Security Program Research Articles

Ensuring information security in order to preserve the national interests of Russia at the beginning of the 21st century

The purpose of this article is to analyze the main risks of information security in Russia in the new millennium and the effectiveness of information security programs in the Russian Federation. The object of the study is the information security system of the Russian Federation. The article identified the main risks of information security in Russia, such as cybercrime, violations of the rules for processing personal data, leaks of confidential information, and others. The authors analyzed the distribution of the listed types of threats to information security of Rostelecom's client companies for 2022. Attention is focused on the fact that a low culture of information security among military personnel and personnel working at the facilities of the Armed Forces can lead to vulnerabilities and risks of data leakage of important strategic facilities. The programs for ensuring information security of the Russian Federation were considered, including the Federal Target Program "Information Russia", the Federal Law "On the Protection of Personal Data" and others. The authors identified the main goals and indicators of such national programs. An analysis of the effectiveness of the information security system of the Russian Federation is carried out and a forecast of its development is presented. State programs aimed at developing the digital economy, protecting critical information infrastructure, developing mechanisms to combat cyber threats, as well as creating modern technologies for the Russian Armed Forces and cryptography are the key areas of Russia's work in this area. The authors also analyzed the forecast for the development of the Russian cybersecurity market, as well as the global forecast for the development of information security technologies. It is concluded that despite the measures taken by the Russian Federation to ensure information security, the system is still vulnerable to new threats. recommendations were developed to improve the current information security system in the Russian Federation.

Selling Selective Anti-Statism: The Conservative Persuasion Campaign and the Transformation of American Politics since the 1920s

Beginning in the 1920s, a network of conservatives who sought to limit the federal government's domestic responsibilities mobilized modern persuasion techniques to belittle the government's efforts to address domestic economic and social problems. Over several decades, the conservative persuasion campaign delivered billions of messages disparaging domestic programs. To assess the campaign's impact, this article proposes a new method for evaluating efforts to shape public opinion that focuses on the impact of message repetition at scale. Applying this approach, the article argues that by the late 1940s the conservative persuasion campaign had primed many Americans to embrace a strand of selective anti-statism pairing support for a robust military and foreign policy establishment with disdain for domestic economic security programs. The derisive rhetoric the conservative persuasion campaign fostered and the selective anti-statism it fueled became defining features of American politics and shaped American political development for decades.

Overcoming the threat of poverty and social welfare amid the COVID-19 pandemic through sustainable funding sources

The COVID-19 outbreak is believed to have slowed economic acceleration in several countries, including Indonesia. Dramatic economic changes affect the country's performance in overcoming poverty and unemployment. This article aims to analyze the social and economic impact of the pandemic. It can be seen that the government, as the holder of the mandate of power, still and will continue to rely on social protection programs in dealing with the social and economic impacts that are currently being faced. The government can expand social security and assistance programs by strengthening collaboration between local authorities and non-state institutions. In addition to social protection, Indonesia, known as a country with a Muslim majority, has a religious instrument called zakat, which is believed to overcome the spike in poverty. Moreover, zakat is also considered a potential instrument to support some countries in achieving SDG goals as long as they are appropriately managed.

Security and Privacy Aware Programming Model for IoT Applications in Cloud Environment

The introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) applications into daily life has raised serious privacy concerns among consumers, network service providers, device manufacturers, and other parties involved. This paper gives a high-level overview of the three phases of data collecting, transmission, and storage in IoT systems as well as current privacy-preserving technologies. The following elements were investigated during these three phases:(1) Physical and data connection layer security mechanisms(2) Network remedies(3) Techniques for distributing and storing data. Real-world systems frequently have multiple phases and incorporate a variety of methods to guarantee privacy. Therefore, for IoT research, design, development, and operation, having a thorough understanding of all phases and their technologies can be beneficial. In this Study introduced two independent methodologies namely generic differential privacy (GenDP) and Cluster-Based Differential privacy ( Cluster-based DP) algorithms for handling metadata as intents and intent scope to maintain privacy and security of IoT data in cloud environments. With its help, we can virtual and connect enormous numbers of devices, get a clearer understanding of the IoT architecture, and store data eternally. However, due of the dynamic nature of the environment, the diversity of devices, the ad hoc requirements of multiple stakeholders, and hardware or network failures, it is a very challenging task to create security-, privacy-, safety-, and quality-aware Internet of Things apps. It is becoming more and more important to improve data privacy and security through appropriate data acquisition. The proposed approach resulted in reduced loss performance as compared to Support Vector Machine (SVM) , Random Forest (RF) .

