Sectoral Context Research Articles

Do their reputations precede them? Stock market reaction to changes in corporate reputation in the context of sector and market maturity

Our study extends the existing literature by examining whether the stock market’s maturity and the sector in which a company operates affect the relationship between an improvement in its corporate reputation and its stock returns. This event-study research is based on data from developed and emerging stock markets: the NYSE (US) and the WSE (Poland). The improvement in corporate reputation is proxied by its inclusion in a reputational index. We analysed inclusions in the RESPECT Index and WIG-ESG in Poland from 2009 to 2023. Then we compared the effects of inclusions on stock prices in the Polish market and the US market, in which the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) was applied. Our findings suggest that in the emerging Polish market, significant reaction to inclusion in the index persists even when the sectoral circumstances are considered. Contrarily, in the developed US market, the strong positive effect of inclusion disappears in the sectoral context. Hence, significant returns may not be driven by the inclusion in a reputational index but rather result from other events that affect the particular sector.

ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ В СИСТЕМЕ ЗАЩИТНЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРА

This article discusses the issue of the system of protective measures at enterprises of the agricultural sector. Energy plays a key role in farming. The cultivation of crops is based on the conversion of solar energy into biomass. Energy flows are located between two worlds: although energy is a strategic component of the economy, it is also a thermodynamic state variable for describing ecosystems. This situation once again highlights the need to analyze energy flows in agricultural systems. There is a wide variety of approaches used to calculate farm-scale energy flows. This analysis highlights the lack of clear definition of system boundaries in farm-scale research. In addition, most of the research is mainly devoted to socio-economic flows in the sectoral context. However, internal biomass flows, which play a role in maintaining the functionality of the agroecosystem, can also be considered in accordance with a circular/systemic perspective. Thus, some recommendations are given for conducting an exhaustive energy assessment of farming systems, as well as for future research directions. An attempt has been made to conceptualize the implementation of energy expertise in the system of protective measures of the agro-industrial complex enterprise against pests (insects, rodents, birds). The separation of energy in the working part into calculated consumption and losses is proposed, with the transfer of this division to energy consumption and energy intensity of products. Thus, using this method gives a figure of the real value of energy efficiency. This eliminates the uncertainty of the traditional calculation of the energy intensity of products. It also allows for energy expertise of design and technological solutions and to obtain correct information about energy needs. Material products made from raw materials acquire, through the influence of energy, those properties that determine their need in the market. These properties and qualities are given to raw materials in a process called energy technology. There are basically two formulations of the technological process. According to the first, the technological process is a sequence and a set of operations, according to the second, more capacious and arising from the content of the term itself, technology is the science of ways to influence the material, allowing to optimize this effect. The first definition refers more to the organization and structure of production.

Prerequisites and Criteria for the Development of a Foreign Trade Classifi er of the Eff ectiveness of Government Support Measures for the Export Activities

The presented work opens a series of articles devoted to the development of a classifier of measures of state support for exports, distributed by industry. The fi rst part of this section of this work includes a review of approaches, methods and results of assessing the export potential of states and mechanisms of state support for the country’s exports. To this end, this work reviewed studies that presented approaches to increasing the export potential of states, as well as the mechanism for their application. In addition, this section of this work examines the structure of exports of a number of countries, which also forms the necessary prerequisites for the formation of approaches to assessing the export potential presented in the sectoral context. The second part of the work is devoted to mechanisms of state support for exports. The third part of this work presents an overview of foreign experience. This article examined the theoretical aspects of the study of mechanisms of state support for the country’s exports, which made it possible to formulate the following prerequisites for the formation of a classifi er of measures of state support for the country’s exports: 1. The presented classifi er must be highly specialized, which will allow, based on the patterns formulated in the context of individual product groups, to describe promising areas of export and import supplies, taking into account the mechanisms of state support for exports proposed for each group of countries. 2. The proposed classifier must have not only qualitative, but also quantitative certainty, which will allow assessing the effectiveness of government support mechanisms for exports in the context of the product groups under study. 3. As indicators used within the proposed model of state support for exports, it is planned to use groups of indicators presented in the study by P. Cavers in the form of filters.

