Tourism Sector Research Articles

Examining Water Efficiency Measures for Three- to Five-Star Graded Game Lodges and for Residential Beneficiation in Hammanskraal, South Africa

Globally, water scarcity has been a concern for the tourism and hospitality sectors, which are significant water consumers. Conflict between lodges and residents can also arise from differing priorities, competition, limited access, and inadequate infrastructure. There are limited studies addressing water governance challenges and equitable water access while balancing conservation, tourism, and local needs. In the arid regions of water-scarce South Africa, particularly in areas hosting game lodges essential to tourism, effective water management is vital in societal terms. In this context, the present study aimed to address these issues by investigating water efficiency measures adopted in game lodges and exploring sustainable solutions for equitable water access for neighboring residents. Effective water governance is essential for balancing conservation efforts, fulfilling guest expectations, and meeting the needs of local communities. Through semistructured techniques, this study explored the adoption of water efficiency measures by residents in Hammanskraal and the neighboring three-to five-star graded game lodges around Dinokeng Game Reserve, South Africa. The challenges that game lodges face is outlined, such as deficient government policy enforcement and insufficient stakeholder collaboration, which hinder the mandatory adoption of water efficiency measures. This suggests the need for stronger regulatory frameworks and better coordination among stakeholders in ensuring the success of game lodges in water management. The specific strategies and technologies employed by residents and lodges to conserve water and manage their resources sustainably were identified. Findings further illuminate the intricate relationship between game lodges, residents, and water resource management, emphasizing the need for harmonious coexistence to prevent social tensions. Additionally, the study exposed gaps in policy, corruption, and inadequate infrastructure, which have led to suboptimal water governance in the Hammanskraal region. Municipal lapses and inadequate monitoring contribute to water management issues, negatively affecting residents. The key knowledge contributions highlighted by the study include the importance of engaging local communities in water governance for more effective and resilient water management practices.

Evolution of transport, accessibility and tourism competitiveness in Extremadura (Spain): a benchmarking analysis

The efficiency of the transportation options available to tourists, in terms of convenience and time, directly impacts the competitiveness of a destination in the tourism sector. The aim of this study is to compare how the indicators of accessibility and connectivity of transportation have evolved across Spain's Autonomous Regions. To achieve this, we used indicators related to the sufficiency and connectivity of air and high-speed train services, as well as land accessibility and connectivity, as provided by Exceltur's Monitur reports. For a dynamic analysis, which is essential in assessing this type of infrastructure, we considered the values of these indicators from the first Monitur report (2010) and the most recent one (2018). Based on these values for the 17 Autonomous Regions of Spain, we identified the regions that have gained relative competitiveness and those that have experienced a relative decline. The dynamic analysis conducted in this study has allowed us to classify the regions according to the evolution of their relative competitiveness. It highlights the key areas that destination managers should focus on to design strategies that enhance their competitive position.

Sustainable Cycling: Boosting Commuting and Tourism Opportunities in Istria

This study explores the evolution of cycling in Istria, a region located in parts of Slovenia and Croatia along the Northern Adriatic coast, recognised for its vibrant tourism sector. The research aims to evaluate the potential of cycling for both daily commuting and tourism while examining its economic, environmental, and social impacts. The study uses secondary data from 2010 to 2023, econometric methods, and interviews to assess how cycling contributes to economic growth, regional collaboration, employment rates, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Slovenia, regression analysis indicates that bicycle imports positively correlate with tourist arrivals, which positively influences GDP. However, VAR analysis shows that employment has a negative impact on GHG emissions. In contrast, the increase in bicycles contributes to higher GHG emissions, suggesting the possibility of greenwashing or double pollution. In Croatia, regression coefficients were found to be insignificant, aligning with insights gained from interviews. Nonetheless, VAR analysis reveals that tourist arrivals and GDP positively reinforce each other, while GHG emissions negatively affect employment. Bicycles are shown to reduce GHG emissions, and tourist arrivals are also associated with lowered GHG emissions. The study concludes that cycling holds significant potential for fostering sustainable tourism and regional development; however, the differing impacts observed in Slovenia and Croatia necessitate tailored policy interventions. The hypothesis is partially confirmed in Slovenia, where bicycle imports positively impact tourist arrivals and GDP but are challenged by increased GHG emissions, while in Croatia, the hypothesis is not supported by direct economic gains from cycling. However, bicycles contribute to reducing GHG emissions.

