Secure Transmission Of Information Research Articles

Two-step Fourier single-pixel imaging for secure and efficient hidden information transmission

In the rapidly evolving field of optical information security, single-pixel imaging (SPI) has emerged as a promising technique for hidden information transmission. However, traditional SPI methods face significant challenges, including the need for excessive modulation patterns and the vulnerability of encrypted information during transmission. Furthermore, the field lacks efficient methods to reconstruct both plaintext and ciphertext images from the same set of single-pixel measurements. Here, we propose a novel and efficient encryption strategy for Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSPI) that addresses these critical challenges. Our approach integrates two key innovations: a two-step Fourier-total variation conjugate gradient descent (F-TVCGD) method and a dual-key decryption mechanism. The F-TVCGD method significantly reduces the number of modulation patterns required for image reconstruction, enhancing efficiency and minimizing data redundancy. Our dual-key mechanism enables the reconstruction of both plaintext and ciphertext images from a single set of single-pixel measurements using different decryption keys, significantly enhancing security without compromising efficiency. The incorporation of Fourier symmetric patterns improves the convergence robustness of the symmetric gradient descent (SGD) algorithm, leading to superior performance under challenging conditions such as sparse sampling and noise attacks. Numerical simulations and optical experiments validate our method's improvements in both accuracy and security compared to traditional approaches. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed F-TVCGD and SGD strategies effectively address the challenges of excessive modulation patterns and information vulnerability in FSPI.

Research on Key Technologies of Spatial Domain Image Steganography and Analysis of Typical Applications

In the digital age, secure storage and communication of information are crucial aspects of everyday life, drawing significant global interest. Steganography serves as a pivotal method for concealing private information within various media forms—such as images, videos, and text—enabling secure information transmission. This paper delineates the distinctions between information hiding and encryption and delves into image steganography. The focus here is on spatial-based image steganography techniques, which are broadly categorized into traditional and deep learning-based methods. Traditional methods rely on modifications to the pixel values of the host image, often resulting in minor but detectable changes if not carefully managed. On the other hand, deep learning-based methods leverage neural networks to learn how to encode data in an image in a way that is much harder to detect. A comprehensive performance analysis of these techniques is provided, complete with comparative tables to aid in clarity and reference. Additionally, this paper aims to guide researchers by charting current trends in the field and suggesting future research directions. By exploring these advanced techniques, the paper contributes to the broader discourse on enhancing the security and efficacy of steganographic practices.

Mixed-encoding one-photon-interference quantum secure direct communication

Abstract Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) guarantees both the security and reliability of information transmission using quantum states. One-photon-interference QSDC (OPI-QSDC) is a technique that enhances the transmission distance and ensures secure point-to-point information transmission, but it requires complex phase locking technology. This paper proposes a mixed-encoding one-photon-interference QSDC (MO-QSDC) protocol that removes the need for phase locking technology. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the MO-QSDC protocol could also beat the PLOB bound.

A practical scheme for enhancing consistency and independence in wireless key generation for Wi-Fi networks

Wi-Fi networks benefit from physical layer wireless key generation, a theoretically secure method for improving information transmission security. This paper introduces the Consistent Independent Key Generation (CIKG) scheme based on the Wi-Fi signal transmission model. It addresses the dual challenges of channel noise and virtual carrier low-pass effects. The scheme begins with extracting the channel frequency response (CFR) from the entire signal preamble, including both long and short symbols, followed by applying cubic spline interpolation to the short symbol-derived CFR to achieve fine-grained frequency fading corresponding to the long symbols. This refined CFR is averaged to bolster noise resistance, improving key consistency. Subsequently, the inverse Fourier transform is used to obtain the channel impulse response (CIR), and a deconvolution strategy reduces the impact of virtual carrier low-pass filtering on the multipath information of CIR, thus improving key independence. Implemented within Wi-Fi networks, the effectiveness of the CIKG scheme is rigorously tested across diverse scenarios. Quantitative evaluations indicate that the scheme substantially improves key consistency, achieving a 5 dB enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio over traditional CFR-based schemes and elevates information entropy by 20%, significantly boosting key independence. These advances affirm the potential of the CIKG scheme as a formidable solution for developing robust and secure wireless communication networks.