Multi-system interactions in hydrogen-based sector coupling projects: System entanglers as key actors

In advanced transition processes sector coupling becomes key to reach net zero objectives. The literature on multi-system interactions addresses the coupling of different systems by analysing how technologies, institutions, and actors connect. Our contribution zooms in on better understanding the concrete activities and characteristics of actors who work to integrate different systems. It is crucial to understand how actors realise the integration of sectors as the coupling represents a major bottleneck in accelerating transition processes. To identify their activities, we build on the recently established concept of transition work, which adapts the institutional work framework for use in the analysis of transition processes and link it to the concept of ‘system entanglers’. System entanglers are actors who connect different systems. Empirically, we apply our conceptual framework to three qualitative case studies of hydrogen-based sector coupling projects within mobility, heating, and industry in Germany. We find that for system entanglers cross-sectoral competencies and learning, as well as fostering between-system links, are key to connect different systems. We identify further key characteristics of system entanglers and discuss how the sectoral context, the constellation of actors in projects, and the self-perception of the respective actors matter.

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ КРЕДИТНО-ФИНАНСОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ СУБЪЕКТОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that for any state, the development of the financial and credit system is an important factor determining economic growth, expanding potential opportunities and improving the standard of living of the population. The development of the financial system in Russia takes place in the context of complex macroeconomic changes, which are associated with both the global processes of adjusting the conditions of economic activity, and with the internal problems of stagnation of national economic development. The purpose of the research is to assess the potential of the credit and financial system at the level of the regions of the Russian Federation. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the dialectical method. The systemic and institutional approaches, analytical, cartographic and statistical methods were also applied in the work. Results. The financial and credit potential of regions is formed in the course of activity and development of state, municipal, corporate and private financial organizations, and household budgets. There is a lack of financial resources in Russia, which has a huge impact on the development of financial relations between economic entities. As a result of the assessment the following groups of Russia’s regions are identified by the potential of the credit and financial system: regions with high, medium, below average and low potential of the credit and financial sector. Conclusions. The regional structure of the Russian Federation is characterized by differentiated groups of regions. They differ in the scale of financial and credit potential in the sectoral context. The leaders are large financial centres (Moscow and St. Petersburg), regions with raw material exports (the Khanty-Mansi autonomous district, the Tyumen region, the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous district) and some industrial regions (the Republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan, the Perm Krai, the Samara and Sverdlovsk oblasts). Agrarian regions have the least financial potential, with the exception of the Krasnodar Krai.

On the issue of national security: assessment of Finland’s mobilization experience in connection with joining NATO

The mobilization readiness of the state and the effective and sufficient measures preceding it for planning mobilization training at all levels of government, in the sectoral context of the Russian economy, Russian society and an individual citizen in modern foreign policy conditions, conditions of foreign economic sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation from many, primarily Western European countries and the United States and the conduct of a special military operation in Ukraine are becoming the most important a factor of national security. The modern geopolitical process is also characterized by an increasingly aggressive policy of the NATO military bloc, which is rapidly moving towards the borders of the Russian Federation, which raises the urgency of the problems of vulnerability and the real creation of an unstable situation on Russia’s western borders. Russian scientists have repeatedly noted in their publications the high mobilization efficiency of the Russian state in crucial historical periods of its development, the ability to mobilize society and citizens of the country. Mobilization in emergency circumstances was a common thing in the Russian national tradition. However, today the Russian Federation is once again facing real threats to its statehood and national security. Practical measures in the system of mobilization planning and mobilization, which are solved daily at all levels of government and public administration, local self-government, enterprises and organizations of the industrial complex of the country need a deeper and more thorough analysis, reflection, development of measures and effective solutions in order to improve mobilization planning.

Overcoming the barriers to women's career in information and communication technology business

PurposeThe paper focusses on the intrapersonal vs environmental barriers to women's career advancement to the top leadership positions in the information and communication technology (ICT) business and envisages the individual, organisational as well as societal practices for overcoming such barriers in the given sector.Design/methodology/approachThe study relies on the qualitative research method of expert interviews with top-level women managers in the leading ICT companies in Lithuania. The study allowed identifying and structuring the key barriers to women's careers and three-level practices for overcoming them.FindingsThe research has shown that the key intrapersonal barriers are related to the lack of self-confidence and perceived glass ceiling. The main environmental barriers are male domination and socially gendered professions. The practices for overcoming women's career barriers can be categorised into three levels – individual, organisational and societal. The study has shown that the most important individual practices are the ability to continuously self-educate and self-affirmation. On the organisational level, the following key practices can be applied: mentorship and inclusive company culture. The societal practices for improving women's career advancement in ICT are mainly represented by the visibility of successful leaders as role models and initiatives increasing awareness for an inclusive society.Research limitations/implicationsThe research limitations are largely related to the research sample selected for the qualitative research (interviews). The respondents are already established in the top leadership positions, so may only have a retrospective view on the obstacles to the respondents' careers. A larger sample could provide a more generalisable data, whilst a larger number of interview participants for preselected categories, like company category or tenure in a position, would provide insights on the different stages of career growth and company's influence for the individual's growth. The authors encourage extending research to other sectoral and national contexts.Practical implicationsThe research sets out the key barriers that can be overcome with the help of individual, organisational and societal practices. This provides a comprehensive list of practices that can be adopted by the organisations (in the ICT and beyond), as well as the policy makers on the societal level.Social implicationsAddressing the issues of gender balance and women's career advancement in one of the fastest growing industries (ICT) has profound social implications. Qualitative research has shown how the barriers can be overcome at different levels of the social system.Originality/valueThe paper marks one of the first attempts to introduce a three-level approach to addressing the intrapersonal and environmental barriers to the advancement of women's careers with a particular focus on the ICT sectoral context.