The impact of social assistance on households’ transfer behavior: A micro data analysis

This paper investigates whether public transfers crowd-out inter-household transfers in Indonesia. Using household data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-3 & IFLS-4), this study evaluates the impact of direct cash transfer programs (Bantuan Langsung Tunai, BLT) on inter-family transfer (i.e., monetary transfer from parents, siblings, child, and other family members who do not live co-residently). The results indicate that, in general, the crowding-out effect is relatively small. This effect is statistically significant only in urban households but not rural ones. This finding suggests that expanding public transfer under formal social security programs to cover poor households does not significantly reduce the existence of informal transfers. Further, public transfers potentially improve the distribution of household income.

Three little words? The impact of social security terminology on knowledge and claiming intentions

AbstractWe study the impact of changing the existing terminology to describe the rules governing Social Security retirement benefits. We provided respondents from a nationally representative online panel with information pertinent to the decision of when to claim Social Security retirement benefits. The content of the information treatments was identical for all respondents, but some were randomly given an alternative set of terms to refer to the key claiming ages (the experimental treatment group), while others were given the current terms (the control group). Despite the minimal nature of the change, there were significant differences in outcomes. Those in the treatment group spent less time reading the information, but their understanding of the Social Security program improved more than the control group. In addition, the treatment delayed retirement claiming intentions by an average of about two and a half months and increased the recommended claiming age to vignette characters by a similar magnitude. The effects were particularly strong for those with low levels of financial literacy. The relative gains in knowledge persisted several months after the treatment.

Information security of minors: individual subjects of the Russian Federation organization experience

The problem of information security of minors does not concern only the federal regulator. It should be provided at all levels of regulation: federal, regional, municipal and local. The basic principles and mechanisms for ensuring the information security of minors are regulated by federal legislation. At the regional level, the mechanisms are being detailed, independent concepts are being developed. This study analyzes the experience of individual subjects of the Russian Federation in ensuring the information security of minors. The following regions were studied: Komi Republic, Perm Krai, Orenburg Region, Republic of Tatarstan. The state of criminalization of minors has been recorded by region. Based on this, regions with an average level of juvenile delinquency have been selected. The work examines regional legislation on the protection of minors from the destructive information environment, regional information security programs. The law enforcement practice is also considered, in particular, increasing the media literacy of adolescents. The participation of regional law enforcement agencies in explanatory work has been studied. The role of volunteer movements in protecting minors from negative information and in educational work is investigated. The positive experience of the regions in protecting children from negative information is highlighted. At the end of the study, conclusions about the translation of positive experience were made.

Factors associated with complications of foreign body ingestion and/or aspiration in children from a Peruvian hospital

ObjectiveTo determine the factors associated with complications of foreign body ingestion and/or aspiration in children from a hospital in the Peruvian social security program. Materials and methodsAn observational, retrospective, analytical, and transverse study was undertaken. Medical records of patients under the age of 14 years old, who were admitted to the National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins between January 2013 and May 2017, and treated with a diagnosis of foreign body in the digestive or respiratory tract, were selected. Variables that characterized the foreign body ingestion and/or aspiration were assessed. STATA v11.1 was used for all subsequent statistical analyzes. ResultsA total of 322 cases met the inclusion criteria and the median age of the cohort was 4 years old (interquartile range: 2–6). The most frequently ingested foreign bodies were coins (∼59%) and batteries (∼10%). Fifty-four cases (∼17%) were classed as having a complication. In the multivariate analysis, we observed that the frequency of complications increased when the ingested object was a battery (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 2.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.52–3.32; p-value<0.001), when the time elapsed prior to diagnosis was 8–16 h (aPR: 2.23; 95% CI: 2.18–2.28; p-value<0.001), and when the child was male (aPR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.24–2.74; p-value = 0.002). However, the frequency decreased in cases where foreign bodies were lodged in the nose (aPR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.97–0.98; p-value<0.001). ConclusionsWhilst the most frequently ingested foreign bodies in this study were coins, complications were more common in cases of battery ingestion and in those where the diagnosis was made after 8 h.

