Secure Communication System Research Articles

A 6G meta-device for 3D varifocal

The sixth-generation (6G) communication technology is being developed in full swing and is expected to be faster and better than the fifth generation. The precise information transfer directivity and the concentration of signal strength are the key topics of 6G technology. We report the synthetic phase design of rotary doublet Airy beam and triplet Gaussian beam varifocal meta-devices to fully control the terahertz beam's propagation direction and coverage area. The focusing spot can be delivered to arbitrary positions in a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional space. The highly concentrated signal can be delivered to a specific position, and the transmission direction can be adjusted freely to enable secure, flexible, and high-directivity 6G communication systems. This technology avoids the high costs associated with extensive use of active components. 6G communication systems, wireless power transfer, zoom imaging, and remote sensing will benefit from large-scale adoption of such a technology.

A Survey of Security and Privacy Issues in V2X Communication Systems

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication is receiving growing attention from industry and academia as multiple pilot projects explore its capabilities and feasibility. With about 50% of global road vehicle exports coming from the European Union (EU), and within the context of EU legislation around security and data protection, V2X initiatives must consider security and privacy aspects across the system stack, in addition to road safety. Contrary to this principle, our survey of relevant standards, research outputs, and EU pilot projects indicates otherwise; we identify multiple security- and privacy-related shortcomings and inconsistencies across the standards. We conduct a root cause analysis of the reasons and difficulties associated with these gaps, and categorize the identified security and privacy issues relative to these root causes. As a result, our comprehensive analysis sheds lights on a number of areas that require improvements in the standards, which are not explicitly identified in related work. Our analysis fills gaps left by other related surveys, which are focused on specific technical areas but do not necessarily point out underlying root issues in standard specifications. We bring forward recommendations to address these gaps for the overall improvement of security and safety in vehicular communication.

56 Gb/s PAM4 physical secure communication based on electro-optic self-feedback hardware temporal phase encryption and decryption.

To guarantee information security from the lowest level of optical networks, it is essential to provide physical layer security in fiber-optic communication systems. However, it is challenging to realize high speed physical secure optical communication based on advanced optical modulation formats and pure commercial hardware components. In this work, we report an experimental demonstration of a high-speed 56 Gb/s PAM4 physical-layer secure optical communication system by employing an electro-optic self-feedback hardware module for temporal self-phase encryption and decryption without consuming any additional encryption channel. An encrypted 56 Gb/s PAM4 confidential signal is successfully decrypted after transmitting over 60 km single-mode fiber. The demonstrated scheme can not only be integrated with existing optical communication networks, but can also be used as a pluggable module, which may provide a promising solution for ultra-high speed physical secure optical communication by combining with advanced multiplexing technology in future.

An Optimal Homogenous Stability-Based Disturbance Observer and Sliding Mode Control for Secure Communication System

To prevent the loss of data or distortion of the real sent data in the secure communication, the disturbance and uncertainty rejection is very important technique. Especially, the secure communication of the chaotic system, where the master and slave systems are used to encrypt and decrypt the signal. These systems are should be a chaotic. The chaotic system is unpredictable and unstable. The security is obtained if the master and slave systems are synchronizing. Therefore, this paper proposes a new disturbance observer (DO) for estimating attacked signals on public channels and uncertain values of the secure communication system (SCS). First, a new condition of the reaching law was proposed via a homogenous stability condition, which was used to construct the disturbance observer and synchronization controller. Second, the proposed stability is applied to design a new DO for estimating the attacked signals on the public channels and the variations of the parameters of all master and slave systems (MSSs). Third, the MSSs were synchronized by the sliding mode control (SMC) with the same reaching law with the proposed DO. The calculations of controller and observer designs were based on the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy (TSF) system, where the MSSs were taken into account as the fuzzy system. However, the TSF was used for calculation only. The original chaotic of MSSs were used to keep the characteristics of the chaos phenomenon. Final, the mathematically proven was provided to show the corrections of the proposed methods. To show the superior powers of the proposed method, the simulation of MATLAB software and experiment of local network via the internet router were used to conduct the logical analysis. The tested disturbances and uncertainties were mostly compensated by the proposed DO.

Physical Layer Security in Interference Limited Land Mobile Satellite Communication Systems: Safeguarding Data Transmission

This paper focuses on evaluating the secrecy performance of a downlink land mobile satellite (LMS) system. The system faces the challenge of providing secure communication between a satellite and a legitimate user while an eavesdropper is present on the ground. Additionally, co-channel interference signals at the user's destination are considered. To address these issues, the study proposes a novel approach that utilizes Shadowed-Rician fading channels for satellite links and Nakagami-m fading for interfering terrestrial links. The main objective is to enhance the physical layer security of Interference-Limited Land Mobile Satellite Communication Systems. The approach incorporates advanced signal processing, beamforming, and artificial noise techniques to effectively manage interference. Encryption, authentication mechanisms, and intelligent power control strategies are implemented to protect transmitted data and optimize signal strength while reducing the risk of interception by potential eavesdroppers. Through comprehensive simulations, the proposed approach is thoroughly evaluated, demonstrating its effectiveness in achieving improved secrecy performance and increased resilience against security threats. The findings highlight the potential for its application in secure satellite communication systems operating in interference-constrained environments.