Encryption-decryption scheme in a single-pixel system based on polarization and Laguerre-Gaussian mode modulation

Optical cryptosystems are crucial for ensuring the security of optical information transmission and storage. The indirect measurement mechanism of single-pixel imaging (SPI) offers a feasible implementation channel for optical cryptosystems. Illumination patterns are encryption keys projected onto the plaintext object, while the intensity collected by the single-pixel detector forms the ciphertext. However, the variations in the object's angular position during SPI measurement generally introduce certain inaccuracies in image reconstruction. And due to SPI's input-output linear mapping relationship, the plaintext is vulnerable to exposure. This proposes an encryption-decryption scheme in a single-pixel system based on polarization and Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode modulation. The inherent circular symmetry of LG mode makes the angular position of the object information that can be encrypted, while the intrinsic properties of the object can be represented by polarization. Our system characterizes various polarization parameters of samples serving as reliable plaintext with an error of less than 4.2%, including depolarization, diattenuation, and retardance. For encryption demonstration, LG modes are randomly divided into 5 groups, corresponding to an object at different rotational states. This, combined with 16 polarization modulations, constructs pattern-angle-polarization joint keys, enabling high-security encryption as well as high-fidelity decryption of the mask image, optical axis orientation, and retardance of the test sample. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme in enhancing the security and information complexity of optical cryptography, offering valuable insights for optical communication and quantum information security.

LB-CLAS: Lattice-based conditional privacy-preserving certificateless aggregate signature scheme for VANET

The rapid development of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) has brought great convenience to intelligent transportation, and the secure transmission of information in VANETs has become a serious problem. In addition, the protection of private information of vehicles is also a key issue. Aiming at the problem of how to guarantee the secure transmission of information in VANETs under the condition of satisfying security and privacy, we propose a lattice-based conditional privacy-preserving certificateless aggregate signature scheme (LB-CLAS) for VANETs. Instead of using Number Theory Research Unit (NTRU) lattices and discrete Gaussian sampling, the proposed LB-CLAS scheme is based on algebraic lattice. In addition, based on the module version of Small Integer Solution (MSIS) and module version of Learning With Error (MLWE) hard problems, we prove that the LB-CLAS scheme is existential unforgeability under adaptively chosen message attacks (EUF-CMA). Our LB-CLAS scheme employs individual signature verification in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) mode, while utilizing aggregate signatures and batch verification in vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) mode, with slightly differing transmission parameters between the two modes. Based on Dilithium, our LB-CLAS scheme solves the problem of high storage overhead and computational cost of existing schemes. The performance analysis shows that our LB-CLAS scheme is more efficient in terms of computation cost, storage overhead, and power consumption compared to existing schemes. Compared with existing schemes, our LB-CLAS scheme reduces the signature and verification overheads by more than 17.6% and 43.4%, respectively. Our LB-CLAS program also has significant advantages in batch verification. As the number of vehicles increases, our batch certification time cost is reduced by more than 90%. In addition, our LB-CLAS scheme has the smallest signature length, with a signature size that is 1X smaller than the most efficient existing scheme for the same level of security.

A zero-dimensional perovskite with high-efficiency luminescence and transient response for advanced information encryption

Due to the increasingly complex network attacks and advancements in computational technology, finding new and efficient encryption techniques is an urging task. As a promising material, the application of perovskite luminescent materials in information encryption is limited to pre-planned specific scenarios or applications, lacking the ability to respond to temporary demands. In this work, we have designed a novel cadmium-based zero-dimensional perovskite, TEA2CdCl4, which presents blue luminescence centered at 413 nm originating from organic cations. Upon Sb3+ doping, it not only exhibits intense red emission at 623 nm with a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency up to 100 %, but also brings outstanding resistance to thermal quenching. Especially, an ultrafast response speed could be achieved during decryption process which has been verified by first-principles calculations. Based on the advantages, a large-area optical anti-counterfeiting paper for temporary information encryption transmission is designed, which not only verifies the potential for secure information transmission and protection, but also introduces a new concept for the application of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites in the field of information encryption.