Technological sovereignty as a tool for ensuring the sustainable development of the region's economy under sanctions

Achieving technological sovereignty is the most important strategic task to ensure the sustainability of the Russian economy at the present stage. The sanctions imposed against Russia significantly affect the possibility of replenishing fixed assets with the best samples of foreign equipment. The federal structure of the country determines the high importance of the regions in achieving the technological sovereignty of the country. Therefore, the topic of ensuring technological sovereignty seems very timely. The article examines technological sovereignty as a tool for ensuring the sustainable development of the region's economy under sanctions. To do this, an analysis of imports was carried out on the example of the Samara region, showing the «bottlenecks» of fixed assets in the sectoral context. The author shows the expediency of a differentiated approach to the policy of ensuring technological sovereignty. Two types of technological sovereignty policy are proposed. The first type has an adaptive character and is aimed at ensuring economic security and maintaining the technological level of production. The second type of technological sovereignty policy is designed to create promising foundations for international competitiveness in the production of equipment and products. It is shown that the Russian Government, by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 603 dated 04/15/2023, lays an important organizational and preferential basis for the practical implementation of projects to ensure technological sovereignty in the Russian regions. It is concluded that innovation clusters are an important advantage for regions in ensuring technological sovereignty. It is noted that world-class scientific and educational centers can be of strategic importance, since a powerful potential of competencies in key branches of science, technology, and economics has been created on their basis.

Mobilization readiness of the state: issues of theory and practice

The mobilization readiness of the state and the effective and sufficient measures preceding it for planning mobilization training at all levels of government, in the sectoral context of the Russian economy, Russian society and an individual citizen in modern foreign policy conditions, conditions of foreign economic sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation from many, primarily Western European countries and the United States and the conduct of a special military operation in Ukraine are becoming the most important a factor of national security. The modern geopolitical process is also characterized by the increasingly aggressive policy of the NATO military bloc, which is rapidly moving towards the borders of the Russian Federation, which raises the urgency of the problems of vulnerability and the real creation of an unstable situation on Russia’s western borders. Georgia has also recently been characterized by an unstable political situation, the goal of which has already been announced by many military experts and political scientists in the media to create a second front against the Russian Federation. Acts of international terrorism, sabotage, attempts to destabilize the situation in Crimea, incessant killings of civilians in the DPR and LPR, regular shelling of Russian border territories — Belgorod, Kursk and Bryansk regions — continue.In such conditions, not only strategic planning of mobilization measures becomes relevant, but also mobilization as an operational process.

To the Question of the Relevance of Statistics of Information and Communication Technologies in the Context of the Digital Transformation of the Economy