NEXUS OF IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL COMMERCIALIZATION AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN WEST AFRICA

The desire to establish food security and alleviate poverty among the people of many West African countries has resulted in the passage of numerous pieces of legislation, including the Agricultural Productivity Program (WAAPP), to sustain agricultural growth and contribute to the development of a food-secure future. Many nations food security programs have prioritized agricultural automation and commercialization. Agricultural commercialization entails a steady shift from subsistence to mechanized farming, with profit maximization driving production and input decisions and deepening vertical links between input and output markets. This novel strategy aims to empower people at the grassroots level because the majority of the indigenous peoples in these nations are farmers, with the foresight that these nations would achieve their financial zenith when the people are economically secure. In this study, the authors sought to explore literature from the previous decades on expanding agricultural sector involvement and its implications for poverty reduction and food security in West Africa. Furthermore, the agricultural sectors advancement via mechanization and scientific and technological developments, the relationship between agricultural sector growth and food security, and the impact of agricultural development on poverty reduction in West Africa are discussed. Finally, agricultural commercialization and its influence on family economic development, and hence on poverty reduction and food security, are thoroughly examined. KEYWORDS: Agricultural sector, Poverty alleviation, West Africa, Food security, Commercialization

Consumer Perception &amp; Awareness on Food Safety in the Developing Countries – A Critical Review

World Health Day focuses on demonstrating the importance of food safety along the whole length of the food chain in a globalized world. Food safety is the shared responsibility. It is important to work all along the food production chain from farmers, manufactures to vendors and consumers. Unsafe food creates a vicious cycle of disease and malnutrition, particularly affecting infants, young children, elderly and the sick. Unsafe food is linked to the deaths of an estimated 2 million people annually including many children. There is an urgent need for strengthening the existing food policies to incorporate the importance of food safety, which is ignored most of the times, improving the food governance. This study is based on exploratory research by reviewing available literature on consumer perception and awareness on food safety in developing countries. The food we eat must be nutritious and safe, but we often ignore or overlook the issue of food safety. There is need to Improve the nutrition center in the country, actively spread information and raise consumer awareness about food safety issues. There are other issues related to the costs of implementation of food safety measures and the compliance with the standards which the Government should take care. There is an urgent need for strengthening the existing food policies to incorporate the importance of food safety. The policy makers must include “safe food” as a top priority and integrating “food safety” in the nutrition and food security policies and programs. Good collaboration between governments, producers and consumers helps ensure food safety.

Implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Program Jaminan Kehilangaan Pekerjaan (Studi Pada BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Cabang Muara Bungo)

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Bungo Regency has resulted in many workers being laid off unilaterally by the company without any prior notification to the workers/laborers. The laid off workers/labourers have not been included by the company in the JKP program, so the laid-off workers/labourers do not benefit from the JKP program. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation and to find out the obstacles in the implementation of the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 37 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Job Loss Guarantee Program in Bungo Regency. The method used in this research is using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. While the unit of analysis in this study amounted to 9 (nine) people using purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this study were in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. While the data analysis technique uses the model proposed by Miles and Huberman. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the JKP program in Bungo Regency organized by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Muara Bungo Branch has been running, but has not been in accordance with Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 37 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Job Loss Guarantee Program. The obstacles faced in the implementation of the JKP program in Bungo Regency, namely, the lack of cooperation carried out by the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan of the Muara Bungo Branch with relevant agencies, the lack of socialization carried out by the BPJS of Employment in the Muara Bungo Branch and the lack of company awareness regarding the social security programs that were facilitated. by BPJS Manpower.

