Seed Oil Percentage Research Articles

Pennycress domestication and improvement efforts

AbstractPennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is a winter annual weed species that is distributed globally in temperate regions. The possibility of pennycress inclusion in the corn–soybean cropping system in the midwestern United States has garnered increasing attention from farmers. Growing pennycress offers environmental benefits—reducing soil erosion and nitrate leaching, improving water quality, early‐season pollinator food, and economic benefits—higher seed oil percentage, increased net profit, crop diversification, and biodiesel/renewable jet fuel production. The prospect of pennycress as a cover/oilseed cash crop in the United States is supported by several private and public research institutions. Here, we have discussed the rise of pennycress as a breakthrough oilseed crop in the last decade and explored recent developments in pennycress genetics and genomics research, which could pave the way for pennycress improvement and sustainable pennycress inclusion in the midwestern United States.

Analysis of Nutritional Characteristics and Willingness to Pay of Consumers for Dry-Cured Sausages (Salchichón) Made with Textured Seed Oils.

The consumption of processed meat products beyond recommended limits has been associated with serious health conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. In an effort to create healthier options, the meat industry is exploring alternatives to animal fat in processed meats. This study focuses on replacing animal fat in dry-cured sausages (Salchichón) with textured chia, poppy, melon, and pumpkin oils. The research aims to evaluate the physical and nutritional changes resulting from this substitution and assess consumer acceptance through sensory analysis. The use of seed oils led to slight color changes and comparable texture, except for cohesiveness. The incorporation of textured seed oils resulted in reduced fat content, increased proportions of ashes and protein, and decreased energy value. The fatty acid composition showed lower proportions of saturated fatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids. Sensory analysis revealed that the control sample with pork fat received the highest ratings for appearance, texture, and taste, while samples with higher seed oil percentages scored lower due to color, cohesiveness, and specific flavors from the seed oils. Despite these variations, consumers demonstrated a high level of acceptability for all samples. Choice analysis results indicated that higher prices had a negative impact on consumer willingness to purchase, while the use of the 100% Iberian pig breed and animal welfare labels positively influenced purchasing attitudes. Regarding the presence of a pumpkin seed oil label in the product, a negative willingness to pay was reported. However, significant individual variation was reported for this attribute, indicating the existence of consumer segments with more positive attitudes toward these innovative dry-cured sausages.

Essential oil Percentage of Celery and Parsley and Their Components as Affected by Method Extraction

Medicinal and aromatic plants often used as natural medicines because of their remedial properties. Product of plant origin has become an exciting area of research in drug discovery and development. Medicinal and aromatic plants mainly exploited for essential oil extraction for many applications in industries. This study aims to evaluate two extraction methods on essential oil percentage and components of celery and parsley seeds. Celery essential oil percentage gave insignificant effect according to the two used methods, meanwhile parsley essential oil percentage appeared significant values, and the main components of the two plants decreased with extracted by evaporator, (limonene of celery and Myristicin of parsley). Limonene was decreased from 71.32% with hydro distillation to 42.04% with evaporator hydro distillation, myristicin was lower from 77.58% to 53.69% according to the previously methods. Monoterpene hydrocarbons decreased in two plants with evaporator hydro distillation, but oxygenated compounds were increased and the decrease was very low in both two plants, meanwhile sesquiterpene hydrocarbons cleared decrease in celery and increase in parsley. According to previously, recommended by application the two methods (hydroditilation of water and evaporator) for essential oil extraction of both of celery and parsley seeds.

