5 and R7.2 growth stages, in addition to R9. An experimental design was used with completely randomized blocks, subdivided in plots (4 × 2). The phenological stages (R6 and R6.5, R7.2 and R9 - control) were assigned to the main plot and the drying agents to the subplots. Germination, vigor, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield and harvest anticipation were evaluated. The use of the drying agents in conjunction with the phenological stages of implementation allowed for the anticipation of harvest by 4 to 13 days, reduced yield and weight of 1000 grains, when applied in R6 and R6.5. Both drying agents had a negative influence on both the germination and vigor of seeds, with glufosinate being the drying agent with the worst germination and vigor indicators. Its use for desiccation is therefore not recommended so as not to affect the physiological quality of soybean seeds.

Physiological quality of dynamically cooled and stored soybean seeds

Storage is an important step in the production of soybean seeds, mainly in tropical regions, where high temperatures can drastically reduce seed quality. The storage at cooler temperatures may be a feasible alternative to preserve seed quality during storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds artificially cooled by a dynamic process and stored in an environment, with non controlled temperature and relativity humidity. Two seed lots of cultivars Monsoy 8757, TMG 115 RR and BRS Valiosa RR were used. After processing and during packaging the seeds were cooled to 18 ºC by a dynamic process. Seed samples were collected after 0, 60 and 120 days of storage, using the following parameters germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in sand, speed of emergence index, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium and seed health. Although soybean seeds artificially cooled by the dynamic method may have slightly superior performance in maintaining physiological quality during storage in non-refrigerated warehouse, for lots of high physiological quality, these advantages are not observed.

Influence of Field Drainage on Dry Matter and Seed Production of Soybean in the Hokuriku District of Japan

排水が不良で湿害が助長されやすい強グライ土の占める面積割合が高い北陸地域において，排水良好転換畑と排水不良転換畑を用いて，ダイズ畝立て栽培を3ヶ年行って比較した結果，排水不良転換畑では，排水良好転換畑に比べて低収となった．主な要因について，排水不良転換畑では，排水良好転換畑に比べて作土層の土壌水分が高く推移することによって開花期以降の地上部・地下部乾物重，窒素吸収量およびLAIの増加が抑制され，根の活性は低く推移すること，開花以前より分枝節数が少なく推移して，個体当たりの花蕾数，稔実莢数が少なくなったことが考えられた．

Sementes de soja produzidas em épocas de safrinha na região oeste do Estado do Paraná

The soybean culture in out season as a practice that consolidates in terms of an option between harvests, could also serve to the production of soybean seeds. The present work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of sowing in out season, on physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of three soybeans cultivars, in west of Paraná state. For such way were conducted four assays in the year of 2005, arranged in a completely randomized block design, with each assay sown in different dates (01/15, 01/30, 02/15 and 03/15). The studied cultivars were CD 202, CD 215 and CD 216. The seeds were evaluated by germination and vigor tests (first counting and accelerated aging) and of health. The seeds produced in “out season” in the year of 2005, to the environmental conditions of the west of Paraná state were not favorable to the attainment of high physiological quality seeds

Calcium, Phosphorus, and Harvest Stages Effects Soybean Seed Production and Quality

ABSTRACT Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) play an important role in growth and development of plants however, their effects on soybean seed production and seed quality in late harvested seed crop has not been studied. Therefore, influence of three rates of calcium (0, 50, 100 kg ha− 1), and phosphorus (0, 45, 90 kg ha− 1) was investigated on seed production and seed quality in soybeans (cv. ‘Hutcheson’) harvested at three stages: (HS-1 = physiological maturity-yellow/brown pods; HS-2 = harvestable maturity-brown/dried pods; and HS-3 = harvested 15 days after HS-2). Results showed that yield components, seed yield and seed quality harvested at HS-1 and HS-2 stages were similar but were significantly higher than seed harvested at HS-3 stage. Calcium applied at 100 kg ha− 1 significantly increased harvest index, yield, and quality of seed. Phosphorus applied at 90 kg ha− 1 significantly increased the number of pods per plant and seed yield. Seed quality (viability and germination % after cold test) was enhanced with application of Ca at 100 and P at 90 kg ha− 1 in comparison to the control. Application of Ca and P significantly improved soybean seed yield and quality but this beneficial effect did not prevent decrease in seed quality if harvesting was delayed.

