Security Entities Research Articles

Functions of the Contemporary Family in the Aspect of Developing a Security Culture

The family is the target of interest for many scientific fields. The family is often defined as the basic social cell, irreplaceable and a fundamental element of every society. The purpose of this article is to attempt to place a family in three dimensions, in the aspect of three security pillars, as a security entity that is responsible for shaping and modelling a security culture. The aim of this article is to try to establish a family position in three dimensions, in the three pillars of security, as a security entity responsible for shaping and modelling a security culture. A culture of security is a continuous process in which the family as an entity acts in many fields and in many ways. This process is aimed at shaping the desired social attitudes, behaviors, norms and values and developing personality under the influence of many factors, events, experiences and beliefs. The article tries to confirm the thesis that the family is the foundation on which society is built and should be under special protection, with its security unconditionally belonging to the mainstream activities in every sphere of human life.

National, International and Legal Mechanisms of Control over the Activity of Non-Government Security Entities

The author of the article has studied the reasons for introducing a control mechanism over the activities of private security companies, which play an increasingly important role in the security sector worldwide. These companies by providing security services, directly influence the security, human rights and democratic order of the country. In this regard, it has been emphasized that the issues of legal regulation of the activities and responsibilities of private security companies are particularly important for society and the state.
 The importance of controlling private security companies and security services is conditioned by the particularities of the services provided by these entities. Private security companies in the course of their activities can apply physical force, special means (in some countries even firearms) to citizens, carry out their detention, which in turn can cause degrading treatment and physical suffering. Further privatization and outsourcing in the security sector has led to a significant expansion of this area and increased risks of human rights and freedoms’ violations.
 The author has stated that the purpose of control over the activity of non-government entities in the field of security and safety is to prevent deviations from the established order of state security and public order protection, prevention, detection and termination of actions that harm the protected state interests. The need to strengthen this control is due to two main aspects: 1) there is a need to raise the standards of corporate governance in the field of non-governmental protection of human rights; 2) there is a more general tendency to regulate the behavior of all business structures regarding human rights in all areas of their activities. The author has distinguished four possible ways to influence private security companies: national legal systems and courts; corporate norms; international and regional voluntary initiatives; international and legal regulation.

A network security entity recognition method based on feature template and CNN-BiLSTM-CRF

By network security threat intelligence analysis based on a security knowledge graph (SKG), multi-source threat intelligence data can be analyzed in a fine-grained manner. This has received extensive attention. It is difficult for traditional named entity recognition methods to identify mixed security entities in Chinese and English in the field of network security, and there are difficulties in accurately identifying network security entities because of insufficient features extracted. In this paper, we propose a novel FT-CNN-BiLSTM-CRF security entity recognition method based on a neural network CNN-BiLSTM-CRF model combined with a feature template (FT). The feature template is used to extract local context features, and a neural network model is used to automatically extract character features and text global features. Experimental results showed that our method can achieve an F-score of 86% on a large-scale network security dataset and outperforms other methods.

Uma proposta de inovação no processo de auditoria dos regimes próprios de previdência social pelos tribunais de contas

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de inovação no controle externo dos regimes próprios de previdência social municipais, uma vez que a fiscalização de todos os tribunais de contas sobre esses entes previdenciários se restringe a uma verificação cartorial (principalmente das certidões de regularidade previdenciária, emitidas pelo Ministério da Previdência e Assistência Social, e a análise contábil dos elementos contidos nas prestações de contas anuais). A proposta, por metodologia específica (expressões de cálculos atuariais, tabelas biométricas e premissas atuariais geralmente aceitas) tem como base os registros de idade, sexo, data de nascimento, data de ingresso no serviço público e valor de vencimentos mensais a serem encaminhados aos tribunais objetivando a elaboração das demonstrações atuariais: Demonstrativo do Resultado da Avaliação Atuarial, Fluxo de Caixa Atuarial, Nota Técnica Atuarial e Balanço Atuarial apurando o resultado atuarial e, em caso de deficit, apontar a forma de provisionamento (amortização), visando o seu equilíbrio atuarial e confrontá-los com demonstrativos contratados e emitidos pelos regimes próprios de previdência social (RPPS), uma vez que, segundo Da Silva, a apuração dos resultados atuariais não traduz a realidade atuarial. Os demonstrativos retro mencionados poderão ser encaminhados aos gestores dos regimes próprios de previdências sociais como relatórios gerenciais para que eles tenham uma diretriz dos seus resultados: custo atuarial, apuração do resultado atuarial e a forma de amortização dos resultados deficitários.

ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ: ТЕОРІЯ ТА ПРАКТИКА

The article discusses the existing approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "economic security of the enterprise" and conducts a retrospective analysis of conceptual approaches to the definition of this concept, identifies the main functional components of the economic security of enterprises adequate to modern realities. Particular attention is required to the issues of economic security of agricultural enterprises, the specific nature of which requires the establishment of a mechanism of double adaptation to economic and climatic conditions. It is noted that the economic security system of an enterprise is a subject and a control object and requires: a description of the control object, formalization of the goals of the control object existence, determination of the set of criteria for managing the object, design and creation of a control system that can minimize losses and provide protection against internal and external threats. The economic security system of an enterprise should be considered as a structured set of interconnected elements of external and internal security entities, their functionality, economic security policies, organizational structure, strategies and tactics, principles and methods aimed at ensuring the functioning of the enterprise and capable of countering internal and external threats.

Ukrainian Society and the Illicit Proliferation of Firearms as a Threat to Public Safety

Ukrainian society is being militarised, among other things, because of the noticeable transformation of the socio-political processes. At present, one of the priorities of the Ukrainian state and society is to ensure security in important spheres of life of every human being and citizen. The areas at risk include, inter alia, constitutional rights and the freedoms of man and citizen, religious, moral, ethical, cultural, historical, intellectual and material values, informational values, as well as the constitutional system, sovereignty, territorial integrity and the inviolability of Ukraine’s borders. The article has been developed as part of an international research project: Reaction of European security entities to threats related to the use of firearms, hazardous materials and instruments in public places ( IBiPP-4/2013/P/JT) by a team of Ukrainian authors of the Lviv State University of the Internal Affairs. The authors believe that the illegal circulation of firearms in Ukraine is currently becoming one of the most serious problems. The counter-terrorism operation (ATO) in Donbass promotes the illegal proliferation of firearms. The number of crimes and cases associated with the use of arms is increasing according to the number of armed citizens throughout the country. The state of the normative and legal regulation of firearms circulation in Ukraine is unsatisfactory, due to the lack of legislative regulations concerning their acquisition, storage, carrying and use for self-defence. According to the authors, there is a need to activate further research aimed at developing regulations and practical recommendations for the regulation of administrative and legal rights of citizens to self-defence and to use firearms. Particular attention should be paid to the transparency of the rules on the procedure for the authorisation of firearms.

The Role and Place of Private Companies Offering People and Property Protection Services in the Slovak Internal Security System

The paper discusses the role and place of private companies offering services related to people and property protection in the Slovak internal security system. The paper outlines the Slovak system of internal security, its institutions, entities and formations and presents organizational and legal basis for functioning of private security entities in the Slovak Republic. Additionally, the paper presents procedures of applying for a license which entitles the holder to start a business in the security sector and to perform tasks written down in the catalogue of services for private security industry. The text is completed with statistics related to the activities of private security companies with respect to security and public order in Slovakia. The paper was prepared as a part of a research and innovation project within operational project Horizon (2020-FCT-2015, No: 700688) Understand the Dimensions of Organized Crime and Terrorist Networks for Developing Effective and Efficient Security Solutions for First-line-practitioners and Professionals.