Response of Canola productivity to integration between mineral nitrogen with yeast extract under poor fertility sandy soil condition

Canola is one of the important oil crops and is considered the most promising oil source and adapts to reclaimed soil conditions. The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of yeast extract (YE) integrated with nitrogen (N) rates and treatments were arranged as follows: Control (without F0), 95 kg N ha−1 (F1), 120 kg N ha−1 (F2), 142 kg N ha−1 (F3), 95 kg N ha−1 + YE (F4), 120 kg N ha−1 + YE (F5) and 142 kg N ha−1 + YE (F6) on physico-chemical properties, yield and its components for three Canola genotypes i.e. AD201 (G1), Topaz and SemuDNK 234/84 under the sandy soil. In this work, Results reveal that increasing rates of Nitrogen fertilization from 95 kg N ha−1 to 142 kg N ha−1 have a great effect on physicochemical properties yield and its components. The result proved that 142 kg N ha−1 with yeast treatment was the best treatment for three Canola genotypes. Also, the result showed that seed yield was positively correlated with Chl. a/b ratio, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, and number of seeds/pod, and a strong negative correlation was detected between seed oil percentage when the amount of nitrogen fertilization applied without or with yeast extract is increased.

Effect of Sowing Dates and Compound Fertilizer NPK on Growth and Yield of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Two field experiments were conducted during winter growing season 2019-2020 at Ninevah Governorate at two locations: Talkief and Al-Hamdaniya. The main objective was to study the effect of two sowing dates (November 2017 and December 2017), and four levels of N15P15K15 fertilizers (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg. ha-1) on growth and yield of flax under rainfed conditions. The factorial experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with triplicate. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between sowing dates in all the studied characters in the both locations, the date of sowing (November 17) gave the highest rate of plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1, number of seeds. capsule-1, 1000 seed weight , seed yield, seed oil percentage and linolenic acid percentage. Adding NPK fertilizer with 200 Kg NPK.ha-1 to the soil was superior in some characters i.e. plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1 and number of seeds. capsule-1 in Al-Hamdaniya location, Whereas linolenic acid percentage was superior in Talkief location, Also highest seeds oil percentage was obtained in both locations. The interaction between date (November 17) with 200 kg.ha-1 of N15P15K15 fertilizer was significantly (p<0.05) superior in linolenic acid percentage in Talkief location only.

Combining ability of some sunflower parental lines in both normal and drought stress conditions

Abstract General and specific combining abilities of three cytoplasmic male sterile and four restorer lines of sunflower were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions in Eslamabad-e-Gharb, Iran during two growing season (2019 and 2020). Drought stress reduced seed yield, oil yield, thousand seeds weight and head diameter by 21.9%, 18.1%, 14.3% and 11.5%, respectively. Line × tester analysis indicated that the effect of lines was significant for the number of days to flowering, plant height, grain yield and seed oil percentage under both normal and drought stress conditions. The effect of lines was significant for number of days to maturity and number of seeds per head under normal condition and for thousand seeds weight under drought stress condition. Contribution of lines × testers were higher than the variances of lines or testers for of most of all the studied traits indicating the major role of non-additive effects on expression of theses traits. R131 was differentiated with the highest positive general combining ability for grain and oil yield in both normal and drought stress conditions. Among the testers, AGK32 and AF81-222 had the highest general combining ability for grain yield under normal and stressed conditions, respectively. R131×AGK38, with grain yields of 4414 and 3457 kg ha-1 under normal and drought stress conditions respectively, had the highest specific combining ability for grain and oil yield under both conditions. The results of this study showed that the genetic materials and environmental conditions can affect the nature of gene effect and combining ability of sunflower parent lines and crosses.

Influence of water stress on engineering characteristics and oil content of sunflower seeds

Knowing some physical and mechanical characteristics and oil percentage of sunflower seeds could be useful for harvesting and processing equipment and activities such as transportation, storage, food production processes and establishing database of this seed. The main aim of this research was to study the effect of water stress during irrigation on seed’s properties and quality. For this purpose, a field experiment was done under four deficit irrigation treatments [80%, 60%, 100–80 (100% irrigation requirement ETc to seed formation, and then reduced to 80% until harvesting) and 100–60% (100% ETc to seed formation, and then reduced to 60% until harvesting)] in comparable with full irrigation (100%). Geometrical, gravimetrical and mechanical characteristics as well as oil seed content and yield of sunflower seed were estimated. Result showed that there was no significant effect of low (100–80%) and medium (80%) irrigation deficit treatments on geometrical, gravimetrical and mechanical characteristics, while applying 60% of irrigation requirement (ETc) showed a significant effect on them. On the other hand, low and medium irrigation stress treatments improved the oil yield and seed oil content. The highest increase was 8.54% and 5.6% for oil yield and oil content respectively, considering T100–80 followed by applying 80% ETc, but with high water stress (60% ETc) oil yield and seed oil content significantly decreased.