Determinação da pureza varietal de sementes de soja com o auxílio de marcadores moleculares microssatélites

Fatores ambientais contribuem para a produção de sementes de soja com características diferentes do padrão da variedade e a análise visual para determinação de pureza varietal não é suficiente. Marcadores moleculares de DNA podem auxiliar na identificação da pureza genética de sementes, durante o processo de certificação de sementes, uma vez que não sofrem influências ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um método de análise da pureza genética de sementes de soja, utilizando marcadores microssatélites. Amostras de DNA de sementes de soja, consideradas atípicas pelo método visual, foram analisadas com microssatélites e comparadas ao padrão da variedade. As amostras de DNA foram analisadas em bulk, o que permitiu diminuir os custos, com a mesma precisão da análise individual. De onze lotes de sementes avaliados como impuros na análise visual, e portanto, eliminados do processo de certificação, apenas quatro apresentaram número de sementes de outras cultivares acima do limite tolerado.

Calcium Effects on Soybean Seed Production, Elemental Concentration, and Seed Quality

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants produce fewer and lower quality seeds when grown in conditions that decrease seed Ca concentration. Indeterminate soybean was grown in modified hydroponic culture to ascertain the effects of Ca deficiency on leaf dry matter, seed production and elemental concentration, and the effect of pod position on seed elemental concentration in 1992 and 1993. Treatments consisted of 2.0 (Control), 0.2 (Low), 0.1 (Very Low) mM Ca in the nutrient media. Some Control plants were switched to Low or Very Low (Con/L, VL) Ca levels at beginning seed growth stage (R5), and some plants grown at the Very Low Ca level were switched to the Control (VL/Con) Ca level at R5. At harvest, plants were divided into four sections: top‐third (T/3), middle‐third (M/3), and bottom‐third (B/3) of the mainstem and branches (Br). Low and Very Low treatments produced 65 and 10% as much seed mass, respectively, as Control in both years. Low and Very Low treatments retained significantly less total leaf dry matter at R5 in both years. Seed Ca levels were 25 to 300% higher in treatments that included the Control Ca level during any part of reproductive growth compared to other treatments in both years. Seed Ca concentration was highest in the T/3 and Br sections in both years. Germination was reduced in treatments not including the Control solution during part of the reproductive growth period in both years. Decreased Ca levels in the nutrient medium reduced soybean leaf dry matter during seed fill, seed production, seed Ca concentration, and seed germination, and increased the incidence of seedling disorders such as watery hypocotyl and epicotyl necrosis.

Hybrid Soybean Seed Production: Comparison of Three Methods

Improved methods to produce hybrid soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed could augment several types of research. Two previously described methods, the traditional method and the dilution method, require insect‐facilitated cross‐pollination of ms ms nuclear male‐sterile plants. The traditional method requires a substantial time investment during flowering to remove fertile siblings, and the dilution method requires a substantial amount of land and pollen‐parent seed. Because time, land, and seed are limited, a more efficient method would be valuable. The cosegregation method was developed, utilizing close genetic linkage between the W1 locus and the Ms6 locus. The W1 ___, seedling has a purple hypocotyl; the w1 w1 seedling has a green hypocotyl. The ms6 ms6 plant is male sterile and female fertile. Approximately 97% of the purple‐hypocotyl seedlings, W1 ___, in a line segregating for the w1 and ms6 alleles in coupling phase will he fertile, Ms6 ___, and can be removed as a pollen source at the first‐trifoliolate stage. Our objective was to evaluate and compare the three methods of hybrid soybean seed production for seed yield, efficiency, and hybrid seed purity and quality. We used a randomized complete‐block design (three replications per location, three locations, two years). The cosegregation method gave higher seed yield, better efficiency, and equal or better seed quality (percentage germination, 100‐seed weight) than the other methods. Male‐sterile plants yielded an average of 28.6 seeds plant−1 with the cosegregation method, 18.2 seeds plant−1 with the traditional method, and 9.5 seeds plant−1 with the dilution method. The cosegregation method will be useful in several research areas, including genetic control of complex traits, prediction of parental value, recurrent selection, and commercialization of hybrid soybean.

Effect of Sowing Time on Dry Matter Production and Seed Production of Soybean.