Purpose of the study. The process of qualitative transformation of the economy under the influence of information and communication technologies is called digital transformation. The change of the economic paradigm in the technocratic context raises the question of whether the existing statistical methodology can still be applied objectively and effectively to the study of the subject area in the new conditions. The purpose of the article is to assess the relevance of statistics in the field of information and communication technologies as an information source for analyzing the digital transformation of the economy, taking into account its industry specifics.Materials and methods. To clarify the depth of this problem, there seems to be no better way than to carry out an analysis using statistical data collected and published by the Federal State Statistics Service. As statistical tools, descriptive statistics indexes are used to describe particular indicators, one of the methods of multivariate statistical analysis for obtaining a classification according to a number of characteristics (cluster hierarchical analysis) and, finally, a method for calculating an integral index that can rank the units of the analyzed population formed according to the type of economic activities (18 units), simultaneously for all of its constituent indicators.Results. The system of statistical indexes formed during the analysis included four thematic groups of indexes: a) IT infrastructure and access to it; b) the level and direction of use of IT services; c) availability and qualifications of IT specialists; d) information security. The calculation of descriptive statistics showed that all groups (with the exception of indexes of the presence and qualifications of IT specialists) are homogeneous; comparison of the values of the arithmetic mean and the median does not make it possible to declare any significant asymmetry in their distribution. Cluster hierarchical analysis was carried out by the Ward method using the Minkowski metric, which made it possible to obtain two approximately equal in size industry clusters and one mono-cluster, consisting of a type of activity in the field of information and communication. The resulting grouping, however, could not definite answer the question of the priority of some industries over others in the digital transformation of their constituent organizations. To solve this problem, an integral index was developed, which included the most significant indexes of each of the groups (selected by experts). As a result of calculating the values of this integral index based on the arithmetic weighted average, a ranked series was obtained, transformed into a typological grouping, the leader of which is activity in the field of information and communication, the outsider is agriculture. An analysis of this grouping made it possible to draw a very curious conclusion: in general, in the analyzed set of types of economic activity, there is a clear trend or dependence - the closer the industry is to the sphere of material production, the lower its inherent value of the integral index of digital transformation.Conclusion. The analysis carried out convincingly showed the significant possibilities of information and communication technology statistics as an information source for analyzing the process of digital transformation of the economy in the sectoral context. At the same time, the dynamism of the analyzed subject area determines the prerequisites for revising the system of statistical indexes in order to update it and increase the efficiency of publishing the results of surveys in the field of information and communication technologies

Approaches to measuring the material endowment of Russian science

The article highlights approaches to assessing the state of the material and technical base of Russian science. The system of indicators used by Russian statistics on the basis of reports collected by the Federal State Statistics Service is considered. Data presentation formats are highlighted. The dynamics of the cost of fixed assets in current and constant prices of 2010 is analysed. The assessment of the distribution of fixed assets of research and development in the sectoral context is given. The dynamics of the cost of the active part of fixed assets with the allocation of their part under the age of five years is analysed. The dynamics of the stock and technical equipment per employee and per researcher is given. The volume and structure of capital expenditures in the regional context have been studied. The ratings of the regions in terms of capital expenditures per scientific organisation are constructed.

Identification of vulnerable zones of the formation of region’s public finances under sanctions restrictions

The article is devoted to the problem of identifying vulnerable areas for the formation and use of public finances in the region under sanctions pressure on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan. According to the results of the analysis of the main tax revenues of the consolidated budget of the republic, the zones most exposed to the risk of shortfall in income were identified: firstly, the high volatility of the dynamics of the corporate income tax compared to the personal income tax, and secondly, the decrease in the diversification of tax revenues on profit in the sectoral context, thirdly, the growth of the contribution to the volume of tax revenues of those types of economic activity that have the most favorable tax and investment regime (the need to improve the system of tax and investment preferences). The external factors of formation of vulnerable zones of public finances of subjects of the Russian Federation are analysed. Proposals have been formulated to improve the efficiency of the use of public finances.

Digital matrix of the Russian economy

The article analyses the problems of digitalisation, which has become dominant in recent years, which is justified by numerous data on scientific publications, the number of patents, the volume of investments and publications in various media. The article is based on the methodology of an integrated approach and system analysis. The theoretical basis of the article was the publications of Russian researchers devoted to the problems of the Russian economy҅s digitalisation. Familiarisation with regulatory documents and government programmes, methods of comparative analysis were chosen as research methods. The methods used also included the method of expert assessments, normative and logical methods. The analysis of methods, mechanisms, tools and other aspects of updating the track of digital transformation of the Russian economy is carried out. Based on and summarizing the results of the study, nine directions for the development of end-to-end technologies have been formulated and a block diagram of the model of the government programme «Digital Economy» is presented. Separately, the culture of organisations is considered, which is a barrier to the digital transformation of companies, which evolves into a «digital culture». In conclusion, a modern rating of end-to-end trends of the digitalisation process is presented, and global end-to-end trends of digitalisation in the sectoral context demonstrating the track of development of the digital matrix of the Russian economy. The presented information will allow to navigate in the established directions of development of end-to-end technologies of the Russian economy, and to make rational management decisions to representatives of Russian business and top management of Russian companies.