Effect of Spraying with GA<sub>3</sub> on the Quality and Oil Content of Syrian Okra Seeds <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.)

This study aimed to estimate the effect of spraying of okra plants, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) with GA3 on the quality and oil content of the seeds. For this, the local okra variety was selected and used, which was growing widespread in the coastal region of Syria. This study was carried out in Al-Haffa area, Lattakia governorate, Syria (with 105 MSL elevation) for two seasons 2019-2020. The results showed that the effect of spraying with GA3 was more evident in the quality of the seeds as well as oil content at 75 ppm concentration with 68.7 g weight of 1000 seeds and 5.31% seed oil percentage. This study also showed that oil of local okra variety seed was rich in the essential fatty acids namely, linoleic, palmitic, oleic, stearic and linolenic, treatment with 75 ppm concentration of GA3 was more effective in the seed content of essential fatty acids with 42.30%, 32.55%, 9.20%, 6.73% and 5.72%, respectively. Finally, our results were indicated that treatment of okra plants at 75 ppm of GA3 enhanced the quality and oil content of seeds compared to the other concentrations.

Effect of Heating by Microwave Oven on Weeds Seed Germination in Imported Shipments

LABORATORY and wirehouse experiments were conducted in Weed Research CentralLaboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt to investigate the possibility of using microwave energy to prevent the germination of weed seeds and find applicable treatments which can completely devitalize quarantine weed seeds. The present work evaluated the effect of microwave on germination of six weed species: wild oats, darnel, white bursage, Giant ragweed, field bindweed and dodder and improvement of some traits of two imported crops soybean and wheat (oil percentage of soybean seeds and protein content of wheat grains), which were contaminated by these weed species. Results showed that microwave power and time required for preventing germination varied considerably among the species studied. Microwave power 80% for 15min prevented completely germination percentage of wild oats and darnel and reduced germination percentage of field bindweed to 10%. The microwave power 50%, 15min was enough to prevent seeds germination completely and weaken dooder quarantine. In regard to Giant ragweed and white bursage, under all microwave power treatments, there were no germination of these weeds. Microwave powers 50% for 10min and 80% for 15min had no effect on the oil percentage extracted from soybean seeds and protein content of wheat grains, respectively. The present results suggest clearly that the exposure to microwave can weaken quarantine weed seeds in imported soybean and wheat without injury of oil percentage of soybean seeds and protein content of wheat grains.

The Effect of the Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction Method towards Momordica charantia Seed Oil and Its Lignocellulosic Biomass

The development of a sustainable product using natural resources will gain much attention nowadays. This work aimed to study the effect of aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) using a different ratio of enzyme cocktails HEL1 and X7 towards the production of Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia) seed oil and to identify the composition of the seeds’ lignocellulosic biomass (extracted-free materials, EFM). The M. charantia seed oil contained omega-3 fatty acids, such as stearidonic acid, that possess hypotriglyceridemic properties. The oil obtained was derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) before biochemical quantification using gas chromatography (GC). The EFM was subjected to Soxhlet extraction and further analyzed to identify lignin, acid-soluble sugars, and hemicellulose composition. The results showed that the highest seed oil percentage, (6.26±0.53 %) was extracted from M2 sample using a combination of 5 % HEL1 to 1.25 % X7 enzyme cocktails, as compared to the extraction without enzyme (3.32±0.38 %). The percentage of stearidonic acid in the seed oil increased from 13.55 % (without enzyme) to 19.43 % (M2), proving that there were some change in terms of fatty acid composition in the seed oil.