Enhancing Security of Healthcare Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) on the Cloud: Employing a Hybrid Cryptographic Solution

Enhancing Security of Healthcare Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) on the Cloud: Employing a Hybrid Cryptographic Solution

ВПЛИВАТАК ЗА ПОБІЧНИМИ КАНАЛАМИ НА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНУ БЕЗПЕКУ

The main structural elements of security mechanisms based on cryptography are cryptographic primitives, namely cryptographic algorithms -symmetric ciphers, public key ciphers and hash functions, which are used to implement the necessary functions of the security mechanism. In order for the cryptographic system to ensure information security, it is necessary that the secret keys used in the cryptographic algorithms for security implementation remain secret (not revealed) under any circumstances. However, in practice, the implementation and operation of cryptographic security mechanisms is far from the perfection of an ideal "black box". That is why side channel attacks are a serious threat to the security of cryptographic modules and, as a result, to the information security of computing and communication systems. Therefore, when implementing protection mechanisms, all possibilities of such attacks should be evaluated and all aspects of their application should be taken into account.The analysis of scientific works in the field of protection of cryptographic systems against attacks by side channels proved that these issues are not given enough attention today.The purpose of the article is the study of attacks through side channels on the implementation of crypto-protection mechanisms, the analysis of the features of their implementation, and an overview of the mechanisms for ensuring information security during the destructive effects of these attacks.The paper considers one of the practical directions of cryptanalysis -attacks through side channels on the implementation of crypto-protection mechanisms. The differences between theoretical cryptanalysis and side-channel attacks are studied. The possibilities of side-channel attacks and the specifics of failure injection attacks are analyzed. The features of ensuring information security during the implementation of cryptographic algorithms for protection against side channel attacks are considered. The need to take into account the threat of these attacks when ensuring the information security of computer and communication systems is proven

Distributed Timestamp Mechanism Based on Verifiable Delay Functions

In the data communication system, the real-time information interaction of communication device increases the risk of privacy sensitive data being tampered with. Therefore, maintaining data security is one of the most important issues in network data communication. Because the timestamp is the most important way to authenticate data in information interaction, it is very necessary to provide timestamp service in the data communication system. However, the existing centralized timestamp mechanism is difficult to provide credible timestamp service, and users can conspire with timestamping servers to forge timestamps. Therefore, this paper designs a distributed timestamp mechanism based on continuous verifiable delay functions. It utilizes multiple independent timestamp servers to provide timestamp services in a distributed model and appends the timestamp to the data once the data is generated. Thus, it can prove that the data already exists at a certain time and ensure the accuracy of the timestamp. Moreover, a digital blind signature based on elliptic curve cryptography is utilized to solve the problem of timestamp forgery in timestamp service. Finally, the security analysis of the scheme ensures the data security of data communication system and the concurrency rate of timestamp. The experimental results also show that the scheme greatly improves the efficiency of digital signatures.

Securing Data in Multimode Fibers by Exploiting Mode-Dependent Light Propagation Effects.

Multimode fibers hold great promise to advance data rates in optical communications but come with the challenge to compensate for modal crosstalk and mode-dependent losses, resulting in strong distortions. The holographic measurement of the transmission matrix enables not only correcting distortions but also harnessing these effects for creating a confidential data connection between legitimate communication parties, Alice and Bob. The feasibility of this physical-layer-security-based approach is demonstrated experimentally for the first time on a multimode fiber link to which the eavesdropper Eve is physically coupled. Once the proper structured light field is launched at Alice's side, the message can be delivered to Bob, and, simultaneously, the decipherment for an illegitimate wiretapper Eve is destroyed. Within a real communication scenario, we implement wiretap codes and demonstrate confidentiality by quantifying the level of secrecy. Compared to an uncoded data transmission, the amount of securely exchanged data is enhanced by a factor of 538. The complex light transportation phenomena that have long been considered limiting and have restricted the widespread use of multimode fiber are exploited for opening new perspectives on information security in spatial multiplexing communication systems.

