Security Strategy Research Articles

Ultrasound-Induced In Situ Dopamine Polymerization and Deep Mucosal Penetration for Intraluminal Drug Administration.

Prolonging the residence time of drugs in the lumen and propelling them into deep lesions are highly desired for intraluminal drug administration. However, rapid drug efflux caused by dynamic intraluminal contents limits sustained drug concentrations, causing poor pharmaceutical absorption and reduced efficacy. Here, we combined theory and experiments to demonstrate a distinctive drug delivery strategy using clinically available medical ultrasound technology. Through ultrasound-induced in vivo dopamine polymerization and rapidly propelling high-energy shock waves, the resultant drug formulations can tolerate a variable intraluminal environment and penetrate deep mucosa. As a result, this ultrasound-mediated in situ adhesion and self-propelled technique signal a secure and universal strategy for the rapid coating of functional adhesion layers in vivo. Theoretically, this strategy is applicable to any hollow tissue, where ultrasound is accessible.

Strategi Pengembangan Sistem Keamanan Terpadu untuk Melindungi Sistem Operasi Windows dari Ancaman Cyber

The Windows operating system has become one of the main targets for cyber attackers because of its popularity among computer users. Therefore, developing an effective integrated security system is essential to protect the Windows operating system from various cyber threats. This journal discusses integrated security system development strategies that include the use of encryption technology, firewalls, malware scanning, system updates, and user awareness. Apart from that, this journal also discusses the implementation of an integrated security strategy to protect the Windows operating system from increasingly complex cyber attacks. The goal of this journal is to provide strategic guidance for IT security professionals and researchers in developing an effective integrated security system to protect the Windows operating system from ever-evolving cyber threats.

Genome Editing Dilemma: Navigating Dual-Use Potential and Charting the Path Forward.

Contemporary genome editing techniques have made genomic intervention-from microorganism to human-more accessible, easier to use, and more accurate than previous methods. We argue that, notwithstanding its merits in treating and preventing disease in humans, genome editing represents a potential threat for domestic and international security, requiring an integrated approach in regulating, detecting, preventing, and mitigating the risk of its use for malicious purposes. Despite the global regulatory ambitions of the 2021 WHO framework, we see insufficient attention given to the future prospect of dual-use genomic technology. Drawing parallels with the nuclear field, we suggest tentative practical steps for a way forward in dealing with genome editing technologies, such as: 1) adapting national (bio)security and defence strategies to include genome editing as a possible threat (with conceivable WMD potential); 2) enhancing the international dialogue on genome editing and raising the issue at the highest level; 3) working towards a global, legally binding verification mechanism; 4) tracking genome editing technologies.

Blockchain-Enabled Secure and Authentic Nash Equilibrium Strategies for Heterogeneous Networked Hub of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

In the networked enlarged electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructures, the security and authenticity of the stakeholders involved in the EV energy market pool are prime important. This paper proposes an EV network hub (EVNH) comprising electric vehicles, electric vehicle aggregators (EVAs), and charging nodes in the networked EV energy market pool. The various EVAs implement different heterogeneous blockchains. The EV network hub facilitates blockchain-based secure and resilient energy trading under the grid to vehicle and vehicle to grid. The paper emphasizes interoperability challenges involving different blockchains to communicate and transfer assets or data between them. We suggest secure and trustworthy energy trading across various EVAs using multiple EV tokens for EV energy trading through cross-chain communications. The EVAs consider a Nash equilibrium-seeking strategy to find the Nash equilibrium in the non-cooperative game of EVAs. The effectiveness of the proposed EV network hub is tested using MATLAB, Solidity, and Python software.

Rising sun in the cyber domain: Japan’s strategic shift toward active cyber defense

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of Japan’s evolving cyber defense capabilities and explores its future challenges. National security has transformed in the twenty first century, with cyberspace becoming a key conflict domain. Japan, like other nations, has adapted to these changes. In 2022, the Japanese government introduced its active cyber defense concept. The National Security Strategy of 2022 stated the government’s posture for active cyber defense, which pre-emptively neutralizes adversary computers. This marked a turning point in Japan’s security and defense. This strategic shift, which occurred notably between 2000 and 2022, exemplifies Japan’s transition in the cyber domain. The scope of protecting cyberspace has evolved from primarily safeguarding civilian infrastructure to adopting proactive measures. This evolution is analyzed in the paper, which contrasts Japan’s approach with Western nations’ military-driven cyber policies. Additionally, the multifaceted challenges and opportunities arising from this paradigm shift in cyber capability development are explored. The analysis encompasses key aspects, including the policy formation, international cooperation, budgetary allocations, and the progress of organizational structures regarding the cyber domain. Furthermore, the study explores Japan’s future trajectory in cyber defense, with a particular focus on its role within the ‘Multi-Domain Defense Force’ and the dynamics of the Japan-US alliance.