Pengaruh Green Economy dan Sustainable Ecotourism terhadap Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Studi: Ekowisata Mangrove Lembung

Green economy and sustainable ecotourism are currently the main focus in efforts to advance the tourism sector which is not only economically profitable but also environmentally sustainable. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of green economy and sustainable ecotourism on improving the community's economy in the Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism. This research involved 94 respondents consisting of local communities, business actors, tourists and tourism managers in the Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism area. The method used is quantitative using the regression method to test the relationship between the variables green economy, sustainable ecotourism and economic improvement. The results of the analysis show that the two dependent variables contribute significantly to economic growth. Green economy shows a significant positive influence, indicating that the application of green economy principles such as efficient management of natural resources and environmentally friendly technology has a big impact on sustainable economic growth. Meanwhile, sustainable ecotourism also has a significant positive influence through the principles of environmental conservation and empowerment of local communities which supports increased economic prosperity. The results of this hypothesis test confirm that sustainability in the economy and ecotourism is able to create a balance between economic growth and environmental preservation. This research makes an important contribution to the development of sustainable economic policies that support the future of the ecotourism sector.

관광경영 전공 학생이 주관적으로 인식하는 괜찮은 일자리 선호유형 분석 : Q방법론 적용

Although the employment environment is challenging, students' interest in decent jobs is growing. This study applied Q methodology to analyze the preferred types of decent jobs, a topic previously unexplored in the tourism sector, as subjectively perceived by university students majoring in tourism management. Thirty nine statements were selected as the Q sample derived from a literature review and in-depth interviews with professors and students. Factor analysis of 39 fourth-year students identified four distinct types of decent jobs: stress avoidance(Type 1), self-development through demonstrating abilities(Type 2), emphasis on promotion and performance compensation(Type 3), and wage orientation(Type 4). Type 1 preferred ‘work that is less stressful and allows them to relax both physically and mentally’, while Type 2 preferred ‘jobs with great potential for my development’ and ‘jobs where I can demonstrate my abilities.’ Type 3 favored ‘jobs with a high possibility of promotion’ and ‘jobs where compensation such as incentives is given appropriately based on performance’ whereas Type 4 prioritized ‘high wages’. The findings suggest that when professors provide employment guidance to graduating students, tailored approaches are needed based on the four types of decent jobs identified. The study highlights theoretical contributions and practical implications and proposes directions for future research.

Optimization of Quadruple Helix Using RUMEUNG App for Sustainable Tourism Development in West Java

The development of tourism concepts requires collaborative efforts across multiple stakeholders. This study focuses on enhancing the tourism sector through the "RUMEUNG" application, designed to integrate efforts from government, academia, business, and local communities. Such integration is essential for fostering creativity, ensuring high-quality final products, and maintaining competitiveness in the increasingly diverse market of tourism. West Java, an expansive region, is identified as having 2,583 potential tourist sites as per the Department of Tourism and Culture. To optimize these assets, coordinated development and marketing strategies are critical. This qualitative study uses descriptive research techniques to assess and improve the usability of the "RUMEUNG" application’s user interface. It adopts the Lean UX methodology for design and evaluates the outcomes using Single Ease Questions (SEQ) and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Additionally, the research explores the application of the Quadruple Helix model in tourism development in West Java through the RUMEUNG program, aiming to enhance digital integration among the key stakeholders. Results indicate that the user interface design of RUMEUNG is highly accessible, with a SEQ score of 8.5%. Most users found the interface to be extremely easy to use (7%), while others rated it as easy (12%) and very easy (3%). The SUS scores were also favorable, falling within the grade B range (80-90), which reflects good usability. By implementing a Quadruple Helix approach, the RUMEUNG application potentially facilitates robust collaboration, promoting sustainable tourism development in West Java.