An encryption-encoding architecture for security enhancement in 5G communication networks

This article introduces a hybrid architecture of cryptography and coding technique to provide security in 5G communication networks. There are various types of attacks in 5G communication systems. Apart from contemporary attacks, we refer some of the peculiar attacks including DOS, DDOS, bot attack, Mantis Botnet, Mirai Botnet etc. These attacks jeopardize the security systems. To overcome the situation, we propose an architecture, which makes use of modified DES encryption followed by Hamming code. In transmitter section, the 256-bit input data is encrypted by 224-bit cipher key, which is then encoded with Hamming code (448, 256) to produce 448-bit of encrypted data. The reverse scheme is applicable in receiver section. We have used Xilinx software to simulate the proposed model. Simulation results show that the duration of both the encryption and encoding are in nano seconds. The intruders shall get very less time to interfere. Therefore, the proposed architecture shall improve the security in current 5G communication systems.

Secure LoRa Wireless Communication for Soldier Tracking with the help of Interfacing Two Arduino Uno Devices in Military Operations

In this paper, a Secured LoRa Wireless Communication for Soldier Tracking with the help of Interfacing Two Arduino Uno Devices in Military Operations is presented in brief. This segment introduces a robust and highly secure wireless communication system built upon Long-Range (LoRa) technology, tailored for military applications. The proposed system leverages Arduino microcontrollers to establish a dependable data link between two remote military units, ensuring energy-efficient communication across extended distances. We delve into the system's design, implementation, and encryption methodologies employed to fortify data security. Rigorous testing and evaluation substantiate the system's capability to fulfill the stringent requirements of military communications, including long-range coverage, resilience to interference, and data confidentiality. This research significantly advances military communication technologies, providing a practical solution for safeguarded and efficient data exchange between deployed units. While this paper primarily focuses on long-distance communication, it also delves into the field of Automotive Wireless Communication, specifically Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication, offering an introductory overview of the latter. The work carried out is the second semester mini-project by the students of Electronics & Communication Engineering under the guidance of the faculties.

A Comprehensive Survey on Machine Learning‐Based Intrusion Detection Systems for Secure Communication in Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a distributed system which is made up of the connections of smart objects (things) that can continuously sense the events in their sensing domain and transmit the data via the Internet. IoT is considered as the next revolution of the Internet since it has provided vast improvements in day‐to‐day activities of humans including the provision of efficient healthcare services and development of smart cities and intelligent transport systems. The IoT environment, by the application of suitable security mechanisms through efficient security management techniques, intrusion detection systems provide a wall of defence against the attacks on the Internet and on the devices connected with Internet by effective monitoring of the Internet traffic. Therefore, the intrusion detection system (IDS) is a resolution proposed by the researchers to monitor and secure the IoT communication. In this work, a meticulous analysis of the security of IoT networks based on quality‐of‐service metrics is performed for deploying intrusion detection systems by carrying out experiments on secured communication and measuring the network’s performance based on comparing them with the existing security metrics. Finally, we propose a new and effective IDS using a deep learning‐based classification approach, namely, fuzzy CNN, for improving the security of communication. The major and foremost advantages of this system include an upsurge in detection accuracy, the accurate detection of denial of service (DoS) attacks more efficiently, and the reduction of false positive rates.

A polar-switchable and controllable negative phototransistor for information encryption.

Anomalous negative phototransistors have emerged as a distinct research area, characterized by a decrease in channel current under light illumination. Recently, their potential applications have been expanded beyond photodetection. Despite the considerable attention given to negative phototransistors, negative photoconductance (NPC) in particular remains relatively unexplored, with limited research advancements as compared to well-established positive phototransistors. In this study, we designed ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) based on the WSe2/CIPS van der Waals (vdW) vertical heterostructures with a buried-gated architecture. The transistor exhibits NPC and positive photoconductance (PPC), demonstrating the significant role of ferroelectric polarization in the distinctive photoresponse. The observed inverse photoconductance can be attributed to the dynamic switching of ferroelectric polarization and interfacial charge transfer processes, which have been investigated experimentally and theoretically using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The unique phenomena enable the coexistence of controllable and polarity-switchable PPC and NPC. The novel feature holds tremendous potential for applications in optical encryption, where the specific gate voltages and light can serve as universal keys to achieve modulation of conductivity. The ability to manipulate conductivity in response to optical stimuli opens up new avenues for developing secure communication systems and data storage technologies. Harnessing this feature enables the design of advanced encryption schemes that rely on the unique properties of our material system. The study not only advances the development of NPC but also paves the way for more robust and efficient methods of optical encryption, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of critical information in various domains, including data transmission, and information security.