MOMTA-HN: A Secure and Reliable Multi-Objective Optimized Multipath Transmission Algorithm for Heterogeneous Networks

With the rapid development of heterogeneous network technologies, such as mobile edge computing, satellite communications, self-organizing networks, and the wired Internet, satisfying users’ increasingly diversified and complex communication needs in dynamic and evolving network environments has become a critical research topic. Ensuring secure and reliable information transmission is essential for stable network operation in these complex environments. Addressing this challenge, this study proposed a secure and reliable multi-objective optimized multipath transmission algorithm for heterogeneous networks to enhance security and reliability during data transmission. The core principle of this algorithm was that multipath transmission can provide additional protection through redundant paths. This redundancy ensured that even if one path is attacked or fails, alternative paths can maintain data integrity and reachability. In this study, we employed the Optimized Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (ONSGA-II) to determine the range of the initial population and filter suitable paths by optimizing them according to different demand objectives. In the path selection process, we introduced an innovative deletion graph method, which ensures that redundant paths do not share any common links with the original paths, except when there are unique links. This approach enhances the independence of transmission paths and improves the security of the transmission process. It effectively protects against security threats such as single points of failure and link attacks. We have verified the effectiveness of the algorithm through a series of experiments, and the proposed algorithm can provide decision-makers with high-reliability and low-latency transmission paths in heterogeneous network environments. At the same time, we verified the performance of the algorithm when encountering attacks, which is superior to other classical algorithms. Even in the face of network failures and attacks, it can maintain a high level of data integrity and security.

[formula omitted] filtering for uncertain discrete-time singular switched positive systems with time delay and output quantization

This paper focuses on the design problem of an l1 filter for singular switched positive systems with time delay and uncertainty. In order to enhance resource efficiency and information transmission security, the quantization mechanism is introduced when designing the filter. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for causality, regularity, positivity, and exponential stability of the filtering error system are provided under the constraint of mode-dependent minimum dwell time (MDMDT). These conditions are obtained by selecting an appropriate co-positive Lyapunov function and are presented in the form of linear programming (LP). Subsequently, the disturbance attenuation performance is further analyzed, and a design methodology for the corresponding filter is outlined. Finally, a numerical example is presented to verify the validity of the theoretical results.

A blockchain‐based resilient and secure framework for events monitoring and control in distributed renewable energy systems

AbstractThe rapid and green energy transition is essential to deal with the fast‐growing energy needs in both public and industrial sectors. This has paved the way to integrate distributed renewable energy resources () such as solar, hydro, wind, and geothermal into the power grid (). Wind and solar are free, zero‐carbon emission, and everlasting power sources that contribute 5% and 7% of global electricity generation, respectively. Therefore, the fast, secure, and reliable integration of these green is critical to achieve the instant energy demands. Smart grid due to inherited characteristics such as intelligent sensing, computing, and communication technologies can effectively integrate the . However, the existing smart grid communication architecture faces various cyberattacks, resulting in poor integration, monitoring, and control of . In this respect, blockchain technology can provide fast, secure, and efficient end‐to‐end communication between in the smart grid. In this study, the authors propose a blockchain‐based resilient and secure scheme called for wireless sensor networks ‐based events monitoring and control in . Experimental studies and performance analyses are carried out to predict the efficiency of the proposed scheme by considering numerous standard metrics. The extensive numerical results demonstrated that the proposed scheme is significant in terms of secure, resilient, and reliable information transmission for in .

Permutation of National Identification Number for a Better Security in Communication Channel

This study proposes a new method to enhance the security of transmitting national identification number via various communication channels like SMS, email, and Box office. It introduces a permutation technique utilizing the Gamma 1 Non-Deranged Permutation group, ensuring the confidentiality of the information. By employing 11 factorial (11!) permutations, the national identification number is transformed into a mixed format for unintended recipients, yet remains easily decrypted by the intended recipient. This approach mitigates concerns regarding data interception and unauthorized access, providing a robust solution for secure information transmission across diverse media channels.