The study of elasticity in the structure of tourism indicators in the Russian Federation

Subject. The article discusses the structure and dynamics of tourism indicators in the Russian Federation. Objectives. The aims are to determine the role and importance of the tourism sector for the country and the region, its impact on the development of the State, economic and social spheres, to characterize the current status of the tourism sector in the Russian Federation and its regions, and identify groups of regions that allow analysis of indicators in the tourism sector. Methods. The study employed general scientific research methods, and the cluster analysis to consider the elasticity in the structure of tourism indicators. Results. I calculated specific weights of indicators of the activity structure of travel companies, namely, the number of tour packages sold to the population, integral coefficients of structural differences in the indicators, the growth rates of indicators characterizing the tourism sector. Federal districts and their regions were divided into groups, using cluster analysis methods. The paper unveils structural shifts in relative values in the same data set and changes in the Russian tourism industry during the period under investigation. Conclusions. The findings may be of interest to specialists in the field of tourism economics, regional economics and management, and serve as a basis for development of measures to promote domestic tourism in Russia.

Blockchain Technology in Tourism Industry: A Bibliometric Analysis

The integration of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies has significantly transformed the tourism industry. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of I4.0 technologies in this sector. However, there is limited evidence on how specific I4.0 technologies, such as blockchain, support the tourism industry, particularly in the post-pandemic era. This review seeks to provide insights into emerging research trends that incorporate blockchain technology into the tourism sector. To achieve this, a systematic literature network analysis (SLNA) was conducted, combining a systematic literature review (SLR) with bibliometric analysis. The analysis was based on a corpus of 163 studies published from 2017 to 2024, sourced from the Scopus database, and was carried out using the Biblioshiny tool in R-studio. The findings indicate that blockchain technology has gained popularity in recent years, with most research focusing on developed economies, while there is a notable gap in studies from emerging and developing economies. Tourism practitioners should consider the results of this study from multiple perspectives to enhance their current and future operations and strategies. This study introduces several novel areas, particularly concerning methodology and research context. The innovative SLNA approach was used to review blockchain applications in the tourism industry, though the study was limited to this sector. Future research could explore related topics, such as cryptography, ecosystems, and technology adoption, which are still developing in this and other fields.

Attracting tourists to Indonesia: how SEZs and visa-free policies influence international arrivals

ABSTRACT The tourism sector drives international connectivity, prompting countries to adopt policies to attract global visitors. This study examines factors influencing tourist arrivals to Indonesia through an augmented gravity model incorporating economic, geographic, and policy variables. Key determinants include Indonesia's GDP, origin countries’ GDP, geographic distance, visa-free entry, Special Economic Zones (SEZ), and the impact of COVID-19. Data from 37 countries (2006–2023) reveal that Indonesia's and origin countries’ GDP positively impact arrivals, while distance deters tourism. SEZ policies show a modest positive influence, whereas visa-free policies unexpectedly exhibit a negative effect, likely due to challenges in managing visitor quality and maintaining destination appeal. COVID-19 significantly reduced arrivals, underscoring the sector's vulnerability to global disruptions. These insights support refining visa and SEZ policies to foster sustainable tourism aligned with Indonesia's long-term goals.

‘Still reluctant to go?’ Destination image formation in the post-global pandemic crisis: perspective from Japanese tourists to China

ABSTRACT The impact of COVID-19 on our daily lives is gradually subsiding, but its significant effects on the tourism sector persist. As of this writing, international tourism has yet to return to pre-pandemic levels. China is among the countries still experiencing a decline in international arrivals. To address this, two studies targeting Japanese tourists were conducted to (1) trace and compare changes in the perception of China’s destination image (DI) and (2) explore how media exposure, past experience, and age individually and jointly influence the formation of China’s post-COVID DI. The results indicate that perceptions of China’s DI have improved slightly but remain low overall. Additionally, in the post-pandemic context, perceptions of China’s DI vary significantly based on media exposure, past experience, and age. The implications for both theory and practice are also discussed.