Common Encryption Key Generation and Secure Communication Using PDE Chaotic Synchronization

This paper deals with the topic related the application of observer for a 2 × 2 hyperbolic system to secure communication. The hyperbolic system has a form in which a nonlocal integral term is included in the boundary condition that causes chaotic phenomena. A weight function included in the nonlocal integral term serves as a common encryption key. In the system of this paper, it is easy to redesign the observer when changing the common encryption key. Taking advantage of this feature, the common encryption key is generated using another chaos synchronization. With such a system configuration, it is possible to make the previous secure communication system (Sano and Wakaiki, 2022) more secure. Finally, an application example to image encryption/decryption is shown, and the numerical simulation result is given.

Synchronization of Chaotic RCL Shunted-Josephson Junction Systems With Unknown Parametric Uncertainties: Applications to Secure Communication Systems

Synchronization of Chaotic RCL Shunted-Josephson Junction Systems With Unknown Parametric Uncertainties: Applications to Secure Communication Systems

A Method for Fast Synchronization of Chaotic Systems and Its Application to Chaos-based Secure Communication

Chaos theory is one of the fields of research that has many practical applications. An important application of chaos in communication is that it can be used for secure communication. To be able to use the chaotic signal in communication, we need to synchronize the chaotic signal between the receiver and the transmitter. In this paper, a sliding mode controller is proposed for global synchronization between two chaotic systems. The interesting point of this controller is that it can help reduce the synchronization time based on the selection of the appropriate gain parameter. This method has also been applied to a secure communication system with chaos masking. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

New Design of Secure Communication System Based on Dynamic Linear Receiver

In this paper, the design issues of the chaotic secure communication system will be scientifically explored. Based on time-domain analysis, a new secure communication system with dynamic linear receivers will be constructed. This secure communication system can not only make the error signal close to zero, but also can correctly calculate its exponential convergence rate. Finally, several numerical simulation results are proposed to illustrate the practicability and correctness of the main results.

NEW BARKER’s COMPOSITE CODES AS MODULATION SIGNALS IN BROADBAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Background. Currently noise-like signals (NLS) are widely used and provide high level of jamming immunity and security in broadband communication systems (BСS) when transmitting confidential information in an open radio channel, especially in emergencies. Increasing the efficiency of the NLS is possible when using more advanced code structures.
 Objective. The purpose of this research is to study new Barker’s composite codes as modulation signals in broadband communication systems.
 Method. Simulation modeling based on MatLab software package and analytical calculation methods are used.
 Results. Modeling in the MatLab software package showed the possibility for using new Barker’s composite codes as modulation signals in direct spread spectrum systems but efficiency depends on code words length as well as type synchronization signal.
 Conclusions. Analysis of research results shows that the new Barker composite codes 21a, 33a, 49, 77a, 121 can be effectively used as modulation code words in broadband systems with direct spectrum expansion.

Key Space Enhanced Correlated Random Bit Generation Based on Synchronized Electro-Optic Self-Feedback Loops with Mach–Zehnder Modulators

With the widespread application of big data, the amount of data transmitted through optical networks has been increasing dramatically. Correlated random bit generation (CRBG) is one of the key technologies in secure communication systems to ensure security performance and transmission efficiency. We propose and demonstrate a CRBG scheme based on a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) electro-optic feedback loop to improve the security and speed of communication systems. In this scheme, common-signal-induced synchronization is accomplished to generate wideband complex physical entropy sources, and a private hardware module is employed to perform post-processing and nonlinear transformation of the synchronized signal. The simulation results show that the effective bandwidth of the output chaotic signal is significantly increased to 27.76 GHz, and high-quality synchronization with a correlation coefficient of over 0.98 is reached. A high-rate CRBG of up to 5.3 Gb/s is successfully achieved between two synchronized wideband physical entropy sources, and the hardware key space is enhanced to ∼242, which greatly improves the privacy of physical entropy sources. The proposed scheme provides a promising approach for high-speed private CRBG, which is expected to be used in high-speed secure key distribution and optical communication systems.

Secure data rate maximization for full-duplex UAV-enabled base station

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an air base station featuring flexible deployment and mobility. It can significantly improve the communication quality of the system due to its line-of-sight channel connection with ground devices. However, due to the openness of UAV-to-Ground channels, the communication between ground users’ devices and UAV is easily eavesdropped. In this paper, we aim to improve the security of communication system by using full-duplex UAV as a mobile air base station. The UAV sends interference signals to eavesdroppers and receives signals from ground devices. We jointly optimize the scheduling between the UAV and ground devices, the transmission power of the UAV and ground devices, as well as the trajectory of the UAV to maximize the minimum average security communication data rate. This optimization problem is mixed with integers and non-convex expressions. Therefore, this problem is not a standard convex optimization problem, which can not be solved with standard methods. With this in mind, we propose an effective algorithm which solves this problem iteratively by applying Successive Convex Approximation (SCA), variable relaxation and substitution. Finally, numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.