Secure Transfer Research Articles

Software engineering based secured E-payment system

Nowadays, the E-payment systems have been considered to be the safe way of money transfer in most of modern institutes and companies. Moreover, the security is important side of these systems to ensure that the money transfer is done safely. Software engineering techniques are used for guaranteeing the applying of security and privacy of such systems. In this paper, a secure E-payment system is proposed based on software engineering model and neural network technology. This system uses different proposed algorithms for applying authentication to the devices of users as mobile application. They are used to control the key management in the system. It uses the neural network back-propagation method for ensuring the security of generated keys that have sufficient random levels. The proposed system is tested over numerous cases and the obtained results show an efficient performance in terms of security and money transfer. Moreover, the generated keys are tested according to NIST standards.

Tokenization of Assets: Security Tokens in Liechtenstein and Switzerland

Technological innovations invariably lead to legal questions being raised; the sphere of digitalization of physical documents and securities by use of blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies does not constitute an exception. While solutions for many questions can be found within the existing legal framework, some developments call for legislative measures. This paper examines the hurdles in connection with the issuance and transfer of securities by virtue of a mere digital transaction and the approaches of the Liechtenstein and Swiss legislator to overcome them. Both have recognized that entries in distributed ledgers may fulfill the same main functions as the possession of a physical document. While the focus of the selective legal adaptations in Switzerland is on the use of DLT and securities law, the Liechtenstein legislator strives towards a holistic legal and regulatory framework for the entire token economy by introduction of a new set of rules.

Optimized Gaming based Multipath Routing Protocol with QoS Support for High-Speed MANET

Mobile ad hoc (MANET) network is a multitude of adaptable nodes communicating without a set physical structure. MANET nodes usually have processing, partial power and memory capabilities as well as great degrees of mobility. Because of the low contact rate, several wireless network nodes are normally required for a server to share data with any other network node. Therefore, routing is a key challenge for the building of a MANET. In this article, we explicitly address multipath routing difficulties in MANETs. In addition, MANETs can also be built into upcoming technologies, such as IoT and machine-learning to fulfil Industry 4.0 vision. All delicate real-time requests based on MANET need secure and dependable data transfer to deliver the quality of service required (QoS). A safe and energy efficient transfer of data is an extremely difficult task in MANET. To achieve this difficult goal, a safe multi-way routing protocol must be designed to improve the QoS of the MANET. We have proposed in this article the optimized multi-way gaming-driven protocol to improve the overall performance of MANET. It addresses several elements such as congestion control, the loss of packets, malicious detection of nodes, and safe data transfer to strengthen the MANET QoS as the key strength of the projected protocol. Simulation in the NS2 evaluates the performance of the suggested protocol.

Energy-Effective and Secure Data Transfer Scheme for Mobile Nodes in Smart City Applications

Energy-Effective and Secure Data Transfer Scheme for Mobile Nodes in Smart City Applications

MediTrans—Patient‐centric interoperability through blockchain

SummaryIn order to ensure best health care experience for the user, the user should be able to access or grant access to his medical information as the requirement arises. Currently, when the data are residing in hospital proprietary Electronic Health Record (EHR), this is not possible. Hence there is a requirement for patient operated PHR where the details of the treatment of patient is with the patient. This paper proposes a blockchain‐based, secure interoperable patient‐centric data access management system—MediTrans. In the proposed model, the patient owns his/her treatment related data and stores it in a secure personal health record (PHR) cloud. The tool provides technique for secure transfer of patient related data from Hospital EHR to patient PHR Cloud. Patient can give controlled access of patient's medical data to Health Care Providers for a specific period of time. MediTrans proposes secure access management of data stored in PHR cloud to authorised person via Blockchain Technology and Ciphertext policy attribute‐based encryption technique. The proposed design was evaluated by developing a prototype on Ethereum Blockchain with OpenEMR as the healthcare system. Performance analysis was carried out by varying the size of the data and the number of users. The results obtained were promising, which gives clear insights on the feasibility of the approach taken.

A Quick Guide to Somalia in 2026: Business as Usual

ABSTRACT The political and developmental challenges confronting Somalia are entrenched and unlikely to change significantly over the next five years. This is notably so for the transfer of security and policing responsibilities from international organizations to Somali authorities. Consequently, seeking to distinguish between Somalia’s current and future challenges is an artificial exercise that has more to do with the aspirations of the international community than with local realities. Change will undoubtedly occur, but while the strategic issues dominating the international agenda in 2026 will be different from those prioritized in 2021, the underlying trends and issues influencing the goals and behavior of Somalia’s powerbrokers and significant security actors will be much the same as they are today: the security marketplace will continue to reflect the primacy of clan-based calculations and internecine rivalries. In other words, it will be business as usual.