Salinity stress mitigation of some canola cultivars grown under South Sinai conditions using magnetic water technology

Salinity stresses either in irrigation water and/or soil is one of the most serious agricultural problems facing farmers in arid and semi-arid regions included Egypt. Many are as in the Sinai region depend mainly on the underground water of various degrees of salinity that prevent cultivated crops from reach to the full yield.Under these conditions,a split-plot field experiment using three canola cultivars; Pactol, Serw-4 and Serw-6under three irrigation water treatments:i) Brackish-water (BW), ii) Magnetic-BW1; brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static-magnetic unit,3.75 mT,produced by Delta Water Company, Egypt and iii) Magnetic-BW2;brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static magnetic unit, 0.75 mT,produced by Magnetic-Technologies Company, UAE,was carried out at Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Centre, Ras Sidr region, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt during the 2017/18 winter season. The results showed that irrigation with M-BW1or M-BW2surpassed irrigation with BW in all tested growth parameters (plant height, branches and leaf number/plant, leaf area, dry matter of leaves, stem and total plant,and total chlorophyll); leaf anatomy(instance, mid vein and lamina thickness, length and width of leaf vascular bundle and lower and upper epidermis thickness); stem anatomy(stem diameter and thickness of cortex, xylem and phloem in addition pith diameter)and chemical analysis for mineral content (N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn ) at 85 days after sowing (DAS). As an average of both magnetically brackish-water treatments over tested three canola varieties, the percent of improvement compared to irrigation with brackish-water ranged between 10.78-16.02% for growth parameters, 28.33-31.76% for dry matter of plant; 15.58 -80.81% for leaf;10.71-63.88% for stems and2.42-54.48% for mineral content of leaves at 85 DAS.Reverse trends were observed in the best indicators for alleviation salinity stress (Na, and proline),where these decrease dunder both magnetic brackish water treatments by 66.08 and 43.75%, respectively (average of both magnetically brackish-water treatments compared to BW water treatment). Generally, the three tested canola varieties showed a positive response under magnetic brackish water treatments. The positive results in above-mentioned parameters of vegetative growth reflected improvement in canola yield and its components. The percent of improvement ranged between 9.35and35.98 for yield components and reached1.29,19.66 and21.30% in seed oil percentage, seeds and oil yield (kg fed-1;fed=4200m2), respectively compared to brackish water.

Effect of Sowing Date and Preceding Crop, on Growth and Productivity of the Sunflower Hybrid Sirena, Under Varying Nitrogen Fertilization Levels

SUNFLOWER is an important oil crop that has received great attention by the Egyptian agricultural sector in the early nineties, when a boom in oil extraction from the crop was observed. Since then and for more than two decades now, sunflower for oil purpose was neglected, hybrids are no longer on the market and confectionery sunflower became more profitable for Egyptian farmers. Recently, the registration of the single hybrid Sirena and its promotion based on contract basis with farmers, may present a new comeback to oil sunflower in Egypt. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of sowing date (April vs. August) and preceding crop (maize vs. sunflower) in a double cropping system, under varying nitrogen fertilization levels (36, 72, 108 and 144kg N/ha), on growth and productivity of the newly introduced sunflower hybrid Sirena. Results from the two-year experiments, indicated that April sowing, at a prevailing average temperature of 20-24oC later rising to about 28oC at harvest time, was suitable to secure maximum seed yield of 4.39ton/ha. In a double cropping system, where sowing was performed in August, the hybrid yielded an average of 3.4 ton/ha, whether preceded by maize or sunflower. Seed oil percentage amounted to an average of 42.8% and was affected by the year, rather than sowing date or preceding crop. Effects of the nitrogen fertilization rates were masked by the soil available nitrogen, however, based on the regression analysis and equations for estimating the nitrogen requirements based on the hybrid seed yield, 72-108kg N/ha were necessary to achieve the maximum seed yield while sustaining an oil percentage above the 42%.