Оценка результативности мер госполитики в сфере реализации стратегического национального приоритета «Экономическая безопасность»

In the context of intensifying external challenges and threats to ensure economic security, it is extremely important to ensure the continuity of state policy measures across the entire vertical of strategic planning documents, to prevent semantic deformation of goal setting, and to prevent the presence of contradictions both in the substantive formulations and in the quantitative values of target indicators of documents. The National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, adopted on July 2, 2021 by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 400, justified the need to monitor the implementation of the nine strategic national priorities formulated in it, including the priority “Economic Security”. A comparative analysis of indicators for monitoring the state of economic security available in the list of official statistical surveillance was carried out. It is shown that in order to comply with the principle of balance in the strategic planning system, it is first necessary to update and ensure mutual compliance of the goals and objectives of the Economic Security Strategy (approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2017 No. 208) with the goals and objectives of the strategic national priority “Economic Security” from the National Security Strategy, taking into account the challenges and threats specified in this document, which should become the basis for the development and regulatory consolidation of a list of indicators for the implementation of the corresponding national priority.

The security and deterrence policy of the Baltic states in 2014-2024

ObjectivesThe full-scale annexation of Crimea and Russia's invasion of Ukraine prompted the political elites of the Baltic states to devote even more attention to security problems and to update the defence plans of the Baltic region. The aim of the work is to analyze the development of the security and deterrence strategies of the Baltic states in the years 2014-2024 in the face of potential Russian threats on the border of the eastern flank of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The starting point for the discussion is the hypothesis that the sense of threat from the Russian Federation contributes to the intensification of trilateral military cooperation between Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. The theoretical basis for the empirical analysis is the adaptive strategy model (so-called grand strategy ) developed by Colin Dueck .Methodscase studyResultsAfter the annexation of Crimea and the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Baltic states were encouraged to tighten strategic trilateral cooperation and develop the potential of their armed forces to increase the ability to defend their own territory, while striving to strengthen collective defence and deterrence within NATO.ConclusionsThe Russian invasion of Ukraine resulted in active investment in defense in the Baltic states. In Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, there is currently strong political will to continuously develop military potential, combined with increased public interest in state security issues.

Identifying barriers and facilitators for the effective diagnosis and provision of primary health care for otitis media from the perspective of carers of Aboriginal children.

To identify the barriers and facilitators for timely detection and optimal management of otitis media (OM) in Aboriginal children in a primary care setting from the perspective of carers of Aboriginal children. A qualitative, Aboriginal co-designed, participatory action research study with interviews and focus groups in a large town in the Kimberley, Western Australia. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research informed stakeholder group identification and interview framework development. Data underwent thematic analysis using NVivo software. Thirty-two carers of Aboriginal children participated. Key barriers identified for the detection of OM were limited information about OM provided to carers and carers feeling disempowered to express their concerns. Key facilitators identified were the provision of health information through health promotion and the use of culturally secure resources. Having a culturally secure clinical environment was identified as essential, with Aboriginal Health Workers playing a vital role in clinical care. No barriers to management of OM in primary care were reported. Facilitators included health care practitioners (HCPs) emphasising the importance of completing antibiotic course and the clinic providing necessary medications. A culturally secure health promotion strategy with health promotion teams, campaigns and resources is needed to increase community awareness of OM signs and symptoms and facilitate appropriate health seeking. It is essential that the local Aboriginal community co-lead and co-develop these initiatives to ensure the unique wisdom and knowledge of Aboriginal people are captured. HCPs and the clinic effectively facilitate management of OM by providing medications and emphasising completion of antibiotics.

Security and Privacy Challenges in Software as a Service (SaaS)

This document In the rapidly evolving landscape of cloud computing, Software as a Service (SaaS) has emerged as a dominant model for delivering software applications over the internet. However, this model introduces significant security and privacy challenges. This research paper delves into these issues, highlighting the unique risks associated with SaaS platforms. The study explores common vulnerabilities such as data breaches, unauthorized access, data loss, and identity theft, which are exacerbated by the centralized nature of SaaS solutions where data is stored on remote servers managed by service providers. To address these challenges, the paper underscores the importance of robust security measures, including encryption, access controls, and secure software development practices. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity for SaaS providers to adopt advanced privacy protection techniques like data anonymization and differential privacy to meet user expectations and comply with stringent legal regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Through a comprehensive review of literature and analysis of current SaaS security practices, the research identifies critical risks and provides strategic recommendations for enhancing security and privacy in SaaS environments. By integrating multiple layers of security throughout the software development lifecycle, enforcing strict access management protocols, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards, SaaS providers can significantly mitigate risks and safeguard sensitive user data. The findings of this study highlight the imperative for continuous improvement in SaaS security strategies to keep pace with emerging threats and technological advancements. Ultimately, by prioritizing security and privacy, SaaS providers can not only protect their users but also gain a competitive edge in the increasingly crowded market of cloud services.