Implementasi Good Governance terhadap Kinerja BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Cabang Meulaboh

The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of good governance guidelines of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan year 2015 and the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Regulation Number 2-year 2021 concerning Sharia Services for the Employment Social Security Program in Aceh Province, given that financial institutions operating in Aceh Province are required to comply with sharia principles as regulated in Aceh province as stated in Qanun Number 11-year 2018 concerning Sharia Financial Institutions. This study applied qualitative methods using thematic analysis tools. Interviews were employed as the method of data gathering. The participants in this study were selected using a method of purposive sampling. This study revealed that the application of good governance influences the performance of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in the Meulaboh branch.

Extension agents as liaisons: connecting rural people to food security programs?

ABSTRACT This paper examined the use of extension agents in connecting rural people to food security programs in the Irob and Gulomekeda districts, in eastern Tigray, Ethiopia. This study employed qualitative research involving 50 semi-structured interviews, 10 focus group discussions, and 15 hours of personal observation. Extension agents use public meetings to transfer agricultural technologies to rural people. However, results showed that public meetings are ineffective to connect rural people to food security programs. This has limited peoples’ power to voice their concerns and restrained their agency to sanction their choices and negotiate the structures. Besides, the food security implementation procedures are not inclusive limiting people’s participation in the strategy design and strategy implementation procedures. Study results also showed that administrative challenges and personal incompetence have affected extension agents from undertaking their duties effectively. Overall, despite Ethiopia invests in agricultural extension systems, little has been achieved to improve rural food security.

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Petani Singkong Melalui Pemanfaatan Pangan Lokal di Desa Panaikang Kabupaten Gowa

Indonesia's food security program is one of the most important programs related to population growth in Indonesia and is expected to provide communities with adequate food in both quantity and quality. Foods that need to be covered include local staples, carbohydrate sources, or calorie sources. Cassava is a food source of carbohydrates and horticultural crops and is easily damaged by improper handling.The low price of cassava at the farm level results in losses. Therefore, there is a need for technology that can process cassava into products with higher economic value than raw cassava. Mocha flour making activity was held in Panaykan Village, Gowa District in December 2022 with a total of 24 participants from local farmer groups. This activity begins with a consultation, followed by a training session on how to make mocha flour. Optimizing the use of cassava as a mocha flour is expected to bring greater retail value, improving both economic income and public health.

Household food insecurity and coping strategies among rural households in Kedida Gamela District, Kembata-Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia: mixed-methods concurrent triangulation design

BackgroundHousehold food insecurity is a state in which household members experienced limited or uncertain physical and economic access to safe, plenty, and healthy food to meet the dietary needs for a fruitful, healthy, and active life. Food insecurity continues to be a major development and public health problem across the globe, having adverse consequences. This study was done to assess household food insecurity and to explore coping strategies in Kedida Gamela District, Southern Ethiopia.MethodA cross-sectional study complemented with the qualitative inquiry was carried-out from August to November 2020. Multistage sampling was used to select study subjects. A total sample of 597 households was selected randomly using up to date family folder list in the district as a sampling frame. For the qualitative study, 16 food-insecure households were selected randomly from food in secured households. Quantitative data were entered using Ep-Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Bivariate analysis was carried out to see the crude association between each independent variable and outcome variable. P-value < 0.05 and 95%CI for adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were used to declare the significance of the associations. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultThe findings of this study showed that 76% of the households were food insecure. Being female-headed households [AOR: 2.82:CI(1.10, 7.24)], absence of formal education [(AOR: 9.75:CI (3.7, 11.31)], lack of engagement in non-farm farm activities [(AOR; 3.30: CI (1.86, 5.96)], absence of credit service [AOR:4.04; C I (2.11,7.73)], presence of dependent household members [AOR: 3.47;(2.91,6.34)], poorest wealth status [AOR;9.86:CI (3.72, 15.85)] were factors significantly associated with food insecurity of the households. Food insecure households employed different coping strategies with the respective level of food insecurity.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicated that household food insecurity was higher in the study area. Moreover, sex, educational status, wealth status of the households; engagement of households in off/non-farm farm activities, credit service, and active and inactive labor force were significantly associated with household food insecurity.Food insecure households practice different coping strategies with respective food insecurity levels from the less severe strategy of eating inedible, fewer-quality foods to the most severe of migrating and begging for food.Planning and exhaustively implementing sustainable food security programs should get due attention.

