Security Review Research Articles

The UK’s Reserve Forces: Retrospect and Prospect

This article focuses on how the role and structure of the UK’s Reserve Forces have changed since their foundation before the First World War, with particular attention paid to the last two decades, during which time government has sought to make the Reserves more useable and relevant to post-Cold War military missions, including changing the legislative and administrative basis of their use. Since 9/11, Reserves have played an important role in the defense of the United Kingdom, particularly in operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, but the recent financial crisis has spurred further consideration of how best to structure and use this capability, which has been included as part of the recent Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR). The article analyses the current debate on whether the number of Reserve Forces should be cut or increased, and on how best to integrate their efforts with those of the Regular Forces. It also considers the evidence on the recent operational experience of Reserve Forces and its impact on a number of personnel issues, including recruitment, retention, and their health and well-being. The differences between the health and well-being outcomes for Reserve and Regular Forces are discussed and future lines of research enquiry highlighted, while the implications for the comparative analysis of Reserve Forces are also drawn out.

An Improved Efficient Secret Handshakes Scheme with Unlinkability

Recently, an unlinkable secret handshakes scheme was proposed by Huang and Cao who claimed their scheme achieved affiliation-hiding, unlinkability and meanwhile was more efficient than the previous ones. However, Su, Youn and Park pointed out that the scheme is insecure due to some design flaw, respectively. In this paper, inspired by the security review of their work, we modify Huang-Cao scheme and propose an improved secret handshakes scheme with unlinkability. Our proposal not only conquers the security flaw in Huang-Cao scheme but also is more efficient than the previous schemes.

Towards Sustainable Development in Malaysia: In the Perspective of Energy Security for Buildings

Malaysia's economy expansion has been powered by cheap oil making us too dependent and addicted on using fossil fuels. As a country that is primarily reliant on fossil fuels for generating its development, issues such as fossil fuel depletion and peak oil will threaten the development of this country. Oil depletion issue had risen rapidly throughout the globe and the quest for substitute fuels has never been as anxious as it is today. Energy security is in crucial perspective in order to prolong sustainable development in Malaysia. This paper will review the energy sources in Malaysia, the importance of energy security and prospective review of renewable energy towards sustainable development in Malaysia. It will show the impact of power blackouts to Malaysia and the importance of effective measure towards energy security for country's building stock. In order to achieve that, consideration on utilizing renewable energy as a backup energy for the nation is essential. At the moment, the highest potential of adaptable renewable energy for buildings in Malaysia can be gained from solar. Thus, it is important to value this natural energy which is environmental-friendly and abundant in Malaysia. The main objective is to acquire energy security for buildings in Malaysia.

Inside ‘the CFIUS’: US National Security Review of Foreign Investments

Foreign companies looking for good deals buying US businesses that were hit hard by the economic downturn need to be aware that transactions that implicate the US national security are subject to significant scrutiny by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). Several recent foreign investments have failed because of national security concerns raised by this little-known US government committee. National security review by the CFIUS can be a frustrating process for international investors who are not well-prepared. Potential foreign investors should understand how the US national security review process works and how the Obama Administration’s trade policy and the highly politicized national security debate in the US could impact their transactions. This article provides international investors an informal guide to the CFIUS process to help them understand what is involved and benefit from lessons learned from past transactions.

THE ECONOMICS OF THE DEFENCE REVIEW

Despite the cuts demanded by the Strategic Defence and Security Review, Britain will maintain its global role in defence, albeit at a lower level. But cost and budget pressures have exposed serious economic inefficiencies in commissioning and acquisition practices. Ultimately, the review has protected service budgets, rather than conducted a wholesale reappraisal of defence ways and means.

WHAT'S NEW?

Much attention on the Strategic Defence and Security Review focused on the issues of deterrence and inter-service rivalry. But a number of other important choices, not obviously apparent in the document, might instead suggest the direction in which British defence policy has evolved. The outcome may be affordable, but is it at the cost of shortterm coherence?

AIR, SPACE AND CYBER POWER

The Strategic Defence and Security Review has recommended significant cuts across the defence establishment, affecting all armed services including the air force. However, as this decade's operations have proved, the Royal Air Force remains an essential component of modern warfare. Air Chief Marshal Simon Bryant describes how Britain's air force provides core capabilities, both in autonomous operations and as part of the joint force, across the air, space and cyber domains.