Rational Construction of a 3D Self-Supported Electrode Based on ZIF-67 and Amorphous NiCoP for an Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The development of efficient and Earth-abundant electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an urgent requirement in the field of electrochemical water splitting. The electrocatalytic performance of the OER can be greatly enhanced by the synergistic combination of zeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and transition-metal phosphides, both of which individually exhibit promising capabilities in this regard. In this study, a novel amorphous NiCoP deposited on ZIF-67 sheets supported on Ni foam (labeled as NiCoP/ZIF-67/NF) as an OER electrocatalytic material was successfully synthesized using a simple, secure, and time-efficient two-step strategy. The experimental results demonstrate that NiCoP/ZIF-67/NF possesses a large active surface area with abundant active sites. Also, the synergistic effect and interaction between NiCoP and ZIF-67, as well as between Ni and Co within NiCoP, effectively enhance its electrochemical performance under alkaline conditions. Consequently, NiCoP/ZIF-67/NF exhibits outstanding catalytic activity for OER with an overpotential (η) of 175 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a long-term stability over 40 h at 20 mA cm-2 in a 1.0 M KOH electrolyte. The corresponding analyses suggest that the real active sites responsible for the OER are identified as NiOOH and CoOOH species within the structure of NiCoP/ZIF-67/NF. Additionally, the catalytic function and stability of ZIF-67 toward the OER under alkaline conditions were also briefly discussed. This work provides a novel catalytic material for the OER along with a facile strategy to fabricate superior, efficient, and noble metal-free catalysts suitable for energy-related applications.

Strategic acts of management as a form of managerial decision-making in the field of ensuring national security and state sovereignty of the Russian Federation: problems of hierarchy

The article substantiates the relationship between state management decisions and strategic management acts. The latter are the basis not only for building a system of legal acts of management in the field of ensuring national security as the most important component of state sovereignty of the Russian Federation, but also for the adoption and implementation of managerial decisions in this field. It is concluded that it is necessary to clarify the content of strategic planning documents and to give them legal certainty, systematicity and hierarchy. The types of these documents are analyzed: strategies; state policy frameworks; doctrines; concepts; state programs. The following model of hierarchy of strategic acts of management in the field of national security is argued: strategy of national security of the Russian Federation — conceptual acts (bases of state policy, doctrines, concepts) on the most important directions of ensuring national security of the Russian Federation — strategies on the most important directions of ensuring national security of the Russian Federation — state programs of the Russian Federation on the most important directions of ensuring national security.

A look at persuasive discourse strategies and their relationship to societal intellectual security: Inductive study

The study shed light on intellectual security strategies in persuasive discourse, and how to frame the use of persuasive discourse strategies towards activating intellectual security in society. Rhetorical and persuasive strategies, and with the observation tool, the study concluded that the concept of intellectual security includes commitment to morals, customs, and the regulating and prevailing laws in society, and that persuasive discourse strategies work to organize and frame content in order to reach persuasion, and that Aristotle's persuasive triangle is consistent with rhetorical strategies, research that is consistent The pathos with the solidarity strategy, the ethos interacts in the directive strategy, the logos merges into the allusive strategy and the persuasive strategy, and the solidarity strategies are considered one of the most prominent persuasive strategies in enhancing intellectual security. Reinforced jaw security Irrigation in the process of communication works to preserve the cultural and religious identity in any society. Keywords: strategies, intellectual security, discourse, persuasion, framing.

