Sedentary Behaviour In People Research Articles

Correlates of sedentary behavior in middle-aged and old age people with mild cognitive impairment: a multinational study

This was a cross-sectional study. Data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. Individuals aged ≥50 years with MCI were included. SB was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Associations between SB levels and the correlates were examined using multivariable linear and logistic regressions. 4,082 individuals aged ≥50 years with MCI (64.4 ± 17.0 years; 55.1% female) were included. The prevalence of high SB (i.e., ≥8 hours/day) was 14.0% (95%CI = 12.2%-16.0%), while the time spent sedentary was 262 ± 290 minutes/day. Correlates significantly associated with being sedentary ≥8 hours/day and time spent sedentary per day were, older age, being unemployed, depression, sleep problems, obesity (vs. normal weight), diabetes, stroke, poor self-rated health, and lower levels of social cohesion. Future research exploring interventions to reduce SB in people with MCI should target the identified sociodemographic and mental and physical health correlates, while the promotion of social cohesion may have the potential to increase the efficacy of future public health initiatives.

Familial factors predicting recovery and maintenance of physical activity in people with low back pain: Insights from a population-based twin study.

It is unknown how familial factors influence the recovery from low back pain (LBP) and the maintenance activity behaviours. We aimed to investigate whether individual and within-family physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour influenced recovery from LBP, and maintenance of PA and sedentary behaviour in people with and without LBP. Longitudinal logistic regression analyses were performed on adult twins from the Washington State Twin Registry. First, individual and within-family (based on co-twin data) sufficient PA (at least 75min of vigorous-intensity PA, or 150min of moderate-intensity PA per week) and high leisure sitting time (≥3hr/day) were our exposure variables (baseline). LBP within the past 3months at follow-up defined non-recovery (outcome). Second, within-family sufficient PA and high leisure sitting time were our exposure variables(baseline) and our outcomes were individual PA and sitting time at follow-up. All analyses were adjusted for follow-up length (range: 1-7years) and confounding variables. Individual and within-family PA and sitting time were not associated with recovery. Within-family PA and sitting time predicted individual maintenance of PA (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.17-1.84, n=1,388 twins) and sitting time (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.10-1.82, n=1,534). Within-family PA and sitting time had the strongest effects on those without (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.33-2.41, n=788) and with LBP (OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.32-2.76, n=698), respectively. Having active family members increased the likelihood of continuing to be active (particularly for those without LBP), while having sedentary family members increased the likelihood of maintaining sedentary behaviours (particularly for those with LBP). This study was the first to investigate how familial activity behaviours influence recovery from LBP and ongoing activity behaviours. People with LBP living within a sedentary family likely require specific interventions to reduce their sedentary behaviours.

Sedentary behavior after stroke: A new target for therapeutic intervention.

Over the last 10 years, evidence has emerged that too much sedentary time (e.g. time spent sitting down) has adverse effects on health, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. A considerable amount of media attention has been given to the topic. The current UK activity guidelines recommend that all adults should minimize the amount of time spent being sedentary for extended periods. How best to minimize sedentary behavior is a focus of ongoing research. Understanding the impact of sedentary behaviors on the health of people with stroke is vital as they are some of the most sedentary individuals in society. Implementing strategies to encourage regular, short breaks in sedentary behaviors has potential to improve health outcomes after stroke. Intervention work already conducted with adults and older adults suggests that sedentary behaviors can be changed. A research priority is to explore the determinants of sedentary behavior in people with stroke and to develop tailored interventions.

Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in people with stroke

Background Stroke survivors are often physically inactive as well as sedentary,and may sit for long periods of time each day. This increases cardiometabolic risk and has impacts on physical and other functions. Interventions to reduce or interrupt periods of sedentary time, as well as to increase physical activity after stroke, could reduce the risk of secondary cardiovascular events and mortality during life after stroke. Objectives To determine whether interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviour after stroke, or interventions with the potential to do so, can reduce the risk of death or secondary vascular events, modify cardiovascular risk, and reduce sedentary behaviour. Search methods In December 2019, we searched the Cochrane Stroke Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, and PEDro. We also searched registers of ongoing trials, screened reference lists, and contacted experts in the field. Selection criteria Randomised trials comparing interventions to reduce sedentary time with usual care, no intervention, or waiting-list control, attention control, sham intervention or adjunct intervention. We also included interventions intended to fragment or interrupt periods of sedentary behaviour. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently selected studies and performed 'Risk of bias' assessments. We analyzed data using random-effects meta-analyses and assessed the certainty of the evidence with the GRADE approach. Main results We included 10 studies with 753 people with stroke. Five studies used physical activity interventions, four studies used a multicomponent lifestyle intervention, and one study used an intervention to reduce and interrupt sedentary behaviour. In all studies, the risk of bias was high or unclear in two or more domains. Nine studies had high risk of bias in at least one domain. The interventions did not increase or reduce deaths (risk difference (RD) 0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.02 to 0.03; 10 studies, 753 participants; low-certainty evidence), the incidence of recurrent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (RD -0.01, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.01; 10 studies, 753 participants; low-certainty evidence), the incidence of falls (and injuries) (RD 0.00, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.02; 10 studies, 753 participants; low-certainty evidence), or incidence of other adverse events (moderate-certainty evidence). Interventions did not increase or reduce the amount of sedentary behaviour time (mean difference (MD) +0.13 hours/day, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.68; 7 studies, 300 participants; very low-certainty evidence). There were too few data to examine effects on patterns of sedentary behaviour. The effect of interventions on cardiometabolic risk factors allowed very limited meta-analysis. Authors' conclusions Sedentary behaviour research in stroke seems important, yet the evidence is currently incomplete, and we found no evidence for beneficial effects. Current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend reducing the amount of sedentary time in people with disabilities, in general. The evidence is currently not strong enough to guide practice on how best to reduce sedentariness specifically in people with stroke. More high-quality randomised trials are needed, particularly involving participants with mobility limitations. Trials should include longer-term interventions specifically targeted at reducing time spent sedentary, risk factor outcomes, objective measures of sedentary behaviour (and physical activity), and long-term follow-up.

D26 - Measuring activity and sedentary behaviour in people with muscle ion channelopathy and myotonic dystrophy type 1, and assessing the use of individual goal setting to support increasing habitual physical activity

D26 - Measuring activity and sedentary behaviour in people with muscle ion channelopathy and myotonic dystrophy type 1, and assessing the use of individual goal setting to support increasing habitual physical activity

Methods for combining continuously measured glucose and activity data in people with Type 2 diabetes: Challenges and solutions.

AimsTo present the novel application of combining continuously measured glucose with continuous accelerometer measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour data and discusses the principles used and challenges faced in combining and analysing these two sets of data in the context of diabetes management.MethodsThe background and rationale for exploring glucose, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people with Type 2 diabetes is presented, the paper outlines the technologies used, the individual data extraction and finally the combined data analysis. A case study approach is used to illustrate the application of the combined data processing and analysis.ResultsThe data analytic principles used could be transferred to different conditions where continuous data sets are being combined to help individuals or health professionals better manage and care for people with long term conditions.ConclusionsFuture work should focus on generating validated techniques to visualise combined data sets and explore ways to present data back to the individual in an effective way to support health care management and rehabilitation.