UK cost-cutting review shrinks military capacity

Despite Prime Minister David Cameron's claim that the outcome of the United Kingdom's Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR), announced in mid-October, does not represent ‘strategic shrinkage’, the overall result for Britain's armed forces will be to reduce their capabilities. This broadly reflects a decline in the UK's relative economic strength and in its consequent will and ability to play a major role in international security.

The Army Primary Health Care Service: From Foundation to Future

Following the British Government’s implementation of policies to improve quality and introduce clinical governance into healthcare delivery in the late 1990s, the British Army commissioned a study into how primary...

UK army may escape big cuts – for now

The size and shape of the British Army is one of the most controversial issues in the Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) currently under way. Proposals have been made to reduce the number of soldiers by some 20,000 from the current 106,500 as part of the government's plan to cut the defence budget by 10–20% over the next four years. However, signals emerging from intense political skirmishing indicate that it may have been saved from such a large reduction – at least for now.

Anti-monopoly, National Security and Industrial Policy: Merger Control in China

China has attracted the world’s attention since it enacted its Anti-monopoly Law (AML) in August 2007. Discussion relating to merger control is frequently focused on the AML, without adequate observation to other legislation. This article argues that competition matters, which are embodied in the AML, are not the whole of the existing regime of Chinese merger control. A three ‘pillar structure’ of the regime in relation to foreign mergers, that is, anti-monopoly review, national security review, and entry review, may be seen to have been formed. Competition, national security, and industrial policy may all be considered in the assessment of foreign mergers. While it remains to be seen how industrial policy will precisely be advanced in both legislation and practice, the policy may occupy a major position in the current regime. This is understandable given the current stage of the China’s economic transition. Policy makers are however urged to establish a merger control regime that is clear-cut and transparent, from which legal certainty flows.

PC에 탑재된 OTP의 취약점 분석

OTP(One Time Password) is a user authentication using secure mechanism to authenticate each other in a way to generate a password, an attacker could intercept the password to masquerade as legitimate users is a way to prevent attacks. The OTP can be implemented as H/W or S/W. Token and card type OTP, implemented as H/W, is difficult to popularize because of having problem with deployment and usability. As a way to replace it implemented as S/W on Mobile or PC is introduced. However, S/W products can be target of malicious attacks if S/W products have vulnerability of implementation. In fact, FSA said the OTP implemented on a mobile have vulnerability of implementation. However, the OTP implemented on a PC have no case about analysis of vulnerability. So, in this paper derive security review and vulnerabilities analysis of implemented on a PC.

UK air force may have its wings clipped

Britain's Royal Air Force (RAF) is expected to be reduced in size as a result of the Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) currently being carried out by the Conservative-led government. The British Army and the Royal Navy are also very likely to suffer cuts. The challenge facing the government is to formulate policy that can deliver effective budget cuts while preserving the coherence of the UK's armed forces.

Rough seas ahead for UK navy

None of the United Kingdom's three armed services will do well out of the Strategic Defence and Security Review, due to be completed in October. With cuts of between 10% and 20% expected in the Ministry of Defence's £36.9 billion ($57bn) budget over the next four years, manpower, procurement programmes and future capabilities are all likely to be shorn. However, the Royal Navy is arguing that it should do less badly than the other two services.

Security, Not Defence, Strategic, Not Habit: Restructuring the Political Arrangements for Policy Making on Britain's Role in the World

The Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government has committed itself to a Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDR) in 2010. The government and the country face very hard choices to bring United Kingdom defence and security policy back from the brink of bankruptcy—both financial and strategic (Gow). To succeed, it must overcome the failings of the past (Chisnall, Dorman, Rees) and take a truly open and radical look at all aspects of policy and process—including the Trident independent nuclear deterrent (Allen), relations with Europe (Witney) and the importance of cyber‐issues in the future security context (Fisher). It must get strategic concepts right to provide flexibility with credibility (Stone). It must deliver ‘what the military wants’: true strategic prioritisation, radical defence acquisition reform, and credible balancing of resources and commitments (Kiszley). The scale of the challenge facing the United Kingdom in—and beyond—the 2010 SDR is why The Political Quarterly convened a workshop early in 2010 involving MPs, practitioners, retired military personnel, journalists, commentators, business people and academics, and publishes these associated papers. Most of all, to overcome the failings of the past, there must be a radical move beyond the welcome first steps of the Cameron–Clegg government to introduce a National Security Council and a National Security Advisor, to reconfigure relationships within government, across departments and with Parliament to have a government figure of accountability and responsibility—a Secretary of State for Security Policy, primus inter pares with other Secretaries of State—to make sense of the questions needing to be asked and answered (Gearson and Gow).