Study of water deficit conditions and beneficial microbes on the oil quality and agronomic traits of canola (<em>Brassica napus</em> L.)

Water deficit stress is one of the major limiting factors that adversely affect plant growth and yield production. Some rhizosphere bacteria are known to promote plant growth in such stressful conditions. To study the response of quantifying canola growth, yield and yield components, to root colonization by two spe­cies of mycorrhizal fungi, a two-year field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Zanjan University. The main plot conditions were irrigation at 85% (S1), 70% (S2) and 55% (S3) of field capacity which were defined as no stress, mild and severe stress. The subplot treatments included three levels of mycorrhizal inoculation: non inoculation (control), G. Mosseae and G. Intraradices. The results showed that regardless of water deficit stress, colonized plants produced more biomass, seed and oil yield than non inoculated plants. Water deficit stress reduced the RWC and oil percentage of the seeds, although mycorrhizal improved these traits. Water deficit strikingly decreased the linoleic acid content in the seeds in contrast with increased stearic, oleic, arachidic and linolenic acids in the canola seeds. The presence of bacteria increased the seed oil percentage, oleic and linoleic contents. However, it decreased arachidic, particularly when the plants were subjected to water deficit stress.

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed oil: Application as cosmetic product ingredients

The effectiveness and efficiency of a cosmetic product depends not only on the active ingredients, but also on the stability of formulation devoted in improving the bio-functionality. Thus, improving the stability of topical applications with vitamin E is important. The study aimed to optimise kenaf seed oil percentage on gel-cream formulations supplemented with palm-based α-tocopherol and determine their physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and α-tocopherol content. The samples were produced by high shear homogenisation and subjected to optimisation to obtain the best formulation with good physical stability and antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activities were determined by radical scavenging assays and α-tocopherol content was quantified by ultra-high performance chromatography. Vitamin E gel-cream formulated from 9% kenaf seed oil (S3) was selected based on its stability in viscosity and antioxidant activities. S3, with pH 6.02 showed viscosity value at 6106.3 cP was physically stable. Also, the α-tocopherol obtained for S3 was 9.34 mg/g sample that indicated 3.63 mg TE/g sample and 10.42 mg TE/g sample for diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzot-hiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activities, respectively. For 12 weeks storage stability study at 25 ± 2 °C and 40 ± 2 °C, S3 showed good microbial stability but with mild depletion of tocopherol content. Overall, the results herein gathered are very promising towards the development of new cosmetic formulations using kenaf seed oil and palm-based α-tocopherol.

RESPONSE SOME QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) VARIETY TO ZINC SPRAYING

A field experiment was carried out in the Spring and Autumn seasons of 2018 in Al-Subaihat village (latitude 33° 21- N and longitude 43° 46- E) Fallujah city - Al-Anbar governorate in silty-loam soil. To study the effect of two factors which were foliar zinc application different concentration of zinc 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg Zn h1 in the form of aqueous zinc sulfate ZnSO4.7H2O (46% Zn) on the Qualitative Characteristics of three varieties of sunflower (Tarsan8018, Esahaqi 1 and Aqmar). The layout of experiment RCBD ,arrangemental in Factorial experimental units distributed (36 experimental units) with three replicates. The results showed significant different between cultivars in most of the studied traits. Aqmar gave the highest oil content of 54.14 and 51.40% for the both spring and autumn respectively. For the autumn season, Tarsan1018 cv. recorded highest mean percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds about 91.73% for spring season, While Isahaqi 1 exceeded the highest mean of 90.91% for autumn season. Isahaki 1 plants recorded the highest average carbohydrate percentage of 14.70 and 14.97% Zinc spraying resulted in a significant increase in the seed oil percentage. The concentration of 1.5 kg Zn h-1 achieved the highest mean ( 51.56% ) in spring season , while concentration of 1.0 kg Zn E-1 achieved the highest mean capacity in the autumn season (48.79%) Concentration 0.5 kg Zn h-1 are highest percentage of unsaturated fatty acids was 91.01%. In the autumn season, while the concentration of 1.0 kg Zn h-1 achieved the highest average percentage of unsaturated acids in seeds was 90.56%, also the concentration of 1.0 kg Zn h-1 gave the highest percentage of oleic acid in oil was 68.48% and 27.92% for the two season respectively.