Encryption Technology of Optical Communication Network Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology

At present, research on enhancing information transmission security by addressing the two key issues of time delay signal elimination and key space expansion in chaotic secure communication systems has become a hot topic. In order to improve the encryption effect of optical communication network, this paper analyzes the encryption technology of optical communication network with AIT (artificial intelligence technology), designs the encryption scheme of optical communication network with the help of AIT, and takes the digital random sequence as the key. Moreover, this paper uses the digital signal processor to control the arbitrary wave generator to generate multi-ary step square wave, modulate the optical feedback and realize the highly random change of external cavity delay, thus eliminating the long external cavity delay information. This article proposes a chaotic secure communication system using digital sequences as keys and external cavity optical feedback, a device for forming a chaotic source through arbitrary wave phase modulation and single loop feedback, and a chaotic secure communication system with single feedback key phase modulation and injection synchronization. At the same time, this paper proposes a system scheme using single-loop optical feedback phase modulation, the CS(chaotic signal) with complex dynamic behavior is output, and the time-delay signal is effectively eliminated. This paper analyzes the strength and phase information of CS by autocorrelation and mutual information technology, and verifies the effect of optical communication network encryption technology. Through the analysis of experimental results, it can be seen that the optical communication network encryption technology based on AIT proposed in this paper can effectively improve the encryption effect of optical communication network. The algorithm model camera proposed in this article can be used in subsequent practice to improve communication encryption performance

Reversible color-changing polymer hydrogels mediated by urea-urease clock reaction for temporary information display

Inspired by the natural world's fascinating capacity for color change, researchers have developed various responsive hydrogels that shift colors. Among these, hydrogels that react to pH changes are particularly notable for their unique properties. The urea-urease autocatalytic reaction, a key pH clock reaction, is especially effective in temporarily adjusting these hydrogels' properties and enabling color changes in response to stimuli. In this study, we synergize the urea-urease clock reaction with the pH-sensitive color transformation of neutral red (NR), thereby establishing an NR-urea-urease clock reaction system. This system exhibits a dynamic color cycle from yellow to red and back to yellow. By incorporating this color transition mechanism into polymer hydrogels, we successfully initiate a pH change within the system. This innovation paves the way for a smart material capable of displaying temporary information through enzymatic reactions. The temporal variation in information display is finely tuned by adjusting the urea and urease concentrations. Such reversible color-changing hydrogels hold promising prospects for applications in secure information transmission and dynamic camouflage, marking a significant step forward in systems chemistry and materials science.

Approaches to Developing Key Distribution Protocols Based on Quantum Key Distribution

Quantum protocols for generating shared secret keys represent an effective method of ensuring secure information transmission using quantum communication channels. However, they are limited in scalability due to the physical constraints of quantum channels, which necessitates the use of classical communication channels for exchanging information between participants. This leads to the necessity of developing security threat models and network protection, especially in the case of hybrid networks, where quantum channels are used alongside classical ones. The peculiarity of constructing quantum key distribution protocols is associated with the costliness of implementation and implies the inevitable use of classical communication channels for key distribution. This paper addresses the task of ensuring the security of communication between subscribers not directly connected by quantum channels, through intermediary nodes, and analyzes threats from internal and external adversaries. Special attention is paid to situations where both types of adversaries have information about the processes and protocols in the network. The paper examines widely used key distribution protocols employed in practice. It describes the main security requirements applied to key distribution protocols, and presents the results of an analysis of the compliance of the discussed protocols with these requirements

人工智能技术在网络信息安全中的应用研究

With the continuous iterative development of computer technology, computer technology has been widely applied in various fields of real society, and artificial intelligence technology is also developing synchronously with computer technology. In the computer network environment, supporting artificial intelligence technology through programming techniques can mimic human neural networks and achieve various intelligent operation functions. However, in today’s society, the network environment is becoming increasingly complex, and the security of network information transmission is gradually being affected. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the security of the network information environment through the improvement and application of artificial intelligence technology, in order to conduct deeper research on artificial intelligence technology and create a favorable objective environment for its application.

Secure Multiple-Image Transfer by Hybrid Chaos System: Encryption and Visually Meaningful Images

The secure transmission of information is one of the most important topics in the field of information technology. Considering that images contain important visual information, it is crucial to create a safe platform for image transfer. One commonly employed tool to enhance the complexity and randomness in image encryption methods is the chaos system. The logistic and sine maps are utilized in encryption algorithms but these systems have some weaknesses, notably chaotic behavior in a confined area. In this study, to address these weaknesses, a hybrid system based on the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative is proposed. The various tests employed to evaluate the behavior of the new system, including the NIST test, histogram analysis, Lyapunov exponent calculation, and bifurcation diagram, demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed system. Furthermore, in comparison to the logistic and sine maps, the proposed hybrid exhibits chaotic behavior over a broader range. This system is utilized to establish a secure environment for the transmission of multiple images within an encryption algorithm, subsequently concealing them within a meaningful image. Various tools employed to assess the security of the proposed algorithm, including histogram analysis, NPCR, UACI, and correlation values, indicate that the proposed hybrid system has application value in encryption.