A new approach of classical Hill Cipher in public key cryptography

Secure message transformation promote the creation of various cryptography systems to enable re???ceivers to interpret the transformed information. In the present age of information technology, the secure transfer of information is the main study of most agencies. In this study, a particular symmetric cryptography system, Hill Cipher method, is enhanced with the help of encryption and decryption algorithms of the asymmetric RSA cryptography system to avoid certain problems. Previous results show that the original Hill algorithms are still insufficient because of their weakness to known plaintext attack, and a modification of the Hill Cipher cryptography system is therefore presented to increase its invulnerability. The enhancement focuses on implementing the RSA algorithms over the Hill Cipher to increase its security efficiency. The suggested method relies on the security of the RSA and Hill Cipher cryptosystems to find the private decryption keys, and thus is much more secure and powerful than both methods applied separately. Also secure and dynamic generation of the Hill Cipher matrix instead of using static matrix are proposed. This new approach is composed of a public key cryptosystem that has a shared secret key (between participants only), public key (announced to all), and two private keys (for each person). Therefore, this new modification can increase the invulnerability of the Hill Cipher against future attacks during transmission of information between agencies in this age of information technology

Security Transitions

How do foreign powers disengage from a conflict? We study this issue by examining the recent, large-scale security transition from international troops to local forces in the ongoing civil conflict in Afghanistan. We construct a new dataset that combines information on this transition process with declassified conflict outcomes and previously unreleased quarterly survey data of residents’ perceptions of local security. Our empirical design leverages the staggered roll-out of the transition, and employs a novel instrumental variables approach to estimate the impact. We find a significant, sharp, and timely decline of insurgent violence in the initial phase: the security transfer to Afghan forces. We find that this is followed by a significant surge in violence in the second phase: the actual physical withdrawal of foreign troops. We argue that this pattern is consistent with a signaling model, in which the insurgents reduce violence strategically to facilitate the foreign military withdrawal to capitalize on the reduced foreign military presence afterward. Our findings clarify the destabilizing consequences of withdrawal in one of the costliest conflicts in modern history, and yield potentially actionable insights for designing future security transitions. (JEL D74, F51, F52, O17)

A privacy-preserving framework for cross-domain recommender systems

User privacy in the recommender systems have received much attention over the years. However, much of this attention has been on privacy protection in single-domain recommender systems and not on cross-domain recommender systems. The privacy-preserving cross-domain recommender systems not only encourages collaboration of data between different domains to solve the problem of data sparsity but also ensures the users’ privacy and secure transfer of auxiliary information between domains. However, existing studies are not suitable for privacy protection in a cross-domain scenario. To this end, we propose a novel privacy-preserving framework for cross-domain recommender systems that provides a generic template for other secure cross-domain recommender systems. Employing a homomorphic encryption scheme, the framework consists of two protocols for users’ privacy in cross-domain recommender systems. We mathematically described every step involved in each protocol, proved that the two protocols are secure against a semi-honest adversary, and compared the complexity of the protocols.

A Deep Learning-Based Data Minimization Algorithm for Fast and Secure Transfer of Big Genomic Datasets

In the age of Big Genomics Data, institutions such as the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) are challenged in their efforts to share volumes of data between researchers, a process that has been plagued by unreliable transfers and slow speeds. These occur due to throughput bottlenecks of traditional transfer technologies. Two factors that affect the efficiency of data transmission are the channel bandwidth and the amount of data. Increasing the bandwidth is one way to transmit data efficiently, but might not always be possible due to resource limitations. Another way to maximize channel utilization is by decreasing the bits needed for transmission of a dataset. Traditionally, transmission of big genomic data between two geographical locations is done using general-purpose protocols, such as hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and file transfer protocol (FTP) secure. In this paper, we present a novel deep learning-based data minimization algorithm that 1) minimizes the datasets during transfer over the carrier channels; 2) protects the data from the man-in-the-middle (MITM) and other attacks by changing the binary representation (content-encoding) several times for the same dataset: we assign different codewords to the same character in different parts of the dataset. Our data minimization strategy exploits the alphabet limitation of DNA sequences and modifies the binary representation (codeword) of dataset characters using deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) to ensure a minimum of code word uses to the high frequency characters at different time slots during the transfer time. This algorithm ensures transmission of big genomic DNA datasets with minimal bits and latency and yields an efficient and expedient process. Our tested heuristic model, simulation, and real implementation results indicate that the proposed data minimization algorithm is up to 99 times faster and more secure than the currently used content-encoding scheme used in HTTP of the HTTP content-encoding scheme and 96 times faster than FTP on tested datasets. The developed protocol in C# will be available to the wider genomics community and domain scientists.