Effect of foliar application of boron trioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on leaves chemical composition, yield and fruit quality of Olea europaea L. cv. Picual

Background and objectiveOlive tree is one of the most important and a widely distributed tree grown in many arid and semi-arid areas of the world. The production of olive in these areas is generally low due to the poor soil fertility. Zinc is one of the essential micronutrients for plants, and its deficiency is common in many crops. Boron deficiency is also a common micronutrient problem in agriculture, which results in reducing of yield production and quality. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most innovative scientific field in agriculture. So the objective of this work is determine the appropriate concentration of nano-zinc and nano-boron to reach the best olive fruits yield and improve its chemical and morphological traits.Materials and methodsThe present investigation has been made during two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018 in a private orchard located at Ismailia governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of foliar application of boron nanoparticles at a rate of 10 and 20 ppm and zinc nanoparticles at a rate of 100 and 200 ppm on leaf chemical composition, yield, and fruit quality of Picual olive tree.ResultsThe application of boron and zinc nanoparticles in different concentration was able to effect on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Picual cultivar in the first and second seasons, respectively, compared with the control treatment leaves mineral content and pigments, fruit set percent, fruit drop percent, fruits yield, fruit physical, and chemical characteristics. Moreover, spraying Picual cultivar with nano-boron at 20 ppm + nano-zinc at 200 ppm (T8) is the best treatment in this study to obtain the maximum final fruit set which led to harvest the maximum fruits yield with the high seed oil percentage and low acidity in the first and second seasons, respectively.ConclusionIt could recommend that spraying Picual olive trees with nano-boron at 20 ppm + nano-zinc at 200 ppm is the best treatment in this study to obtain the maximum final fruit set which led to harvest the maximum fruits yield with the high seed oil percentage and low acidity.

Evaluation of interaction between Piriformospora indica, animal manure and NPK fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield and absorption of elements in sunflower.

Microbial endophytes are considered as one of the most important soil microorganisms which increase their yield per unit area by generating genetic, physiological, and ecological changes in their host plants. We conducted an experiment as factorial in a completely randomized manner with three replications at the Ghasre Shirin greenhouse of Kermanshah province in order to evaluate the interaction of Piriformospora indica (inoculation–noninoculation) with manure (25% of the flowerpot volume—without using manure as a control) and NPK chemical fertilizer (10 g per flowerpot—without the use of fertilizer as a control), the quantitative and qualitative yield and absorption of elements in sunflower. The results showed that the interaction of P. indica, manure, and chemical fertilizer on the colonization percentage, seed oil percentage, nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration, and the 1000‐seed weight was significant at 1% probability level, and on yield index, growth, plant height, and concentration of potassium element it was at 5% probability level. Bilateral effects of P. indica with chemical fertilizer and the manure treated with chemical fertilizer on the budding time were significant at the probability level of 1% and 5%, respectively. It seems that the coexistence between sunflower root and P. indica increases the growth of the root system of the plant; thereby it increases the height of plant because of the absorption of essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by the root, and increases the quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower.