Determining the Efficacy of Machine Learning Strategies in Quelling Cyber Security Threats: Evidence from Selected Literatures

The alarming security threats in the internet world continually raise critical concerns among individuals, organizations and governments alike. The sophistication of cyber-attacks makes it imperative for a paradigm shift from traditional approaches and measures for quelling the attacks to modern sophisticated, digital and strategic ones, such as those involving machine learning and other technologies of artificial intelligence (AI). This study is aimed at examining machine learning (ML) strategies for effective cyber security. ML involves using algorithms and statistical models to enable computers learn from and make decisions or predictions based on data. The study relied on secondary data, which were subjected to a systematic review. The results of its thematic and qualitative analyses prove that majority of the literatures allude to the fact that the maximal performance abilities and tactics of the ML constitute its strategies for quelling cyber security. These include its: early detection of threats that are tackled before they cause damages; ability to analyze huge quantity of data quickly and accurately; and processing of datasets in real-time. The study argues that the noted abilities and tactics constitute ML strategies for quelling cyber security, regardless of its challenges like data quality, security vulnerabilities and possible incidences of bias. The study concludes that ML can indeed be used to detect and respond to threats in real-time, ascertain patterns of malicious behavior, and improve on internet security, which thereby prove it to be a viable tool for quelling cyber security.

Finding Vulnerability in Web Application by using Pentesting

Penetration testing, a proactive security measure, is indispensable in fortifying the resilience of web applications against cyber threats. This project explores the efficacy of penetration testing as a means to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities within web applications. By simulating real-world attacks, penetration testing uncovers potential weaknesses in the application’s architecture, codebase, and configurations. Through a systematic approach encompassing reconnaissance, vulnerability analysis, exploitation, and reporting, penetration testing provides invaluable insights for organizations to patch vulnerabilities and bolster their overall security posture. The abstract briefly describes the methodology involved in penetration testing and highlights its significance in mitigating risks and fortifying the security posture of web applications. This project examined further into the effectiveness of penetration testing as a preventative security strategy, uncovering vulnerabilities such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting. The investigation found subtle vulnerabilities in the online application’s architecture, programming, and customizations by painstakingly modeling actual cyberattacks. This thorough investigation gave firms a solid platform on which to strengthen their defenses against changing cyberthreats. The study also demonstrated how crucial penetration testing is for both finding vulnerabilities and enabling quick repair measures. Through thorough reporting, exploitation simulations, vulnerability analysis, and in-depth reconnaissance, the study demonstrated how penetration testing provides useful insights to improve online applications’ overall security posture. In the end, this project emphasizes how crucial penetration testing is to improving the robustness of web applications

A Study on the Strategy of Security and Security Work in Universities from the Perspective of “Three Comprehensive Education”

As an important part of service and management education in universities, security work in universities is an important component of comprehensive education and is closely related to students’ learning and campus life. With the deepening of higher education reform, the traditional security work concepts and methods in universities are no longer able to meet the needs of the times. In this context, the safety management departments of universities should actively transform their concepts, fully recognize the importance of themselves in the “Three Comprehensive Education” work, face the current problems in safety and security work, and improve the quality of safety and security work through various methods such as strengthening learning and training, transforming work concepts and methods, and emphasizing cross-departmental communication and cooperation, to help achieve the fundamental task of moral education.

Стратегия экономической безопасности и тренд doing business – два вектора уголовно-процессуальной политики

Two vectors of criminal procedure policy: economic security strategy and the trend doing business are multidirectional. At the same time the focus of their attention is on the same subjects – entrepreneurs. These vectors must be balanced and coordinated

NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE TOOLS OF CYBER POWER: A REVIEW ON THE AREAS OF STATE HEGEMONIA

In the post-Cold War era, in terms of international relations, 'cyber security' emerges as a significant security issue for the spheres of state sovereignty beyond the personal sphere. In addition to the harmful effects of cyber threats on the functioning of public institutions and organizations, İt also raises a problem for states, such as managing perception operations by creating a society more open to manipulative influences. In our globalizing world, as the most important actor of the system, the States' dependence on each other has increased, and at the same time, there has been a period in which the fundamental security issues are intertwined for the States. In such a situation where it is not possible for the States to define themselves outside the system, classical realist approaches are insufficient to explain the changing -and increasingly abstracted-security areas. Nation-states must develop more complex skills and prioritize cooperation to deal with these new security threats. In our study, which focuses on the national cyber security perceptions of states, the measures taken by the States in the cyber world on priority issues, such as institutional functioning and survival problems, are analyzed in terms of national security strategies. On the theme of 'new security', the main focus is the necessity for actors to develop new defense capabilities within the framework of the 'quick response and easy adaptation' in the face of increasing and diversifying cyber threats. In our study, which deals with the efforts of digital Nation-states to increase their effectiveness in cyberspace in determining the 21st-century sovereignty areas and the increase in their tendency towards cyber warfare tools, the active/passive defense methods followed by the States in the perspective of cyber security strategies have been evaluated. In this context, it is the most acceptable method for the States to prefer the 'active defense model' in order to avoid cyber attacks against vital institutions such as education and health.