Effective malware detection scheme based on classified behavior graph in IIoT

In Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT), secure transferring, computing and processing data are critical in developing automated environments, such as smart factories, smart airports and smart healthcare systems for high quality service. Therefore, how to make full use of the massive industrial data in IIoT while preventing malware intrusion and leaking out no privacy is a leading and promising work. In this paper, we focus on the research of malware detection and propose an architecture of a classified behavior graph-based intelligent detection model for malware attacks, which can not only avoid the high cost in graph matching but also achieve high malware detection accuracy. Experiments on the malware families Delf, Obfuscated, Small and Zlob, each malware family containing 880 samples, show that the highest accuracy TPR can reach up to 99.9%.

Introduction to Blockchain: An Emerging Technology

It is only a matter of time before technology emerges to open up a whole new world of opportunities. For example, the invention of the Internet was a development like this that changed the world in almost every theory. Blockchain technology is also one of the emerging technological advances that is expected to change the way transactions are conducted, thus affecting a wide range of potential applications. Blockchain is a distributed software network that works both as a digital logger and a method that allows secure transfer of assets without a mediator. Just as the Internet is a technology that facilitates the flow of digital information, blockchain is a technology that facilitates the digital exchange of digital value. Anything from coins to land titles to votes can be token, stored, and exchanged via a blockchain network.

A Dynamic and Highly Configurable Crypto-Processor for brief communication interval

In modern computing systems data security is of paramount importance. The data transfer must be made secure because it can be significantly sensitive for any organization involved. This paper expounds a SOC architecture to facilitate end to end secure data exchange for applications involving short communication intervals. This SOC has been designed to behave as a co-processor which along with a standard general-purpose processor would serve as a cryptosystem. The SOC employs two famous algorithms – RSA and AES for cryptography. In contrast to usual single key cryptographic systems, this paper tries to elaborate an innovative methodology involving dynamic security measures that makes the system distributed rather than making it central to a specific algorithm and hence a particular key. The methodology involves generating and using an AES key for data encryption and RSA key for secure transfer of the AES key between the point of transmission and reception.

IDENTIFYING IOT DEVICES IN THE INTERNAL PERIMETER OF THE ORGANIZATION

The security problem of IoT devices has been present since their appearance due to the unsafe development of both devices and their components. As a result, there are multiple vulnerabilities in IoT devices. Now things are a little better, secure data transfer protocols have begun to be used, and more attention is being paid to the security of firmware. But still, even new devices don't get security patches or banal updates.

Safe clinical photography: best practice guidelines for risk management and mitigation.

Clinical photography is an essential component of patient care in plastic surgery. The use of unsecured smartphone cameras, digital cameras, social media, instant messaging, and commercially available cloud-based storage devices threatens patients’ data safety. This paper Identifies potential risks of clinical photography and heightens awareness of safe clinical photography. Specifically, we evaluated existing risk-mitigation strategies globally, comparing them to industry standards in similar settings, and formulated a framework for developing a risk-mitigation plan for avoiding data breaches by identifying the safest methods of picture taking, transfer to storage, retrieval, and use, both within and outside the organization. Since threats evolve constantly, the framework must evolve too. Based on a literature search of both PubMed and the web (via Google) with key phrases and child terms (for PubMed), the risks and consequences of data breaches in individual processes in clinical photography are identified. Current clinical-photography practices are described. Lastly, we evaluate current risk mitigation strategies for clinical photography by examining guidelines from professional organizations, governmental agencies, and non-healthcare industries. Combining lessons learned from the steps above into a comprehensive framework that could contribute to national/international guidelines on safe clinical photography, we provide recommendations for best practice guidelines. It is imperative that best practice guidelines for the simple, safe, and secure capture, transfer, storage, and retrieval of clinical photographs be co-developed through cooperative efforts between providers, hospital administrators, clinical informaticians, IT governance structures, and national professional organizations. This would significantly safeguard patient data security and provide the privacy that patients deserve and expect.

Clinical Quality Measure Exchange is Not Easy.

The Trial of Aggregate Data Exchange for Maintenance of Certification and Raising Quality was a randomized controlled trial which first had to test whether quality reporting could be a by-product of clinical care. We report on the initial descriptive study of the capacity for and quality of exchange of whole-panel, standardized quality measures from health systems. Family physicians were recruited from 4 health systems with mature quality measurement programs and agreed to submit standardized, physician-level quality measures for consenting physicians. Identified measure or transfer errors were captured and evaluated for root-cause problems. The health systems varied considerably by patient demographics and payer mix. From the 4 systems, 256 family physicians elected to participate. Of 19 measures negotiated for use, 5 were used by all systems. There were more than 15 types of identified errors including breaks in data delivery, changes in measures, and nonsensical measure results. Only 1 system had no identified errors. The secure transfer of standardized, physician-level quality measures from 4 health systems with mature measure processes proved difficult. There were many errors that required human intervention and manual repair, precluding full automation. This study reconfirms an important problem, namely, that despite widespread health information technology adoption and federal meaningful use policies, we remain far from goals to make clinical quality reporting a reliable by-product of care.

