Seed Potato Growers Research Articles

Pre-harvest exogenous application of growth regulators extends storability and maintains the seed potato quality

Preservation of potato tubers is essential not only for their general marketability but also for their potential use as seed potatoes. In subtropical areas, the small and marginal seed potato growers stored their produce at ambient temperature and thus prolonging storability through diverse seed storage techniques. Application of exogenous growth regulators is one the approaches which affect the quality of potato tubers positively. The present study assessed the impact of exogenous growth regulation on the storage and post-harvest quality of potato tubers. The seed potatoes crop was treated with growth regulators at 45 and 60 d after sowing to determine their effect on physiological losses and quality of tubers in storage at ambient temperature during 2019–20 and 2020–21. Application of GA200 reduced the total weight loss by 23.7 and 24.5% during 1st and 2nd year, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Among the auxin treatments, the minimum weight loss was recorded with IBA200. At 120 d of storage, GA200 resulted in a higher tuber dry-matter and total phenol content, compared to the untreated control. IBA200 pre-harvest application led to lower sprouting characteristics, followed by IBA100, NAA50, and NAA25. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that post-harvest quality was negatively correlated with total weight loss and disease incidence (soft and dry rot). Among all the treatments, Ethrel50 was the more susceptible to soft and dry rot incidence. IBAs exhibited superior efficacy over NAAs in the suppression of storage diseases. In conclusion, a pre-harvest application of GA200 at 45 and 60 d after sowing can prolong the shelf life of seed potatoes at ambient temperature while maintaining or improving their post-harvest quality.

PENANGKARAN BENIH KENTANG BERMUTU SISTEM AEROPONIK DAN MEDIA STERIL DI DESA PANDANSARI KECAMATAN PAGUYANGAN KABUPATEN BREBES

National seed systems still relying on the conventional production system and still need to increase the capacity of efficient seed potatoes technology to achieve independence seed producers in potato production centers. Empowerment of seed breeders through aeroponic technology is expected to increase the motivation of people in the implementation of the national potato seed technology innovation. Activities include training to enlighten the knowledge aspect of aeroponic technology innovation and national potato seed system. Making demonstration plots and aeroponic systems sterile media net home with intensive support can convince the public of the benefits of aeroponic technology for seed potatoes and potato agribusiness community. In general, the activities have been carried out according to plan with the physical performance of the activity by 100%, and the implementation of training activities and demonstration plots rewind time because farmers are not ready due to the busyness of the growing season as well as the financing of late. Seed potato training activities held on July 19, 2014, in the House of Mr. Warsono. Training materials presented include Aeroponic Technology in Potato Breeding, Seed Potato System National Potato Cultivation Technology Conservation and Production Systems Business Media sterile in Potato Quality. Through the training forum also gathered information on the seed and potato cultivation by farmers as well as to evaluate the implementation of the technology transfer to the questionnaire questions in the form of pre-test and post-test. Increasing knowledge about seed potato growers in aeroponics, and also increase its capacity as seed kentan. Seed potatoes (seeding) is aeroponics and seeding potato in sterile media has been practiced by farmers and plants grow normally. Farmers optimistic partners can perform independently seed potatoes after following the steps in training activities.

Disease-free Pre-Basic Seed Potato Production through Tissue Culture in Nepal

Pre-basic seed potatoes are disease free potato minitubers produced by transplanting pathogen free in vitro potato plantlets under protected condition in aphid-proof glasshouse and/or screen house. Double antibody sand witched - enzyme linked immuno-sorbant assay is used to test six major potato viruses, namely PLRV, PVS, PVX, PVY, PVA and PVM. Thermotherapy cum meristem tip excision techniques are used to eliminate these viruses. Virus free in vitro potato plantlets are rapidly propagated by single nodal cuttings on modified MS media. For pre-basic seed production disease free in vitro potato plantlets are transplanted in the sterile sand soil substrate under glasshouse and screen house, once in autumn season and next in spring season. Since 1990, National Potato Research Program has been producing about 200,000 pre-basic seeds annually. So far, PBS of 19 different recommended and released potato cultivars has been produced. Till date 3,465,799 PBS had been produced and 3,217,666 pre-basic seeds distributed to the different seed potato growers groups, District Agriculture Development Offices, government farms/research stations, and NGOs/INGOs for subsequent basic seed potato production. After establishment of tissue culture facilities in National Potato Research Program, the productivity of potato has been increased by 71% due to utilization of pre-basic seed potatoes.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 7-13DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11564