Mobile money, food security and coping strategies in a post-conflict and fragile context: evidence from Burundi

PurposeAttaining the Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2) of zero hunger continues to be a challenge in most parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. However, financial inclusion is seen as a potential pathway for reducing food insecurity among poor households. Mobile money is a financial inclusion instrument that is easily accessible to poor households and has the potential to increase the level of financial inclusion. This paper contributes to the literature by examining the determinants of mobile money adoption, its effects on household food security and the choice of coping strategies in Burundi, a post-conflict and fragile country.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data that involved 860 households in Burundi, we adopted the Household Hunger Scale (HHS) developed under the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project to measure household food security. We further employ the endogenous switching regression treatment effects model for ordered outcomes and the multivariate probit model to achieve our aims.FindingsThe results of our study reveal that the adoption of mobile money is influenced by factors such as gender, marital status, age, formal education, membership in a social network, area of residence and access to a tarred road network. Additionally, the food security status of a household was determined by marital status, formal education, social network membership, access to tarred roads, off-farm income, access to credit and land tenure security. We confirm that mobile money adoption has a significantly positive effect on the food security status of households with heterogeneity in gender and area of residence. We also find that mobile money adoption reduces the likelihood of households adopting consumption-related coping strategies.Practical implicationsThe promotion of mobile money should, therefore, be included in Burundi’s national food security policies.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the effect of mobile money adoption on household food security and the choice of coping strategies in a post-conflict context.

Projects and Realities of Forming a Great Eurasian Space

Aim. Analyze three options for the development and construction of the Eurasian space (Russian, Chinese and Turkic) and identify the advantages and risks associated with both the expansion of integration processes and external influence on states that are members of coalitions of the nonWestern world.Tasks. To trace the evolution of supranational structural formations in the Eurasian space after the collapse of the Soviet Union and their appearance in declarations, agreements and other legal documents, starting with statements about “the formation and development of a common economic space, pan-European and Eurasian markets”.To identify the characteristic features of globalization of all spheres of human existence, which has given rise to the need to understand the “landscape of global risks”, “global existential catastrophe” as an event leading “to the end of the existence of our descendants”, which together determined the transition to the formation of nation states, geopolitical and geo-economic coalitions in the Greater Eurasia space (“Central Asian Five”, EEAS, SCO, CSTO, UTC).Results. The concept of three main projects for the construction of Greater Eurasia is substantiated: Russian, based on the revival of the Eurasian ideology of N. S. Trubetskoy, P. N. Savitsky and G. V. Vernadsky; the Chinese “Belt and Road”, aimed at transforming the idea of the Great Silk Road into a Community of a Common Destiny for Humanity; Turkic, claiming to recreate the Turkic civilization with the goal of “bringing world civilizations closer together” on the Eurasian continent.The author’s position is argued regarding the need to ensure coplanarity and unidirectionality of the three vectors of implementation of Eurasian projects with the consistency of political decisions and actions of the three poles of power in the Greater Eurasian space — Russia, China and Turkey.Conclusions. Currently, the coordination of political decisions and actions of the three poles of power in the Greater Eurasian space, taking into account the principles of convergence of national interests in interstate unions, global geopolitical processes of multi-agent interaction and global security strategy in a polycentric world, is becoming relevant.

Heparosan biosynthesis in recombinant Bacillus megaterium: Influence of N-acetylglucosamine supplementation and kinetic modeling.

Heparosan, an unsulfated polysaccharide, plays a pivotal role as a primary precursor in the biosynthesis of heparin-an influential anticoagulant with diverse therapeutic applications. To enhance heparosan production, the utilization of metabolic engineering in nonpathogenic microbial strains is emerging as a secure and promising strategy. In the investigation of heparosan production by recombinant Bacillus megaterium, a kinetic modeling approach was employed to explore the impact of initial substrate concentration and the supplementation of precursor sugars. The adapted logistic model was utilized to thoroughly analyze three vital parameters: the B. megaterium growth dynamics, sucrose utilization, and heparosan formation. It was noted that at an initial sucrose concentration of 30gL-1 (S1), it caused an inhibitory effect on both cell growth and substrate utilization. Intriguingly, the inclusion of N-acetylglucosamine (S2) resulted in a significant 1.6-fold enhancement in heparosan concentration. In addressing the complexities of the dual substrate system involving S1 and S2, a multi-substrate kinetic models, specifically the double Andrew's model was employed. This approach not only delved into the intricacies of dual substrate kinetics but also effectively described the relationships among the primary state variables. Consequently, these models not only provide a nuanced understanding of the system's behavior but also serve as a roadmap for optimizing the design and management of the heparosan production method.