Поняття та структура адмiнiстративно-правового забезпечення оборони держави

The article deals with modern scientific approaches to the definition and understanding of the structure of administrative-legal support for state defense. The elements of the structure of the administrative-legal support of the state defense are explored. Under the administrative-legal support of the state should be understood as regulated by administrative-legal norms, the systemic activity of the subjects of defense, in the first place, the activities of the subjects of public administration, with regard to the administrative- legal regulation, implementation, protection of social relations in the sphere of defense, guaranteeing the rights and legitimate interests of all subjects of legal relations, aimed at creating the necessary conditions for the defense of the state in the event of armed aggression. At the same time, the structure of the administrative-legal support for the defense of the state will consist of the following elements: 1) the object of administrative-legal support of the state defense – social relations in the field of defense that penetrate practically all spheres of public life; 2) subjects of administrative-legal support for state defense – subjects of administrative legal relations are endowed with rights and duties in the field of defense; 3) norms of law (norms of administrative law) – administrative-legal norms which regulate public relations in the field of state defense; 4) administrative-legal relations in the field of state defense – legal relationships settled by administrative and legal regulations that arise, develop, and cease between the subjects of defense in the process of exercising powers in the field of state defense; 5) guarantees of administrative-legal support of state defense – conditions, means, methods, forms and methods by which the implementation of public relations in the field of state defense is provided. The administrative-legal support of the state defense will be carried out by authorized security entity within the limits of authority and administrative and legal means determined by the norms of administrative law.

Paving the Way for Quality PreK–5 Language Programs

Paving the Way for Quality PreK–5 Language Programs Nadine Jacobsen-McLean Keywords bilingual education/educación bilingüe, dual language/dos lenguas, early language learning/aprendizaje de idiomas en escuela primaria, immersion/imersión, teaching and learning/enseñanza y aprendizaje, Seal of Biliteracy Response 2 to "Realizing the Vision of Quality PreK–5 Spanish Language Programs: A Longitudinal Perspective" The intention of Audrey L. Heining-Boynton's essay is to take a look back at the early beginnings of language programs and provide a vision for high-quality programs for the future. Building upon the themes in Heining-Boynton's essay, a comprehensive review of the advances in the field of early language learning continues to invite further research and inquiry. According to Abbott et al. (2014), the United States can provide "100% of learners in the US education system with exposure to international perspectives, culture, and/or language, in order to inform lifelong decisions about work and learning, and to support language and international efforts broadly in society" (256). In attempts to make this vision a reality, Abbott et al. envision a collaborative effort by which nonprofits collectively act, "in a grassroots effort in collaboration with the national security entities in the federal government and the economic interest in state governments" (259). Grassroots initiatives like the Seal of Biliteracy address concerns such as appropriate learner objectives, desired proficiency outcomes, and developing and maintaining support among stakeholders. This initiative began as an award for high school students who have attained proficiency in two or more languages; however, the Seal of Biliteracy has now expanded to dual language immersion programs at the elementary and middle school levels (see sealofbiliteracy.org). The Seal of Biliteracy is open to both native English speakers who have attained a predetermined level of proficiency in an additional language and to English language learners who have retained their native language or developed their heritage language. As acknowledged in a joint policy statement between the US Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Education, the majority school age, dual language learners come from homes where Spanish is the primary spoken language ("Fact Sheet" 2016). This policy statement also suggests that not recognizing a child's culture and language as an asset may contribute to the achievement gap. In 2014, nine states had adopted the Seal of Biliteracy. At the time of this submission, at least 27 states have adopted the the Seal of Biliteracy which is often awarded at special ceremonies. This emphasizes the value of proficiency in another language. The Seal of Biliteracy raises the bar from just something to be completed to one that recognizes language acquisition as a skill. In order to meet the demand of qualified language teachers, candidates must demonstrate advanced proficiency in the language that can be only achieved by a native speaker or by immersion learners. The number of immersion schools is rising in states like New York, Utah, Delaware, and North Carolina. In 2015, the National Network for Early Language Learning (NNELL) presented New York City Schools Chancellor Carmen Fariña with the NNELL Award [End Page 165] for Outstanding Support of Early Second Language Learning ("Awards" 2015). Fariña created 40 dual language programs in 2015, with more programs planned; she claims parents are driving the push for the programs ("Chancellor Fariña Announces Programs" 2016). According to Gregg Roberts, the World Language Specialist for the Utah Office of Education, Utah plans to add 20 to 25 more dual language schools per school year as dual immersion programs have increased from 1,400 students in 25 schools in 2009 to 29,000 students in 138 schools in 2016 (qtd. in Wood 2016). As part of Governor Jack Markell's World Language Expansion Initiative, Delaware hopes to reach nearly 10,000 students in K–8 immersion programs by 2022 ("World Language Immersion Expands" 2015). Thomas and Collier (2012) claim dual language schools in North Carolina are so popular with English-speaking parents that there is a waiting list at each school for admission (69). As North Carolina implements and expands bilingual immersion programs, Thomas and Collier outlined the implementation process as well as research and...