The Defence and Security Review We Need

The Defence and Security Review We Need

Providing for Defence in an Age of Austerity: Future War, Defence Cuts and the 2010 Strategic (Security and) Defence (and Security) Review

The Political QuarterlyVolume 81, Issue 3 p. 376-384 Providing for Defence in an Age of Austerity: Future War, Defence Cuts and the 2010 Strategic (Security and) Defence (and Security) Review ANDREW M. DORMAN, ANDREW M. DORMAN Defence Studies Department, King's College London, based at the Joint Services Command and Staff College.Search for more papers by this author ANDREW M. DORMAN, ANDREW M. DORMAN Defence Studies Department, King's College London, based at the Joint Services Command and Staff College.Search for more papers by this author First published: 13 August 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2010.02107.xCitations: 3Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume81, Issue3July‐September 2010Pages 376-384 RelatedInformation

Seeking Justice in an Unfair Process: Lessons from Canada, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand on the Use of 'Special Advocates' in National Security Proceedings

Report on the special advocate system used in the United Kingdom and New Zealand in national security court cases written in anticipation of the introduction of a similar system in Canada.“Special advocates” are security-cleared lawyers representing the interests of parties excluded from national security-related hearings in which the government leads secret information. They have been employed extensively in the United Kingdom and, to a lesser degree, in New Zealand in an effort to enhance the fairness of processes that, by denying the party the right to know the case against them, do not meet fair hearing standards. Canada has also used special security-cleared lawyers in proceedings before the Security and Intelligence Review Committee (SIRC), and the Arar Commission, among others, and is moving towards a fuller special advocate model in national security proceedings before the Federal Court (particularly in relation to security certificates under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act).This study examines the role and utility of special advocates in Canada, the United Kingdom and New Zealand. It draws on public source material, but mostly reflects insight obtained via telephone interviews and two London roundtables conducted during the summer of 2007 with over a dozen special advocates, the UK Special Advocates Support Office and several United Kingdom defence counsel and civil society organizations as well as other Canadian and foreign experts. The report concludes that the UK and New Zealand special advocate models suffer from a number of shortcomings, many of which do not exist in the model employed by the Canadian SIRC. This study advises that Canada build on the SIRC model rather than import the UK/New Zealand approach and makes several specific recommendations

A code inspection process for security reviews

In recent years, it has become more and more evident that software threat communities are taking an increasing interest in Grid infrastructures. To mitigate the security risk associated with the increased numbers of attacks, the Grid software development community needs to scale up effort to reduce software vulnerabilities. This can be achieved by introducing security review processes as a standard project management practice.The Grid Facilities Department of the Fermilab Computing Division has developed a code inspection process, tailored to reviewing security properties of software. The goal of the process is to identify technical risks associated with an application and their impact.This is achieved by focusing on the business needs of the application (what it does and protects), on understanding threats and exploit communities (what an exploiter gains), and on uncovering potential vulnerabilities (what defects can be exploited). The desired outcome of the process is an improvement of the quality of the software artifact and an enhanced understanding of possible mitigation strategies for residual risks.This paper describes the inspection process and lessons learned on applying it to Grid middleware.

Breaking the mould: the United Kingdom Strategic Defence Review 2010

With a strategic defence review expected to begin in 2010, this article reflects upon the history of the review in British defence policy and planning. The authors argue that for decades successive defence reviews have followed a process in which policy development moves through four phases: failure, inertia, formulation and misimplementation. This has resulted in a cycle of defence reviews that have proved to be incomplete and unsustainable: a cycle in which each review leaves so much unfinished business that another radical reappraisal of defence policy is soon thought necessary, and a cycle from which a succession of governments have so far proved unable or unwilling to escape. The article suggests that the strategic defence (and security) review promised for the next parliament is in danger of continuing this pattern of policy deficiency. The authors contest that this need not be the case. With a close understanding of the pattern of past reviews it should be possible for the 2010 review finally to break the mould and produce a coherent and above all sustainable defence policy and strategy.