生態型の異なる中間ダイズの金成1号と, 秋ダイズのアキヨシの2品種を供試し, 1982, 1983の両年度に, それぞれ5月末から7月下旬まで3回の播種期を設定して栽培し, 生育, 乾物生産, 及び子実生産について検討した. 1. 両品種とも晩播きになるほど開花迄日数, 生育日数が短縮され, それに伴って主茎長, 節数, 分枝数, 葉面積指数が小となった. 2. 結莢期における乾物生産構造からみると, 光合成系は品種ではアキヨシが大きく, 播種期では晩播きになるほど小さかった. 吸光係数は晩播きになるほど大きく, 比葉面積との間に負の相関関係が認められた. 3. 各生長パラメータは品種, 播種期をとわず同様なパターンで推移していたが, 生育後半には晩播きになるほどその低下の度合が大きかった. 4. 収量は両品種とも晩播きになるほど低くなった. これは莢数・子実数の減少によるもので, 生育量と密接な関係を有するものと考察された. 5. 本実験の範囲内では, 中間ダイズは播種期に対する反応性が低く, 播種期を適宜選定できるのに対し, 秋ダイズは播種適期が存在し, 一応, それを6月下旬と推定した.

Significance of Intra-plant Flowering Date in Soybean Seed Production : 2. Number of flowers, podding efficiency, nodal distribution of pods and yield components among different flowering dates

To evaluate the significance of intra-plant flowering date in yielding process of soybeans, number of flowers, podding efficiency, nodal distribution of pods on the main stem and yield components originated from different flowering dates within a plant were investigated. The experiment was conducted under the field condition with six determinate, one semi-indeterminate and two indeterminate varieties. Flowering period of each variety was classified by five days interval into three to seven groups by painting a different color to a calyx. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Total number of flowers per plant was widely varied among varieties. In semi-indeterminate and indeterminate types a peak of flowering was in the middle of flowering period while in determinate types most of flowering occurred in the first ten days of flowering. Podding efficiency also varied 20 to 62% among varieties. It tended to be the earlier the flowering date, the lower the abscission level, although the podding efficiency of the earliest flowering group in indeterminate types was somewhat low (Table 1 and Fig. 1). 2. Nodal distribution profiles of pods on the main stem were different among types of growth habit and among varieties of determinate types. However, most pods in the upper and middle portion of the main stem showed a tendency to be originated from the full-flowering period (Fig. 2). 3. Seed numbers per pod of the flowering groups with high podding efficiency tended to be larger and those from the later-flowered groups were small. Seventy percent and more seeds produced per plant were originated from the first ten days of flowering in determinate types and from the fifteen days in the middle of flowering period in semi-indeterminate and indeterminate types (Table 2). 4. Seed size in the flowering period described above was also larger than the other flowering period. Coefficients of variation of individual seed size were not always related to the date of flowering group, although they differed among flowering groups (Table 3). 5. As a result, the greater parts of seed yield (70-80% in early-matured variety and 90% and more in others) originated from the first ten days of flowering in determinate types and from the fifteen days in the middle of flowering period in semi-indeterminate and indeterminate types (Fig. 3). Therefore, these periods might be called effective flowering period (EFLP) for soybean seed production.

Significance of Intra-plant Flowering Date in Soybean Seed Production : 1. Pod and seed development among different flowering dates

Flowering of soybean plants continues for a cosiderably long period. This experiment was conducted to make clear the significance of intra-plant flowering date in yielding process of soybeans. Characteristics of pod and seed development were investigated under the field condition with nine varieties differing in growth habit, maturity and seed size (Table 1). Flowers were distinguished by five days interval by painting a different color to a calyx. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Flowering period was classified into 3 (I-III) or 4 (I-IV) groups in six determinate types, 6 (I-VI) in one semi-indeterminate and 6 or 7 (I-VII) in two indeterminate types. All flowers of the last flowering group were aborted except three determinate varieties with 3 flowering groups (Fig. 1). 2. Pod length and pod width attained their maximum values within 20 to 30 days after flowering irrespective of variety and flowering group. There were little effects of flowering date on pod width at maturity. Although thickness of pod, and length, width and thickness of seed increased until near maturity, differences in sizes of seed among flowering groups became very small during dehydration process (Fig. 2). 3. During seed filling period and at maturity, sizes of pod and seed from the last flowering group (III) tended to be small compared with those from the earlier ones (I, II) in determinate types, whereas those from the earliest (I or I, II) and the last (V or VI) flowering group tended to be small in semi-indeterminate and indeterminate types (Fig. 2). These tendencies were more clearly shown in dry weight of pod and seed (Fig. 3). 4. Sigmoid curves were obtained for seed dry matter changes of each flowering group. The slope and duration of linear phase differed among varieties and flowering groups. Rate of dry matter accumulation (RDA) of seed in a large-seeded variety was of lineal phase differed among varieties and flowering groups. Rate of dry matter generally higher than that in a small-seeded variety. In determinate types, seed from the last flowering group had low RDA or short effective filling period (EFP), whereas in semi-indeterminate or indeterminate types, the earliest-flowered seed had low RDA and the last had short EFP (Table 2).