AucSwap: A Vickrey auction modeled decentralized cross-blockchain asset transfer protocol

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, the cross-blockchain asset transfer has been in great demand. However, most existing cross-blockchain solutions encounter low efficiency problems due to the centralized features, unfriendly development environment, and difficulty in cooperation. This paper proposes an interaction protocol for secure and efficient cross-blockchain transfer process, wherein the cross-blockchain asset transfer is modeled as an auction process. We design our protocol by leveraging the atomic swap technology and Vickrey auction scheme to achieve efficient cross-blockchain asset transfer, without sacrificing the decentralized control. To achieve the transfer efficiency, we optimize the Vickrey auction scheme to share data within the auction and delivery process synchronously. This results in a efficient user information exchange. The experimental results show that not only can our protocol achieve compatibility, but it also incurs little communication overhead in high throughput. A cross-blockchain transfer process can be accomplished in average 4 rounds of interaction. The difference between the transaction completion time and the bid waiting time is less than 1 second. Besides, our protocol guarantees the exchange rate at a reasonable range. The ratio of the cross-blockchain exchange rate to the real exchange rate converges to 0.9 for approximately 200 participants. The transaction fee decreases sharply with the increase of the number of auction participants.

Design Of Energy Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol for Wsn in Iot


 
 
 
 Abstract
 This paper proposes an energy-efficient and secure routing system for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed routing protocol improves packet delivery ratio, end-to-end latency, and network lifetime over existing protocols. The protocol under consideration reduces node energy consumption, increasing the network's lifetime, while ensuring data security. Simulation studies using several metrics evaluate the proposed procedure. The recommended protocol outperforms existing protocols in energy efficiency and security. The protocol under discussion has several IoT applications, including smart agriculture, healthcare monitoring, and environmental monitoring. It ensures reliable and secure data transfer. This paper introduces a novel routing system that addresses energy saving and security in wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things (IoT).
 
 
 

Energy-efficient dynamic homomorphic security scheme for fog computing in IoT networks

Recently, there is an exponential increase in the multimedia and other data over the Internet of Things (IoT). This data is generally send to the cloud for processing and storage. The fog layer in-between readily bridges communication among the IoT devices and the cloud. It delivers services efficiently by computing and analyzing various multimedia information generated by the IoT devices residing on the sensors. However, provision of effective security and energy are critical challenges. The purpose of this work is to enhance the secure transfer of information like multimedia. This scheme uses Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol over SSL/TLS. Since MQTT is vulnerable to eavesdropping, the Elliptic curve-ElGamal cryptography algorithm is introduced which lends a homomorphic factor thereby mitigating man-in-the-middle attack. The dynamic key change and proportional offloading of data as proposed in the current research work helps to preserve node energy by selectively transferring data to the cloud and the fog according to the data topic. The results depict that the system security and lifetime can be improved in comparison to the existing protocols.

Developing a sensor-based mobile application for in-home frailty assessment: a qualitative study

BackgroundFrailty syndrome disproportionately affects older people, including 15% of non-nursing home population, and is known to be a strong predictor of poor health outcomes. There is a growing interest in incorporating frailty assessment into research and clinical practice, which may provide an opportunity to improve in home frailty assessment and improve doctor patient communication.MethodsWe conducted focus groups discussions to solicit input from older adult care recipients (non-frail, pre-frail, and frail), their informal caregivers, and medical providers about their preferences to tailor a mobile app to measure frailty in the home using sensor based technologies. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically.ResultsWe identified three major themes: 1) perspectives of frailty; 2) perceptions of home based sensors; and 3) data management concerns. These relate to the participants’ insight, attitudes and concerns about having sensor-based technology to measure frailty in the home. Our qualitative findings indicate that knowing frailty status is important and useful and would allow older adults to remain independent longer. Participants also noted concerns with data management and the hope that this technology would not replace in-person visits with their healthcare provider.ConclusionsThis study found that study participants of each frailty status expressed high interest and acceptance of sensor-based technologies. Based on the qualitative findings of this study, sensor-based technologies show promise for frailty assessment of older adults with care needs. The main concerns identified related to the volume of data collected and strategies for responsible and secure transfer, reporting, and distillation of data into useful and timely care information. Sensor-based technologies should be piloted for feasibility and utility. This will inform the larger goal of helping older adults to maintain independence while tracking potential health declines, especially among the most vulnerable, for early detection and intervention. Keywords: Frailty, wearable, health services.