A behaviour change intervention to reduce sedentary time in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Replacing sedentary behaviour with light intensity physical activity (ie, activities classified as less than three metabolic equivalents, such as slow-paced walking) may be a more realistic strategy for reducing cardiometabolic risk in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than only aiming to increase levels of moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity. Behaviour change interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have not yet been developed or tested. Is a 6-week behaviour change intervention effective and feasible in reducing sedentary time in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? This study will be a multi-centre, randomised, controlled trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis, comparing a 6-week behaviour change intervention aimed at reducing sedentary time with a sham intervention in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Seventy participants will be recruited from the waiting lists for pulmonary rehabilitation programs at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia. The behaviour change intervention aims to reduce sedentary time through a process of guided goal setting with participants to achieve two target behaviours: (1) replace sitting and lying down with light-intensity physical activity where possible, and (2) stand up and move for 2minutes after 30minutes of continuous sedentary time. Three face-to-face sessions and three phone sessions will be held with a physiotherapist over the 6-week intervention period. The 'capability', 'opportunity', 'motivation' and 'behaviour' (COM-B) model will be applied to each participant to determine which components of behaviour (capability, opportunity or motivation) need to change in order to reduce sedentary time. Based on this 'behavioural diagnosis', the Behaviour Change Wheel will be used to systematically select appropriate behaviour change techniques to assist participants in achieving their weekly goals. Behaviour change techniques will include providing information about the health consequences of sedentary behaviour, self-monitoring and review of weekly goals, problem-solving of barriers to achieving weekly goals, and providing feedback on sedentary time using the Jawbone UP3 activity monitor. The sham intervention will consist of weekly phone calls for 6 weeks, to enquire whether the participants' health status has changed over the intervention period (eg, hospitalised for an acute exacerbation). No instructions regarding physical activity or exercise will be given. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, at the end of the 6-week intervention period, and at the 3-month follow-up. Primary outcome measures will be: (1) total sedentary time, including the pattern of accumulation of sedentary time, assessed by the activPAL3 activity monitor, and (2) feasibility of the intervention assessed by uptake and retention of participants, participant compliance, self-reported achievement of weekly goals, and adverse events. Secondary outcome measures will include functional exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, domain-specific and behaviour-specific sedentary time, patient activation, and anxiety and depression. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with participants who receive the behaviour change intervention to explore acceptability and satisfaction with the different components of the intervention. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) will be used to calculate between-group comparisons of total sedentary time and the number of bouts of sedentary time>30minutes after adjusting baseline values. Uncertainty about the size of the mean between-group differences will be quantified with 95% CI. Within-group comparisons will be examined using paired t-tests and described as mean differences with 95% CIs. Secondary outcome measures will be analysed similarly. The feasibility measures will be analysed descriptively. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted until data saturation is achieved and there are no new emerging themes. De-identified interview transcripts will be coded independently by two researchers and analysed alongside data collection using the COM-B model as a thematic framework. If behaviour change interventions are found to be an effective and feasible method for reducing sedentary time, such interventions may be used to reduce cardiometabolic risk in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An approach that emphasises participation in light-intensity physical activity may increase the confidence and willingness of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to engage in more intense physical activity, and may serve as an intermediate goal to increase uptake of pulmonary rehabilitation.

Sedentary Behaviour in People with Total Knee Arthroplasty and Those Awaiting Surgery

High levels of sedentary behaviour are associated with functional decline, elevated blood pressure, weight gain, and increased risk for metabolic conditions in people with osteoarthritis independent of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. While physical activity levels do not change substantially after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the effects on sedentary behaviour have not been investigated. PURPOSE: To compare sedentary behaviour patterns in people with osteoarthritis awaiting TKA and individuals recovered from TKA. METHODS: Sedentary behaviour was measured with the 7-day Sedentary and Light Intensity Physical Activity Log (SLIPA), the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (LASA - SB), and 7 day accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+, < 100 activity counts/min) in 32 participants awaiting TKA and in 38 individuals one year after TKA (69.9 ± 5.3 SD and 67.9 ± 7.3 yrs of age respectively). T-tests and Mann-Whitney Rank Sum tests were used to detect differences between groups. A one-way RM ANOVA was used to detect differences between measures of sedentary time. RESULTS: There were no differences between pre- and post-operative groups for GT3X+ wear time (13.9 ± 1.1 hours/day vs. 14.4 ± 1.1 respectively, p=0.09), total sedentary time (9.3 ± 1.4 hours/day vs. 9.2 ± 1.4, p=0.62), and number of sedentary bouts/day ≥ 30 min in duration (median 3.4 [1.9 IQR] vs. 3.1 [2.0], p=0.37). In addition, SLIPA and LASA-SB scores did not differ between groups (p=0.17 and p=0.14 respectively). Measures of sedentary time (combined groups) were all statistically different from one another: GT3X+ 9.2 ± 1.4 hours/day, SLIPA 6.7 ± 2.5 hours/day, LASA-SB 10.3 ± 3.7 hours/day (all comparisons p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported and objective measures of sedentary behaviour do not differ between people on the wait-list for TKA and one-year recovered from TKA. This suggests that after TKA there is still an increased risk for physical disability and cardiovascular health conditions related to high levels of sedentary behaviour. In addition to promoting increased physical activity after TKA, individuals would benefit from education regarding strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour.