Selections of donors depending on agronomic traits, seed yield components, and fatty acid profile for genetic improvement of Carthamus using stepwise multiple regression

Safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) is of potential interest to agriculture due to mainly variability of fatty acid composition of seeds oil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various exotic genotypes of safflower for agronomic traits, components of seed yield and fatty acid content. For this purpose, plant height (cm), number of first, second and third branches/plant, seed yield/plant (g), thousand-seed weight (g), oil content (%), and composition of fatty acid were investigated. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to develop fitted equation to predicate seed yield/plant. Analysis of variance of agronomic traits showed high differences among genotypes. Although the safflower oil genotype K2 had the highest oil seed content (42.8%), K13 obtained the highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Highest oleic type of safflower oil has been found in K13 and K26, which can be used as a source oil quality for plant breeding. Heritability as broad sense was high and ranged from 82% in number of secondary branches (NSB) and number of third branches (NTHB) to 99% in seed index (1000 seeds weight) and oil content. High genetic advance was found in plant height (PH), seed yield/plant (SYP) and 1000-seed weight, estimated at 43.41 cm, 21.34 g and 17.62 g, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that, 99.2% of the total variation in seed yield/plant could be explained by variation in yield of secondary (YSB) branches, yield of first branches (YFB), yield of third branches (YTHB), plant height (PH) and spiny as dummy variable. 23.56% of the total variation in seed oil percent could be explained by variation in yield of first branches (YFB), seed index and spiny as dummy variable. The information detected here may be a useful tool for the selection of parents in safflower breeding program.

Impact of Ascorbic Acid Foliar Spray and Seed Treatment with Cyanobacteria on Growth and Yield Component of Sunflower Plants under Saline Soil Conditions

A field experiments were conducted during the two summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 in saline soil (ECe = 9.0 dSm-1), at Fayoum province, Egypt to study the effect of ascorbic (AsA), as foliar application alone or combined with cyanobacteria (CB) on growth, yield, its components and nutritional status of sunflower plants variety Sakha 54. Treatments comprised 2 ascorbic acid (AsA) levels with or without seed inoculation with cyanobacteria (CB). They were 1 mM AsA, 2 mM AsA, 1 mM AsA + CB and 2 mM AsA + CB in addition to the control treatment in which seeds were not received CB and their plants were sprayed with distilled water. Results could be summarized as follows: increasing the addition of ascorbic acid concentration up to 1Mm with combination of CB increased significantly values of growth attributes (e.i., plant height, of leaves no. /plant, shoot dry weight and leaf area), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids), physiological responses (total soluble sugars, proline and soluble phenols) as well as the head diameter, seed yield/ plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield (t ha-1). Also, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and oil percentage of sunflower seeds with compared to control treatment in both years. Generally, the results in most cases, demonstrate that the all parameters increased significantly by using the concentration of ascorbic acid 1Mm combined with CB in both seasons

Impact of Ascorbic Acid Foliar Spray and Seed Treatment with Cyanobacteria on Growth and Yield Component of Sunflower Plants under Saline Soil Conditions

A field experiments were conducted during the two summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 in saline soil (ECe = 9.0 dSm-1), at Fayoum province, Egypt to study the effect of ascorbic (AsA), as foliar application alone or combined with cyanobacteria (CB) on growth, yield, its components and nutritional status of sunflower plants variety Sakha 54. Treatments comprised 2 ascorbic acid (AsA) levels with or without seed inoculation with cyanobacteria (CB). They were 1 mM AsA, 2 mM AsA, 1 mM AsA + CB and 2 mM AsA + CB in addition to the control treatment in which seeds were not received CB and their plants were sprayed with distilled water. Results could be summarized as follows: increasing the addition of ascorbic acid concentration up to 1Mm with combination of CB increased significantly values of growth attributes (e.i., plant height, of leaves no. /plant, shoot dry weight and leaf area), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids), physiological responses (total soluble sugars, proline and soluble phenols) as well as the head diameter, seed yield/ plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield (t ha-1). Also, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and oil percentage of sunflower seeds with compared to control treatment in both years. Generally, the results in most cases, demonstrate that the all parameters increased significantly by using the concentration of ascorbic acid 1Mm combined with CB in both seasons