INUNDATION AS TOOL FOR MANAGEMENT OF GLOBODERA PALLIDA AND VERTICILLIUM DAHLIA

Seed potato production is threatened by potato cyst nematodes (PCN). Seed potatoes can only be grown on PCN-free declared potato fields. A seed potato grower chose inundation, flooding his soil, for controlling PCN because resistant cultivars are economically less advantageous and catch crops or granular fumigants gave insufficient results. Inundation is widely used in bulb cultures in The Netherlands to control parasitic nematodes and selectively also pathogenic fungi. Research was performed on the efficiency of inundation against PCN species Globodera pallida and the causal fungal agent of potato wilt Verticillium dahlia (Vd) in a 30 ha field. The effect on soil fertility and texture was also studied. A technical manual for large-scale inundation was written for growers and economic evaluation was performed. Results showed that after 16 weeks of inundation 99.9% of the contents of artificially applied G. pallida cysts was eliminated. Vitality of V. dahlia was reduced with 84%. Incorporation of B. juncea did not increase efficiency. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) with incorporated B. juncea in the dike surrounding the field, showed a lower efficiency against G. pallida due to incorrect application. Naturally occurring beet cysts lost their vitality after inundation. Incorporation of B. juncea increased soil suppressiveness against Rhizoctonia solani whereas inundation leveled out this effect. By slow release of water after inundation soil texture remained unchanged. Changes in fertilizer content were affected both by the growth and incorporation of B. juncea and by inundation. An increase of sodium and of the electrical conductivity (EC) was noticed. Inundation proved to be highly effective in controlling PCN and Vd and economically feasible for practical application. Long-term effects have to be monitored and effects on other soil quality aspects, both biological, chemical and physical should be taken into account in future research. For some regions in The Netherlands inundation is a new tool for seed potato growers in their Nematode Control Strategy.

Statistical Analysis of the Laboratory Methods Used to Detect Potato Virus Y

According to the rules of certification for seed potatoes in Idaho, the maximum allowed content of potato virus Y (PVY) in seed potatoes is 2%. A number of laboratory methods are available to test for the presence of PVY. These methods are likely to have different degrees of accuracy. Consequently, the choice of a method used to detect PVY is likely to affect the test outcome and therefore economic benefits received by seed potato growers. This paper presents a statistical analysis of PVY detection performance of a traditional ELISA-based method versus two new PCR-based methods. The latter are considered to possess superior characteristics as compared to ELISA. We find that PVY detection performance of one of the PCR-based methods is statistically different from PVY detection performance of ELISA. Furthermore, this PCR-based method is less likely to provide a PVY positive outcome. However, PVY detection performance of another PCR-based method is not statistically different from ELISA. Finally, we find that a type of sample material tested affects PVY detection outcome. A positive PVY outcome is less likely if potato tubers are tested and it is more likely if potato leaves are tested.

MICROPROPAGATION TECHNOLOGY IN EARLY PHASES OF COMMERCIAL SEED POTATO PRODUCTION

MICROPROPAGATION TECHNOLOGY IN EARLY PHASES OF COMMERCIAL SEED POTATO PRODUCTION

Viegelahn Farms and Investments: The Michigan Seed Potato Industry at a Crossroads: A Decision Case

Howard Viegelahn's company is a slightly larger than average seed potato producer faced with many problems. Profitability and cash flow traditionally have been good, but declining customer satisfaction with the Michigan seed potato industry is contributing to declining profits, cash flow pressures, and reduced sales. Viegelahn is one of twenty-seven seed potato producers in Michigan who have been regarded by seed buyers as stuck in their own little world. This seed potato industry is being affected by: (a) aggressive Wisconsin seed potato producers, (b) the threat/opportunities associated with biotechnology, and (c) the perception and occasional evidence that varieties from neighboring states outyield and outperform Michigan-grown seed potatoes. Viegelahn is an innovative seed potato producer striving to differentiate his products and services in a small, tradition-bound industry. Viegelahn must decide whether to (a) continue alone as a differentiated seed producer, (b) fundamentally change his individual strategy toward a low-price focus, or (c) convince his fellow seed potato growers to cooperate in making the Michigan seed potato industry more competitive.