Dynamics between Power Consumption and Economic Growth at Aggregated and Disaggregated (Sectoral) Level Using the Frequency Domain Causality

We investigated the Granger causal relationship between the consumption of power both at the aggregate and sectoral level and economic growth in India using the frequency domain approach, which would help policy makers seek the efficient allocation of electricity via proper policy initiatives at different frequencies. We find that at the aggregate level, unidirectional causality runs from the total power consumption to economic growth, starting from the second up to the seventh quarter. In the sectoral context, the results are different. Since there is no causality between industrial power consumption and economic growth; therefore, an energy conservation policy can thus be implemented for the industrial sector. Moreover, since a bidirectional causality exists after 15 quarters for the commercial sector, a short-term policy but not an energy conservation policy could also be initiated for this sector. In the industrial and agricultural sectors, a promotional policy should be initiated because a unidirectional causality exists from sectoral power consumption to economic growth. Therefore, different and sector-specific policies would be more appropriate than a single policy for all power sectors in India in order to orient the efficient utilisation of power towards better economic development.

Social and Communication Mechanisms of Adaptation of the Population to the Crisis Conditions of the Pandemic in the all-Russian, Regional and Sectoral Context

The modern era is analyzed as an era of crises. In the XX and XXI centuries, the crises intensified and became permanent. Crisis conditions are understood, on the one hand, emergency situations, and on the other – relationships within the framework of social conflict. Both occur during the coronavirus pandemic. The authorities, commercial structures, public organizations strive to develop and implement mechanisms for adapting the population to the crisis, which have both an economic and non-monetary nature. The article discusses social and communication campaigns that complement the measures to directly combat the pandemic and are aimed at optimizing crisis moods. An overview of current research is given, examples of communication actions of state organizations at the federal and regional levels, commercial structures in various industries are given; the need to counteract fake information and conspiracy versions of the pandemic is justified.

Placing sustainability at the centre of water, sanitation and hygiene: Knowledge co-production for sectoral transformation

Efforts to expand the delivery of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services are occurring in the context of increasing pressures on the environmental and resource systems on which WASH services depend. As such, it is imperative to explore how sustainability considerations can be made central to WASH initiatives in ways that strengthen both service delivery and environmental systems. This article contributes insights from a transdisciplinary knowledge co-production process designed to bridge conceptual and practical priorities in a sectoral context – the WASH sector – with the intent to inform transformations at multiple levels from local practice through to global discourse. The co-production process was held online with a select group of WASH professionals from 10 countries. The design involved three components: engaging with worldviews and sustainability concepts; discussing the practical relevance of featured research studies in participant's professional roles; and co-creating ideas about desirable futures and transformation pathways. Findings from the process relate to its method, outcomes and implications for future knowledge co-production across four themes: (i) fostering self-reflection and engaging with purpose; (ii) considering sustainability across scales and contexts; (iii) generating ideas for individual and sectoral action; and (iv) reflecting on researcher power and considerations for future co-production processes. The case demonstrates the potential for co-production in a sectoral context to foster generative self-reflection, shared understandings and practical ideas for action towards sustainability transformations. Methodological insights suggest that future knowledge co-production proponents could beneficially emphasize purpose, work across scales and contexts, and take a reflexive approach to power.

ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА КИТАЯ

In modern conditions, SMEs especially need the support of the Chinese government. The purpose of this work is to study three key areas of state support for SMEs in China – the monetary policy of the Central Bank of China, tax policy and sectoral policy. SMEs are the drivers of China’s economic growth. The impact on GDP is a crucial factor for the decision to support SMEs by Chinese government authorities. The creation of preferential conditions for SMEs in the post-crisis period creates conditions for improving China’s macroeconomic indicators. Despite the high costs of implementing incentive measures, these investments make it possible to keep SMEs in the market that are facing a crisis situation both due to disruptions in supply chains and due to a decrease in demand for products. The Chinese economy is focused on exports, including high-tech products. That is why special attention is paid to SMEs operating in the innovative sector of the economy. In addition, measures to support SMEs with low profitability were also considered. By applying the historical approach, the analysis of the trajectory of entrepreneurship development in China in the period 1978–2022 was carried out. The distinctive features of Chinese SMEs in comparison with Russian enterprises are highlighted. The classification of SMEs according to the main criteria established at the legislative level in the sectoral context is given. The choice of performance indicators depends on the scale and time interval of the analysis. It is particularly difficult to assess the effectiveness of the measures taken, which have an impact on various spheres in different time periods. The assessment of SMEs’ perception of the current market situation was based on the China SME Confidence Index (China SME Confidence Index) from 2019 to May 2022. Most of the measures considered relate specifically to this period. Based on the analysis of statistical indicators, the types of SMEs in China in which there is the least confidence in the sustainable conduct of activities are identified.