Indikatori ekonomske bezbednosti - osvrt na Republiku Srbiju

To achieve the security objectives and legally defined competence of the state, it is impossible without adequate economic resources. This means that economic resources are the basis of the economic and, therefore, national security of the country. By monitoring and evaluating economic indicators it becomes clear what the results of the work of the national economy are and what is expected of them. In addition, it provides feedback on the risks and threats to the likelihood of adverse economic events, that is, threats to trigger crises in the economic and political stability of a country. Evaluation of the movement of economic indicators, serves for making quality decisions in the field of strategic planning of the use of economic resources of importance for the security sector. It establishes the general and individual plans and objectives of the security entities.

Property and personal security companies as an important element of the national security system

<i>Th e author presents the results of research carried out in property and personal security companies. Th e research was carried out both on the basis of a theoretical method based on qualitative analysis of legal acts, critical analysis of scientifi c literature as well as the empirical method consisting of using research tools such as questionnaires and expert interviews. Th e research came up with a positive answer to the question: Is it possible to increase the participation of property and personal security companies in ensuring public safety in Poland?</i><br><br> <i>Th e author believes that it is necessary to create a symbiotic formal and legal system that determines the use of human resources in broadly considered state security and in the process of implementing the objectives of national security policy by all levels of government either, state, local or private.</i><br><br> <i>Th e author notes that enhancing the effi ciency of security entities is possible, inter alia, through continuous technological development and the exchange of knowledge between national security entities and the authorities responsible for managing security through regulation. According to him, the exchange of knowledge, experience and information between the public and private sectors, and the implementation of best practices in the fi eld of security for day-to-day practice, improves the eff ectiveness of security policy. One such preventive measure is the creation of a formal and legal basis for conducting a security policy based on an integrated system of exploitation of experience, in which all entities responsible for the security of the Republic of Poland participate.</i><br><br> <i>Th is publication indicates the direction of action that the author believes should be taken to make better use of the private security sector in the state security system.</i>

Configuring a Trusted Cloud Service Model for Smart City Exploration Using Hybrid Intelligence

Emerging research concerns about the authenticated cloud service with high performance of security and assuring trust for distributed clients in a smart city. Cloud services are deployed by the third-party or web-based service providers. Thus, security and trust would be considered for every layer of cloud architecture. The principle objective of cloud service providers is to deliver better services with assurance of trust about clients' information. Cloud's users recurrently face different security challenges about the use of sharable resources. It is really difficult for Cloud Service Provider for adapting varieties of security policies to sustain their enterprises' goodwill. To make an optimistic decision that would be better suitable to provide a trusted cloud service for users' in smart city. Statistical method known as Multivariate Normal Distribution is used to select different attributes of different security entities for developing the proposed model. Finally, fuzzy multi objective decision making and Bio-Inspired Bat algorithm are applied to achieve the objective.