National Government and Academia: A Collaborative Approach in Advancing National Security in Kenya

Academia plays a critical role in the development of Kenya and its people. Academic research makes significant contributions to knowledge, innovations, and solutions that can drive national security and improve livelihoods. It is a vital contributor to the knowledge production of national security theories, principles, approaches, technologies, and techniques. In advanced nations, educational enterprise invests immense resources and deliberate efforts in the continuity of research and production of data and revolutionary technologies impacting national and international security. However, the contribution of academia to developing countries in security development remains limited and generally unknown. This paper explores secondary research findings of the current education landscape and the contribution of academia to security development in Kenya. The goal of the study was to investigate and deepen understanding of the security development processes through an exploration of the most notable security developments, achievements, programs, research works, and technologies generated by the Kenyan academic body. The study revealed that few studies in Kenya have focused on this area and as such, it was useful to establish a foundation of knowledge regarding the contributions and collaboration between academia and national security. The analysis of national security academic programs, several public national security research institutions, national security public forums, higher education institutional and national budgets for security programs, scholarships, scientific presentations, and security-specific technological exhibitions, posits a weak influence, wanton contribution, and involvement of the Kenyan academia and the government in matters of national security development. It shows challenges, needs, and opportunities associated with national security in Kenya that can be leveraged by exploring the attitudes, perceptions, views, and attitudes of key stakeholders espousing policies on national security in the country. To stimulate national security research activities in Kenya, this study recommends a collaborative approach in the integration and funding of national security development programs for academia and industry in the country and other advancing nation-states.

An Adversarial Dance: Toward an Understanding of Insiders’ Responses to Organizational Information Security Measures

Despite the increased focus on organizational security policies and programs, some employees continue to engage in maladaptive responses to security measures (i.e., behaviors other than those recommended, intended, or prescribed). To help shed light on insiders’ adaptive and maladaptive responses to IS security measures, we conducted a case study of an organization at the forefront of security policy initiatives. Drawing on the beliefs-actions-outcomes (BAO) model to analyze our case data, we uncover a potentially nonvirtuous cycle consisting of security-related beliefs, actions, and outcomes, which we refer to as an “adversarial dance.” Explaining our results, we describe a novel belief framework that identifies four security belief profiles and uncovers an underexplored outcome of IS security: insiders’ lived security experiences. We find that individuals’ unfavorable lived security experiences produce counterproductive security-related beliefs that, in turn, lead to maladaptive behaviors. Maladaptive behaviors create new potential for security risk, leading to increased organizational security measures to counter them. Thus, the adversarial dance continues, as the new security measures have the potential to reinforce counterproductive security-related beliefs about the importance and risk of IS security and lead to new maladaptive behaviors. To help situate our findings within the current security literature, we integrate the results with prior research based on extant theories. While this paper is not the first to suggest that security measures can elicit maladaptive behaviors, the emergent belief framework and expanded BAO model of IS security constitute an important contribution to the behavioral IS security literature.