PRACTICE OF CONCLUDING INDUSTRY AGREEMENTS OF SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP: SUSTAINABLE TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR CHANGE

The subject of the study is the modern vision of the prospects for the development and improvement of the multilevel system of social part- nership in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the special role in the system of the social partnership of sectoral agreements concluded at the federal, regional, and territorial levels, and their close institutional and organizational connection with collective agreements concluded at enterprises of the relevant sectors of the economy. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing importance of social partnership as the most flexible mechanism for regulating social and labor relations in conditions of economic turbulence. The scientific novelty consists in generalizing the practice of concluding sectoral agreements, which gives an idea not only about the state of collective-contractual regulation of social and labor relations in the sectoral context, but also allows identifying local features, as well as individual problems of the functioning of the social partnership system as a whole. The research methods are analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and a systematic approach. Results: the untapped potential of sectoral agreements is revealed, objective and subjective factors limiting the possibilities of effective development of social partnership are characterized, and their dynamics and the degree of influence on the completeness and content of concluded contracts and agreements are shown. The materials contained in the study can be used by federal and regional executive authorities, all-Russian, regional and branch associations of employers, and all-Russian, regional and branch trade unions in the negotiation process when concluding social partnership agreements and forming state and corporate social policy.

Support for the Development of the National Economy Branches by Customs Regulation Measures

The article is devoted to the study of the role and place of customs regulation in the system of support of branches of the national economy, the effectiveness of the implementation of its tools, depending on the stage of development of the industry. The most important vector of development of the customs service of the Russian Federation in accordance with its Development Strategy until 2030, updated in modern conditions of foreign economic activity, is aimed at protecting objectively significant economic needs of the country, the satisfaction of which ensures the implementation of national strategic priorities. Customs regulation plays a significant role in these processes, since the effective implementation of its instruments is able to influence the volume and structure of trade turnover, the conditions created for the development of foreign economic activity, increasing the usefulness of regulatory instruments for the development of sectors of the national economy. Thus, the results of customs regulation satisfy a whole range of needs of different recipients, manifesting themselves in different types of efficiency. The target principles of the development of customs regulation are outlined, the instruments of its implementation in the sectoral context are systematized, the types of effects obtained by various subjects of the system of regulation of foreign economic activity are determined, and the measures of customs regulation in the system of state regulation of the economy are determined, applied depending on the stage of development of branches of the national economy. Taken together, this forms a comprehensive view of the content of customs regulation, its place in the system of state regulation of the economy and the prospects for improvement.

Пространственно-временной анализ проблем инновационного развития в отраслевом разрезе в условиях санкций и политики импортозамещения

The importance and inherence of innovations in the context of the current technological paradigm cause the necessity to develop approaches and tools for their effective management within individual enterprises at the level of groups of economic entities and sustainable development of regions of their localization as a whole. The formation of such solutions requires an analysis of the problems of innovative development and innovation policy to identify the basic patterns of their changes, and mutual interaction in the temporal, spatial, and sectoral context. The purpose of the study was to analyze the potential spatiotemporal influence of key factors groups on innovation activity effectiveness and its delay in the context of industry-based specifics of specialization of the Russian Federation regions. The authors considered the variants of manifestation of factors on the initially diverse geographical, socio-economic, political, and other conditions groups (regions) of resources and abilities to assess the influence of specified factors on the systems different by the initial parameters. Moreover, the specific feature is the analysis of factors’ impact on the result of implementation in the systems rather than disparate sets of resources and abilities. The authors analyzed possible specific patterns depending on the structure of this system and its initial conditions, which can serve as the basis for changes in the methodology of innovative development management as one of the key directions of modernization of industrial production and sustainable development of territories. The influence of an attributing factor on the result differed both in direction and in the power of influence between regions, which confirmed the need for the differentiated approach to innovative activity management and evaluation of the results of its manifestation. The analysis shows that the patent activity impact on the volume of innovative goods, works, and services varies greatly depending on the structure of their economic activities. The level of innovative activity is manifested strongly and rapidly in multi-sectoral and mid-specialized regions with an average weight of specialization industries of local and national significance, and in three years, multi-sectoral regions appear to be more sustainable. Almost all multi-sectoral regions show a one-time positive influence of losses for innovative activity, and in three years, it is rather negative for most regions.