Plant Growth Regulators and Yields of Seed Potatoes

Seed potato growers seek to maximize yields of desirable sized tubers. This study examined how foliar applications of plant growth regulators influence yields of drop or single-cut seed tubers under field conditions. In 1993, paclobutrazol (PTZ; 300, 450, and 600 mg·liter–1), kinetin (KIN; 10 and 20 mg·liter–1), and methyl jasmonate (MJ; 10–7, 10–6, 10–5, and 10–4 M) were applied to `Norland' (NOR) and `Russet Burbank' (RB) potatoes. In 1994, PTZ (300 mg·liter–1), KIN (both rates), and MJ (10–7 and 10–6 M) treatments were eliminated, and GA3 at 250 mg·liter–1 or KIN at 20 mg·liter–1 was applied to some of PTZ treatments. In 1994, the cultivar Shepody (SH) also was included. Plants were treated at two growth stages; NOR (1993), RB (1993 and 1994), and SH (1994) were treated when tubers were <10 mm or <20 mm in diameter. NOR (1994) was treated at stolon initiation (no tubers) or early tuber initiation (<8 mm in diameter). PTZ had no effect on seed tuber (25–50 mm in diameter) yield in NOR in either season. PTZ increased seed tuber number (STN) in RB by 29% to 40% and in SH by 57% to 70% over the controls. KIN had no effect on STN in any cultivar. MJ had no effect on STN in NOR (1993) or in RB in either season or in SH in 1994. In 1994, the highest rate of MJ (10–4 M) increased STN in NOR by 40% over the controls. GA3 had no beneficial effect on STN when applied after PTZ. This study suggests that, under field conditions, PTZ can increase seed tuber production in RB and SH while MJ was effective in NOR potatoes.

Integrated control of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in Switzerland: concept and first results1

A project has been undertaken in Switzerland to reduce the number of applications of fungicides to potato by a reduction of late blight incidence and disease pressure as well as by providing reliable and precise spraying recommendations against blight. We try to achieve this aim by combining different elements: (1) to delay and to impede disease progress, it is planned to promote less susceptible potato cultivars and to reduce the number of primary foci by advising seed potato growers to protect their crops more carefully; (2) the data of about 20 weather stations are utilized to test different forecasting systems; (3) these (theoretical) indications on the appearance of the disease are complemented by extensive monitoring of real late blight occurrence in the field; (4) the late blight susceptibility of all cultivars grown in Switzerland is being assessed by special trials. From the combination of all this information, spraying recommendations will be formulated according to regions and cultivars.

Changes in leaf components and peroxidase activity of potato plants (cv. Bintje) in relation to mature-plant resistance to PVYN

It can be of economic importance for seed potato growers to know the stage of mature-plant resistance of a crop to viruses when aphid flights occur. In 1976 four field experiments were carried out in different parts of the northern Netherlands in which potato plants were artificially inoculated with potato virus YN at four dates. Leaves, tubers and total crop growth were analysed during the growing season to see if a biochemical test could be used to determine the onset of mature-plant resistance. It is concluded that such a test is useful only when used in combination with additional information about early infections. None of the criteria (dry matter, organic nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble protein contents, and peroxidase activity) proved to be useful in establishing or predicting the time of occurrence of a high level of mature-plant resistance with the desired accuracy.

Notice to seed potato growers of the release of Allagash Russet, a new russet-skinned medium-early maturing variety

Notice to seed potato growers of the release of Allagash Russet, a new russet-skinned medium-early maturing variety

A leaf roll virus control program in Idaho's seed potato areas

An area leaf roll virus control program was initiated by certified seed potato growers in Caribou County, Idaho in 1961 and became fully organized in 1963. This program consisted of early season control of the green peach aphid,Myzus persicae (Sulz.), on garden transplants and in home gardens, removal of winter hosts of this insect, and formulation of strict requirements for handling seed stocks for certification. Seed lots with more than a trace of leaf roll virus (0.1%) declined from 18.7% in the 1957–1961 period to 0% in the 1962–1965 period. Green peach aphid numbers showed a similar decline. Weather conditions, unfavorable for green peach aphid development in 1963 and 1964, probably contributed to the success of the program. Leaf roll virus incidence and green peach aphid numbers have declined in other Idaho seed potato producing areas where similar programs have been adopted.