Comprehensive Approach to the Asymmetric Endangerment of National Critical Infrastructure

Contemporary global security moment are characterized by great interaction of national and supra-national security structure, the interdependence of national, regional and multilateral forms of higher security integration. However, the role of the state as a single security entity in international relations remains a crucial and indispensable role in the broadest observation security organization. Also, in the contemporary global security paradigm, actualization of asymmetric forms of endangering state security should not be overlooked. The arising question is: How much individual country, especially those in transition process, could comprehensively respond to the current form of asymmetric national security threats to critical infrastructure? Moreover, South East Europe (SEE), or even closer, Western Balkan region, is the part of European continent that we can, by historically overlook, analyzing as the cradle and arena of complex, escalating conflicts. All of them are concluded by the mediation of third part, usually through the negotiation and bargaining of the “big players” on the world’s stage. In this region, the nation’s looking for their own national paradigms, which are often in correlation with the interests of global powers. The beginning of the twenty-first century reflects a significant aspiration of all countries in this part of Europe for development of partnership and allied relations toward of contemporary security risks and threats. Acknowledging the declarations and growing bilateral and multilateral cooperation in the field of security and defense, yet, the questions arises as: Whether states of Southeast Europe identify same security risks and threats? Do they have a unanimous opinion of the potential ways of the vulnerability of critical national infrastructure? Do they share the perception that the security of Southeast Europe are equally nationally as well as common regional issue? The complexity and multifaceted of named questions leads to necessity of a comprehensive approach to the analysis of forms of potential endangering elements of national critical infrastructure which are crucial for security. In addition, particular attention should be paid to unconventional, asymmetric forms of national security jeopardizing and their potential endangering effects on elements of national critical infrastructure. In this paper authors offer the possible overlook of the cross analysis of asymmetrical endangering of national critical infrastructure of Western Balkan countries, as part of SEE. In paper authors use comparative analysis of contemporary approach to the concept of asymmetric security threats, through the prism of particular states perception of endangering forms regarding their national critical infrastructure.

Informal Security Groups as Social Non-Movement in Indonesia: Case of Buru Jejak in Central Lombok

This essay discusses vigilante groups in relation to access for rights to security, particularly in Central Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Vigilante groups are defined as 'informal security groups' to distinguish them from formal security entities owned by the state such as the police and military. I propose an alternative interpretation toward the existence of informal security groups that is different from mainstream explanation. Most of the literatures have a strong tendency to categorize informal security groups merely as antagonist actors and a predatory element in the process of democratization in Indonesia. By referencing Asef Bayat’s notion of social non-movement, I argue that informal security group, in Lombok particularly, is one way ordinary people seek to improve their quality of life when security and access to justice are not available, resulting in a blurred line between legal and illegal activity. However, these groups are susceptible to be used by the local elites to achieve particular political interests. This research used qualitative methods, including interviews and archival research.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПРИНЦИПІВ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ НАГЛЯДОВИХ РАД В СИСТЕМІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

One of improving corporate governance is to increase the efficiency of its internal mechanisms, including the person deserves attention supervisory board. Revealed that ensure economic security entity is a complex economic, organizational, informational, analytical and methodical task to create favorable conditions for economic activity of the entity. It was determined that one of the following conditions are and effectiveness of corporate governance. The principles of formation of the Supervisory Board and the need to transform its core competencies in connection with the movement of the corporation for the stages of the life cycle. Identified the need for a gradual transition from the simple structure of the Supervisory Board in a more complex through the settlement of conflicts that arise in the management. Developing mechanisms for the formation and functioning of the Supervisory Board proposed to use a number of principles of internal interaction of board members.

МЕХАНІЗМ УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ТА ЙОГО ОСНОВНІ СКЛАДОВІ

У статті розглянуто сутність фінансово-економічної безпеки та її місце в системі економічної безпеки підприємства. Досліджено механізм управління фінансово-економічною безпекою підприємства, визначено структуру і зміст його основних складових, дано їх загальну характеристику. Обґрунтовано, що виконання завдань і функцій системи фінансово-економічної безпеки здійснюється у разі дотримання певних принципів та застосування ряду методів управління фінансово-економічною безпекою підприємства.