A sustainable and trusted solution for IoT-based federated learning using feedback behavior

Federated learning is defined as one of the solutions that use distributed clients to train and aggregate the target model without sharing the private information of clients in the network. Hence, federated learning may easily handle and tackle the generated information in a more convenient, feasible and secure manner, while involving the intelligent devices to perform testing and training at the local edges. However, the design of such federated learning solutions faces multiple difficulties due to the cost and complexity of information computation, along with a high energy consumption. Furthermore, the identification of resource-constrained devices which ensures significant power consumption along with privacy and security to the devices makes it critical to attain a sustainable federated learning environment. The aim of this paper is to integrate feedback-based and objective trust models to accurately identify the behavior of communicating devices in the network. The secure transmission of information forwarded by trusted IoT devices is computed by the objective model. In addition, the energy consumption required for measuring the authenticity of a device can be further diminished using a behavior and feedback trusted model. In addition, the past history behavior and feedback received from neighboring devices may also contribute to achieving an efficient and sustainable security mechanism with reduced communication steps and computational delay in the network. The proposed solution is evaluated to analyze the feasibility and performance in terms of energy consumption and resource utilization, while also considering various security metrics for comparison against existing methods. The proposed mechanism out-performed 87% improvement in terms of security metrics in comparison of existing approaches.

Virtual power plant for monitoring of distributed energy resources using extensible messaging and presence protocol

In order to solve the problems of interconnection and communication security of monitoring system the distributed energy resources (DER) with different ownership, the virtual power plant (VPP) can be effectively employed. This paper proposes the information model of DER monitoring terminal based on the IEC 61850–7–420, and studies the extensible message and presence protocol (XMPP) mapping to realize the real-time data communication service. The built-in security mechanisms TLS (Transport Layer Security) and SASL (simple authentication and security layer) of XMPP can ensure the security of information transmission. This paper also presents a platform to test the transmission performance of XMPP mapping, and the results show that XMPP properly meets the security communication requirements of DER monitoring system.

Design of a Short Reference Differential Chaotic Shift Keying Communication System Based on Reference Signal Scrambling Transformation

A short reference differential chaotic shift keying communication system based on reference signal scrambling transformation (RSST-SR-DCSK) is proposed in this paper. The system introduces information-bit-driven scramblers at the transmission end to effectively eliminate the correlation between the reference signal and information signal. At the receiving end, a descrambler is used to restore the correlation, thereby enhancing information transmission security. Additionally, the system employs a short reference transmission mechanism to further increase the information transmission rate. The transmitter and receiver structures of the system are designed through signal structure analysis. Theoretical analyses and simulations conducted in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel demonstrate promising performance, including a low bit error rate (BER) and a favorable data-energy-to-bit-energy ratio (DBR). Simulation verification is performed to examine the impact of parameters on the bit error rate performance. A comparative analysis with traditional DCSK and SR-DCSK systems highlights the superior performance of the RSST-SR-DCSK system.

Beyond pixels and ciphers: Navigating the advancements and challenges in visual cryptography

<p>Visual cryptography (VC) has emerged as a pivotal solution for secure information transmission, leveraging its unique capability to encrypt images in a user-friendly and accessible manner. This survey paper provides an in-depth analysis of various VC methods, highlighting their distinct encryption and decryption techniques, applicability, and security levels. The study delves into the technical specifications of each VC type, offering insights into secret image formats, the number of secret images used, types of shares, pixel expansion, and complexity. Significant attention is given to the practical applications of VC, ranging from secure document verification and anti-counterfeiting measures to digital watermarking and online data protection. The paper also identifies key challenges in the field, such as image quality retention post-decryption, computational efficiency, and scalability. Future prospects of VC are explored, particularly its potential integration with emerging technologies like AI and blockchain. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of VC’s current state, its diverse applications, and the future possibilities, making it a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of data security and cryptography.</p>