Issues concerning Social Security, Medicare and the national debt

It happens quite usually that national politicians can regularly speak of limiting Social Security and Medicare in some ways. However, when confronted with enough public scrutiny in general, those politicians who advocate such reductions become less strident in their own comments. Taxes from the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) provides revenue for the Social Security and Medicare programs. The amount of gathered tax revenue is partially dependent on the payroll FICA tax cap. This article explains how the cap works. Social Security started in 1935, as part of the New Deal. In 1956, insurance to aid disabled people was started. In this article, different aspects of that cap are also examined. In 1965, the Medicare program came into effect. Any temporary surplus of federal funds must be used to hold US Treasury Securities. Starting in Fiscal Year 1969, the United States of America have operated under the law of the Unified Budget Act. This act stipulates that all receipts and outlays of all federal spending be consolidated into a unified budget. Much of these funds will be needed as future retirees receive benefits from the Social Security and Medicare. As that happens, there may be comparatively less US Treasury securities held by the Social Security and Medicare Trust funds. This article shows some of the concerns that the President and Congress face in budget negotiations. In 2017, the rating for long-term US Treasury Securities stayed at AA+ by Standard and Poor’s, a credit rating firm. Both Congress and the US President needed to work together to slow the growth of annual deficits, which adds to the federal debt. Interestingly, two other bond rating firms, Moody’s Investors and Fitch, maintained the bond rating of AAA. It has to be remembered that none of these ratings are permanent. As time goes on, firms that give bonds ratings will keep on analysing those who issues securities, including the US government. Furthermore, not all credit rating agencies agreed with any fall of the credit rating. As to a more recent credit rating, US Treasuries were rated at AAA. The reader should always be cognizant of the fact that ratings can change over time. Such times as occurred in May 2023 (debt ceilings, tax revenues and spending disagreements between the legislative and executive branches) may or may not be contemplated regarding the credit rating of US Treasuries.

Economic Performance of Former President Muhammad Buhari (2015-2023): A Thematic Review.

Economic Performance of Former President Muhammad Buhari (2015-2023): A Thematic Review. Monsuru A. Sodeeq 1192-1199 Jul 14, 2023 Economics Economic Performance of Former President Muhammad Buhari (2015-2023): A Thematic Review. Monsuru A. Sodeeq Institute of Applied Knowledge DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2023.7703 Received: 28 May 2023; Revised: 13 June 2023; Accepted: 17 June 2023; Published: 14 July 2023 ABSTRACT This study critically examines the economic performance of Former President Muhammad Buhari during his tenure from 2015 to 2023. Employing a thematic method of literature reviews categorizes economic activities based on topical issues under the administration of the government. The analysis reveals significant progress and challenges experienced during the Buhari administration’s economic policies. Key focus areas include fiscal management, foreign direct investment, job creation, security, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs. By examining each thematic area, this study presents a comprehensive overview of the economic landscape throughout the studied period. The findings of the study contribute to a nuanced understanding of the economic performance during the Buhari presidency, highlighting achievements such as improved fiscal discipline, increased foreign direct investment inflows, and the implementation of social welfare initiatives. However, challenges such as unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, and persistent poverty are also identified. Based on the study’s findings, recommendations are provided to President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration on further enhancing Nigeria’s economic fortune. These recommendations emphasize the need for sustainable job creation, enhanced infrastructure development, and the diversification of the economy through strategic sectoral investments. This study offers valuable insights into the economic performance of the Buhari administration, shedding light on both accomplishments and challenges faced. The recommendations aim to guide future economic policies and foster improved economic outcomes for the Nigerian population under the incoming government.

SOCIAL WORK SERVICES FOR AUTISM CHILDREN IN VIETNAM: STATUS QUO AND CHALLENGES

Objectives. The study was designed to explore the current State of social service provision for Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children and their families, analyze the existing problems in the process of providing services to children and their families from the perspective of facility managers and service providers. The research results serve as a basis for reviewing and providing recommendations to promote the effectiveness of social work services in this field. Material and methods. This study applied both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. It employed the quantitative method with surveying of 133 front line social service providers from 15 public and private institutions, and qualitative with desk review and 30 in-depth interviews. Participants were voluntary participating in the study with informed consent. Results. Vietnamese children with ASD and their families have faced many problems and risks, including the lack of opportunities and resources to access support and care services. However, social work services for children with ASD and their families in Vietnam were under-developed compared to special education field and faced many limitations, including a shortage of in-depth intervention and outreach programs, inequality of supportive policies between the public and private service providers. Conclusions. Developing a holistic social work support services to meet the ADS children and families is key to address their current problems and contributing to improving the parents'/ caregivers' care and education for children with ASD. In addition, the Government plays an essential role in issuing guaranteed policies and social security programs. Keywords: children with autism spectrum disorders, families, social work services, service providers.