A Case Study on Converged Security with Event Correlation of Physical and Information Security

Today’s security initiatives have encouraged incorporation of physical security and information security into converged security for greater effectiveness and capabilities. However, efforts for converging security have largely limited to the issues of the organizational structure with respect to streamlining processes and abstract frameworks for security management. To go beyond just a buzz word of converged security, it should be necessary to bring significant technical merits from this convergence. In this work, we consider “event correlations” that examine any associations between events coming from the above two distinctive worlds to provide greater capabilities for preventing unauthorized access to high-security computers, as a tangible step towards convergence of security. For this purpose, we introduce our approach using event categorization that maps physical events to a finite number of classes (five) instead of considering event types individually for feasibility, and also show how to define correlation rules with the categories. In addition, we present our prototype system that implements the incorporation of two typical physical security entities: a door/gate access control and a video surveillance system. Our exploration presented in this paper would be beneficial for guiding future development of a diverse range of converged security functions.

Hadoop-Based Healthcare Information System Design and Wireless Security Communication Implementation

Human health information from healthcare system can provide important diagnosis data and reference to doctors. However, continuous monitoring and security storage of human health data are challenging personal privacy and big data storage. To build secure and efficient healthcare application, Hadoop-based healthcare security communication system is proposed. In wireless biosensor network, authentication and key transfer should be lightweight. An ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) based lightweight digital signature and key transmission method are proposed to provide wireless secure communication in healthcare information system. Sunspot wireless sensor nodes are used to build healthcare secure communication network; wireless nodes and base station are assigned different tasks to achieve secure communication goal in healthcare information system. Mysql database is used to store Sunspot security entity table and measure entity table. Hadoop is used to backup and audit the Sunspot security entity table. Sqoop tool is used to import/export data between Mysql database and HDFS (Hadoop distributed file system). Ganglia is used to monitor and measure the performance of Hadoop cluster. Simulation results show that the Hadoop-based healthcare architecture and wireless security communication method are highly effective to build a wireless healthcare information system.

Changes in quality of care and costs induced by implementation of a diabetes program in a social security entity of Argentina.

PurposeTo measure the impact of a diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors program implemented in a social security institution upon short- and long-term clinical/metabolic outcomes and costs of care.MethodsObservational longitudinal cohort analysis of clinical/metabolic data and resource use of 300 adult male and female program participants with diabetes before (baseline) and 1 and 3 years after implementation of the program. Data were obtained from clinical records (Qualidiab) and the administration’s database.ResultsThe implementation of the program in “real world” conditions resulted in an immediate and sustainable improvement of the quality of care provided to people with diabetes incorporated therein. We also recorded a more appropriate oral therapy prescription for hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), as well as a decrease of events related to chronic complications. This improvement was associated with an increased use of diagnostic and therapeutic resources, particularly those related to pharmacy prescriptions, not specifically used for the control of hyperglycemia and other CVRFs.ConclusionThe implementation of a diabetes program in real-world conditions results in a significant short- and long-term improvement of the quality of care provided to people with diabetes and other CVRFs, but simultaneously increased the use of resources and the cost of diagnostic and therapeutic practices. Since controlled studies have shown improvement in quality of care without increasing costs, our results suggest the need to include management-control strategies in these programs for appropriate medical and administrative feedback to ensure the simultaneous improvement of clinical outcomes and optimization of the use of resources.

Climate change and the military in China, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States

National security agencies of four major powers—the United States, Russia, China, and the United Kingdom—see their militaries taking on additional roles in domestic disaster relief because of the effects of global climate change. Otherwise, national security actors show drastically different responses to climate change. The US and Russian militaries are planning for a thawing of the Arctic; but outside the Arctic, Russia seems not to regard climate change as a serious national security issue. The United States, the United Kingdom, and China are studying the effect of rising sea levels on coastal military installations; Russia apparently is not. The United States and the United Kingdom have begun significant efforts to cut energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, but because of low domestic energy prices, the Russian military has few incentives to reduce energy consumption or increase alternative energy use. And out of deference to the government’s official position that climate change is a development rather than security issue, China’s military has largely limited its climate-related activities to mass tree planting and disaster relief. Regardless of their positions on climate change, national security entities in these four countries are not expressing much urgency or taking aggressive stands, in part due to the paucity of established knowledge about the connection between a warming climate and national security.