ABSTRACT Since its establishment in the mid-1920s, Latvia’s national security service paid close attention to the country’s Jewish community and its haters among local nationalists. Some Jews were considered a security threat after becoming pro-Soviet communists; others boycotted German goods and defied British anti-Zionist policy, thereby de facto damaging Latvia’s foreign relations. Latvian far-right activists were deemed dangerous not only due to their preparations for an uprising but also because of their readiness to harass Jews, destabilizing the fragile ethnopolitical balance in Latvian society. The work of Latvian secret agents against these threats is described in the current article in unprecedented detail. Evidence suggests that it was quite successful and free of expressions of anti-Semitic sentiment. While preventing Jews from joining the communists and publicly protesting the anti-Jewish behaviour of Berlin and London, the Latvian security service also protected the local Jewish community from possible violent actions of homegrown Nazis.