'Walk This Way' - a pilot of a health coaching intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase low intensity exercise in people with serious mental illness: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BackgroundPeople with serious mental illness (SMI) (psychosis, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder) experience a considerable risk of premature mortality because of cardiovascular disease. Recent research has demonstrated that this population spends almost 13 h per day being sedentary. Sedentary behaviour is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Given the potential for physical activity to improve health and well-being in people with SMI, we developed a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate a coaching intervention aimed at reducing sedentary behaviour and increasing physical activity in people with SMI. Our primary aim was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. Secondary aims were to see if the Walk This Way (WTW) intervention decreased sedentary behaviour and increased activity levels.Methods/designPeople with SMI who met any of the following criteria were recruited by two community mental health teams in South London: (1) overweight, (2) at risk for or have diabetes, (3) smoke tobacco or (4) have a sedentary lifestyle. Care co-coordinators (clinical case managers) identified potentially eligible participants within their caseload, and these individuals were subsequently invited to participate. All participants’ physical activity (self-reported and accelerometer-recorded), health status (including metabolic blood tests) and motivation to exercise were assessed at baseline. Participants were randomised to receive treatment as usual or the WTW intervention. WTW consisted of an educational intervention at baseline on the benefits of an active lifestyle. Participants were then given a pedometer and received fortnightly coaching from a staff member trained in coaching skills to help them to set daily walking targets, and they were invited to a weekly walking group. The WTW intervention lasted 17 weeks in total.DiscussionTo our knowledge, WTW is the first RCT to investigate the impact of a health coaching intervention targeting sedentary behaviour in people with SMI. It is hoped that if the intervention is feasible and acceptable, further large scale study can be developed and implemented in routine care.Trial registration ISRCTN37724980. Registered on 4 Aug 2015.

Sitting time, physical fitness impairments and metabolic abnormalities in people with bipolar disorder: An exploratory study

A sedentary lifestyle is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Little is known however about sedentary behavior in people with bipolar disorder (BD). The primary aim of this study was to explore associations between sitting time (as a proxy for a sedentary lifestyle) and physical fitness and metabolic parameters in BD. A secondary aim was to investigate associations between psychiatric symptoms, psychotropic medication use and sitting time. Thirty-nine (21♀) participants (43.7±12.4 years) completed a full metabolic screening, the sitting time item of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology self-report and the Hypomania Checklist-32. Additionally participants performed the Eurofit-test battery and 6-min walk test. The mean time spent sitting per day for the entire sample was 7.0±3.0h. A higher body mass index, worse physical fitness and higher antipsychotic medication dose were identified as independent predictors of higher levels of sitting behavior. The model explained 76.5% of the variability in the sitting time. Given that a sedentary lifestyle is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, future interventions specifically targeting time spend sitting are warranted in BD, with a particular emphasis on those with high body mass index and low fitness levels.

Impact of Falls on Physical Activity in People with Parkinson's Disease.

A complex relationship exists between motor impairment, physical activity (sedentary behavior, standing and ambulatory activity) and falls in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). To explore associations between recent fall history and the ability to retain an active lifestyle as determined by the volume, pattern and variability of physical activity in people with PD. Forty-eight participants with PD were recruited from the Norwegian ParkWest study. Body posture and ambulatory activity were monitored objectively over 7 days using the activPAL3 accelerometer. Clinical assessments included the Hoehn and Yahr stage, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor section and Falls Efficacy Scale-International. Structured interviews were performed to obtain information about demographics, fall history last 6 months, mobility and dementia. Participants with a fall history (n = 20) spent more time sedentary and less time standing than non-falling participants (n = 28). There were no significant differences regarding pattern or variability of sedentary behavior, standing or ambulatory activity in falling versus non-falling participants. Confidence in being able to get up from floor contributed significantly to time spent in sedentary behavior and ambulatory activity in participants with fall history, whereas motor impairment was significantly associated with time spent in all facets of physical activity for non-falling participants. Fall history in our PD cohort was associated with a more sedentary lifestyle, but not less ambulatory activity. More emphasis on improving the capacity to safely complete activities of daily living and increase confidence in getting up from floor may reduce sedentary behavior in people with PD.