Herbicidal agents as possible aids for roguing diseased seed-potato plants

Several herbicidal materials were screened as possible roguing agents on potato plants. Most of the materials were rejected because of their slow killing action and failure to prevent regrowth from seed pieces. In greenhouse and field trials, Diesel oil plus 0.4 per cent triethanolamine salt of 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Diesel oil plus 30 per cent of an Isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate emulsion, and Diesel oil plus 1 per cent Dow General Weed Killer were found to be suitable for roguing purposes. In subsequent greenhouse trials, a mixture of Diesel oil and 10 per cent MH 30 killed sprayed plants and inhibited sprouting of seed pieces and harvested tubers. This indicates that further work should be be done on mixtures of Diesel oil and the newer growth-regulating compounds as chemical roguing agents. Trials by seed potato growers have indicated that transporting roguers, roguing chemicals, and spray equipment with a tractor to locate and spray diseased plants is a quick, efficient roguing method. At present, however, the seed-pieces and tubers under sprayed plants must be dug and destroyed before harvesting. Further research may bring forth an ideal herbicidal mixture which would kill all of the seed pieces and tubers of sprayed plants and thus eliminate the need for digging them. The consensus of interviewed growers was that chemical roguing costs less and is more efficient than hand roguing. The results of these chemical-roguing investigations show that efficient, inexpensive, roguing materials can be used to replace the tedious, costly, and inefficient hand-roguing methods in current use.

A survey of potato aphides in the South‐Western Agricultural Advisory Province

The results of a survey of aphis populations on potatoes in Devon and Cornwall; with special reference to Myzus persicae Sulz., during the years 1937‐41 are given. One or more counts were made by the standard method at 107 centres to determine population index figures. The results are summarized in the form of a map. The highest index figure obtained during the 5 years was 609, and only on six other occasions was the figure of 100 exceeded; of these centres only one was situated in the area considered to be especially favourable to seed production, and this centre was a market garden. The distribution of the various species of potato aphides is discussed, together with their fluctuations from year to year; special reference is made to M. persicae and M. ornatus. Observations on the parasitism of M. persicae are described. The relationship of the proximity of winter hosts, altitude and of meteorological conditions, to the populations of M. persicae is discussed. The conditions for the production of seed potatoes in Devon and Cornwall are summarized. An account is given of those areas in Devon and Cornwall deemed suitable for seed production. A short account of the formation of a ‘Seed Potato Growers' Association’ in Devon and Cornwall has been added.

The developing and growing of certified seed potatoes for subtropical and tropical countries

In studying potato production and seed requirements of southern countries, especially Cuba, it seemed that the Louisiana-grown seed potatoes, particularly U. S. No. I Small, size I ~ to i7~ inches, should prove satisfactory for fall and early winter planting; because Louisiana potatoes are harvested in May and could be held in cold storage until planting time. At this time the full rest period will be completed and the seed should germinate more readily than freshly harvested stock from the north. Then, too, for early planting, the small whole potato is desirable since the chances of the entrance of decaying organisms would be lessened. Working upon the above assumption, preliminary experiments and commercial tests were started in 1932 , when IOO sacks of a hundred pounds each of the Triumph variety were donated by Louisiana growers. These potatoes were shipped to the Cuban Department of Agriculture : 20 bags were sent to the Cuban Agricultural Experiment Station at Santiago de las Vegas and the remaining bags were distributed to leading growers throughout the Island. Shipments for experimental tests were also made to the following places: Florida, Texas, Porto Rico, Hawaii, Bermuda, Jamaica, Panama, Ecuador, and Argentine. The results obtained in Cuba and elsewhere were very gratifying, demonstrating the advantage of the kind of seed that Louisiana could supply. In order to furnish seed of high quality and of known merit, it was necessary for the Louisiana potato growers to organize a Certified Seed Potato Growers' Association. This group selected the Agricultural Cooperatives of the Louisiana Farm Bureau, Baton Rouge, as their sales agent. In 1933, 8183 sacks of IOO pounds each were sold as compared with lO,934 in 1934 and 11,368 in 1935 . Because of the fact that the Louisiana seed has its full rest period, it can be planted immediately when offered for sale in September and October. The growers, in Cuba for example, can harvest potatoes from one month to six weeks earlier than they have in the past, in this way extending the period of time that they can produce their own potatoes.

Colorado certified seed potato growers association

Colorado certified seed potato growers association

Certified seed potato growers

Certified seed potato growers

British Columbia certified seed potato growers association

British Columbia certified seed potato growers association

New brunswick growers organize a certified seed potato growers” association

New brunswick growers organize a certified seed potato growers” association