What are the top 10 physical activity research questions in schizophrenia?

Purpose: Research has only recently started to consider the applicability of physical activity (PA) for people with schizophrenia. Although there is increasing evidence for the benefits of physical activity, this population remains generally physically inactive and sedentary. The aim of the current study is to highlight 10 pertinent physical activity research questions in people with schizophrenia.Method: The International Organisation of Physical Therapy in Mental Health (IOPTMH) executed a consultation of its National Organisations (n = 13) to identify the most salient questions relevant to guide clinical practise on physical activity in people with schizophrenia.Results: We identified the following 10 questions: (1) What are the benefits of physical activity for people with schizophrenia? (2) What are the mechanisms of the physical activity effects in people with schizophrenia? (3) What are the most prominent safety issues for physical activity prescription in people with schizophrenia? (4) What is the most optimal physical activity prescription for people with schizophrenia? (5) What are the key barriers for engaging people with schizophrenia in physical activity? (6) What are the most effective motivational interventions for physical activity adoption and maintenance in people with schizophrenia? (7) How do we translate physical activity research into clinical and community practise? (8) How can we ensure integration of physical therapists within the multidisciplinary mental health treatment team? (9) How can we prevent sedentary behaviour in people with schizophrenia? (10) What is the most appropriate physical activity assessment method in clinical practise?Conclusions: Addressing these questions is critical for developing evidence-based approaches for promoting and sustaining an active lifestyle in people with schizophrenia. Ultimately, achieving this will improve the quality of life of this population.Implications for RehabilitationInvestigation of behaviour change interventions for people with schizophrenia is critical.A low cost, easy to use, clinical, valid physical activity questionnaire is urgently needed.

Sedentary Behavior in People with and without a Chronic Health Condition: How Much, What and When?

PurposeTo describe sedentary behaviors (duration, bouts and context) in people with and without a chronic health condition.MethodsDesign: Secondary analysis of two cross-sectional studies. Participants: People with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 24, male:female 18:6) and their spousal carers (n = 24, 6:18); stroke survivors (n = 24, 16:8) and age- and sex-matched healthy adults (n = 19, 11:8). Level of physiological impairment was measured with post-bronchodilator spirometry (FEV1 %predicted) for people with COPD, and walking speed for people with stroke. Outcomes: Participants were monitored over seven days (triaxial accelerometer, Sensewear armband) to obtain objective data on daily sedentary time, and prolonged sedentary bouts (≥ 30 min). During the monitoring period, a 24-hour use of time recall instrument was administered by telephone interview to explore the context of sedentary activities (e.g. television, computer or reading). Sedentary time was quantified using accelerometry and recall data, and group differences were explored. Linear regression examined associations between physiological impairment and sedentary time.ResultsParticipant groups were similar in terms of age (COPD 75 ± 8, carers 70 ± 11, stroke 69 ± 10, healthy 73 ± 7 years) and body mass index (COPD 28 ± 4, carers 27 ± 4, stroke 31 ± 4, healthy 26 ± 4 kg.m−2). The healthy group had the lowest sedentary time (45% of waking hours), followed by the carer (54%), stroke (60%) and COPD (62%) groups (p < 0.0001). Level of physiological impairment was an independent predictor of waking sedentary time (p = 0.001).ConclusionsPeople with a chronic health condition spent more time sedentary than those without a chronic condition, and there were small but clear differences between groups in the types of activities undertaken during sedentary periods. The study findings may aid in the design of targeted interventions to decrease sedentary time in people with chronic health conditions.

Exercise as Medicine: Key Concepts in Discussing Physical Activity with Patients who have Type 2 Diabetes.

People with type 2 diabetes stand to benefit substantially from being physically active. Practice guidelines consistently recommend that people with diabetes obtain at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise per week. Although the message of 150 minutes per week is important, there are several other key messages regarding physical activity that may not be communicated as often or as clearly. This article gives an overview of the importance of resistance training, the dose-response relationship between physical activity and health outcomes, and the emerging evidence concerning the role of sedentary behavior in people with type 2 diabetes. This article provides valuable content for healthcare providers that will help to inform their discussions about physical activity with patients who have type 2 diabetes.

Changing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people with COPD.

People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) engage in low levels of physical activity (PA). Given the evidence for the health benefits associated with participating in 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA each week, there is considerable interest in methods to increase PA in people with COPD. Studies to date have focused largely on exercise training and behavioural approaches, and many have demonstrated minimal, if any effect. An intermediate goal that focuses on reducing time spent in sedentary behaviour (SB) and increasing participation in light intensity PA is a more realistic goal in this population and offers a gateway to higher intensity PA. Although strategies that are capable of reducing time spent in SB in COPD are unknown, studies that have shown some increase in PA in this population often provide individualized goal setting, motivational interviewing and frequent contact with health-care professionals to provide advice regarding strategies to overcome barriers. Therefore, these approaches should be considered in interventions to reduce time in SB. There are a range of devices available to monitor time in SB for use in both clinical and research settings. To move this area forward, a theoretically informed and systematic approach to behaviour change is needed. The theoretical model, the 'behaviour change wheel', is described and an example is provided of how it can be applied to a person with COPD.

Physical activity profiles and sedentary behaviour in people following stroke: a cross-sectional study

Purpose: To measure and compare physical activity profiles and sedentary time between community dwelling stroke survivors and healthy volunteers. Methods: Twenty-two stroke survivors (10 men, age 55.3 ± 9.9 years; 4.2 ± 4.0 years since their stroke) were recruited from local stroke support groups, and 22 controls were matched for sex, age and body mass index (BMI). All participants wore an ActivPAL™ physical activity monitor for seven days and from these data activity profiles, including the number of steps per day, time spent sedentary and time in different cadence bands, were recorded. Results: Stroke survivors took significantly fewer steps per day than the controls (4035 ± 2830 steps/day versus 8394 ± 2941 steps/day, p < 0.001) and sedentary time (including sleep time) was significantly higher for stroke participants compared to the controls (20.4 ± 2.7 h versus 17.5 ± 3.8 h, p < 0.001). People with stroke spent a significantly higher proportion of their walking time in lower self-selected cadences compared to the controls. Conclusions: Community dwelling stroke survivors spent more time sedentary, took fewer steps and walked at a slower self-selected cadence. Interventions to increase walking and reduce sedentary time following stroke are required which may have the added benefit of reducing cardiovascular risk in this group.Implications for RehabilitationStroke survivors are predisposed to reduced physical activity and increased cardiovascular risk.This study showed that community dwelling stroke survivors spent more time sedentary, took fewer steps and walked at a slower self-selected cadence.Interventions are required which focus on reducing sedentary time as well as increasing step counts in people following stroke.

The pattern of habitual sedentary behavior is different in advanced Parkinson's disease

Physical behavior changes in Parkinson's disease (PD), however, objective evidence of this is lacking. This study explored methods to objectively quantify sedentary behavior (SB) in advanced PD with the aim of identifying changes that could impact on the burden of disease. We compared the SB of 17 PD (UPDRS III 29.1 ± 5.5; disease duration 12.5 ± 6.4; H&Y (3 & 4) and 17 aged and gender matched healthy subjects. SB was measured objectively over a 7 day period using the activPAL accelerometer. SB was defined as sitting or lying and described in terms of the volume and pattern of SB. Comparison between PD and controls showed that whilst there was no difference in the volume of sedentary time (P = 0.15), there was a significant difference in distribution (P < 0.01) and pattern of accumulation of sedentary time (P < 0.01). Bouts of SB in people with PD tend to last longer than that of controls, whilst the total time spent inactive is the same for the two groups. These results suggest that PD leads to a change in the pattern of SB but not the volume. This may be interpreted as a strategy to conserve energy to maximize function. Studying the pattern of SB appears promising and has the potential to help us to understand the impact of PD and the consequences of changes in SB on the burden of disease.