Faktor Perubahan Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Akibat Pembangunan Kawasan Aerotropolis Kulon Progo dan Dampaknya Terhadap Tata Guna Lahan LP2B, Pemukiman dan Pariwisata

The development of the Aerotropolis area in Kulon Progo Regency causes frequent changes in agricultural land use to residential areas, hotels, restaurants, and other infrastructure. The excessive rate of conversion of agricultural land will have a negative impact on Kulon Progo Regency. Therefore, it is necessary to know the factors causing changes in agricultural land use and their impact on LP2B areas, residences, and tourism. The research method used is descriptive-analytical with statistical data; observations of situational conditions and the results of interviews regarding the problem being studied will be analyzed and then explained more specifically and in depth. The results of the analysis show that the phenomenon of land conversion in Kulon Regency is influenced by internal factors, namely the strategic location of agricultural land and its proximity to public facilities. The productivity of the agricultural sector has decreased due to difficult farmer regeneration, which causes economic factors to emerge. Apart from that, it is also influenced by external factors, namely increasing population growth, increasing development of the trade and services sector, the COVID-19 pandemic, and government policies that facilitate the conversion of agricultural land. The impact is that land and agricultural productivity are decreasing while the area of residential areas and the tourism sector are increasing. As a result, the GDP growth rate in the agricultural sector decreased, while the accommodation and food and drink (tourism) sector and the service sector increased. This trend has the potential to reduce the implementation of LP2B in Kulon Progo Regency. Recommendations that need to be made are strengthening government policies regarding the protection of LP2B and the involvement of many parties from the community, private sector, NGOs (Non-Government Organizations), and local governments regarding the implementation of LP2B

Spatial heterogeneity analysis between street network configurations and various service activities: evidence from the Wuhan metropolitan area

China’s economic growth is increasingly being driven by the contemporary service industry in the context of a new economy. This study aims to examine the spatial heterogeneous relationship between various service industry activities and street network design configurations by integrating multisource big data and geospatial analysis to provide insightful implications for human-centered design for compact cities by taking the case study of an inland megacity in central China, Wuhan. Street configurations under the walking/driving modes including closeness, betweenness, severance and efficiency, are characterized from the perspective of spatial design network analysis and angular distance to effectively reflect network shapes and subjective perceptions when navigating through the streets. The point-like, point-axis and ring patterns of various service activities are identified using the kernel density estimation (KDE). Then two sets of densities are analyzed to investigate whether various service activities are spatially associated with specific street metrics and whether spatial stratified heterogeneity exists. The results show that severance and efficiency are two promising indicators to represent the human-scale street design besides the conventional street centrality indices. The spatial mismatch is mainly observed between street metrics and the tourism sector whereas spatial clusters are detected in other types of service activities. Diverse service activities have distinct location preferences for street designs under different transport modes. The walking mode values global closeness and betweenness, while the driving mode values severance and efficiency.

DEVELOPMENT OF MUSLIM-FRIENDLY TOURISM SERVICES INDICATOR IN SLEMAN REGENCY, YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE

Tourism holds significant promise for Indonesia's economy, a fact recognized by the government. Recent attention in the tourism sector has centered on the advancement of Muslim-friendly tourism, an initiative supported by OIC nations, including Indonesia, due to its considerable potential. Consequently, the Ministry of Tourism has initiated the selection of regions as Muslim-friendly tourism hubs, with the Special Region of Yogyakarta being one such area. Despite this, Yogyakarta still lags behind in terms of service indicators, as highlighted in the IMTI. This study focuses on Sleman Regency, the most tourist-laden area in Yogyakarta province. The service indicators encompass aspects like Mosques, Hotels, Halal Restaurants, Airports, and Attractions, indicating the necessity for further development to bolster Muslim-friendly tourism in Yogyakarta, particularly within Sleman Regency. The research aims to scrutinize the evolution of tourist spots and the promotion of Muslim-friendly tourism in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, utilizing a qualitative methodology with a case study approach. Findings suggest that the full potential of Muslim-friendly tourism in Sleman Regency remains unrealized due to the local government's unclear perception of the concept. Consequently, there's a call for a shift towards community-based tourism, with a focus on tourist villages. Additionally, efforts are underway to intensify the halal certification process for all food and restaurant businesses, spearheaded by the government and LPPOM. It's also imperative for tourism managers in Sleman Regency to prioritize services, particularly in accommodation and ensuring the availability of halal dining options to cater to Muslim travelers.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CRISES AND RECOVERY IN THE ROMANIAN TOURISM MARKET

The Romanian tourism industry has yet to prove that it is a resilient economic sector that can adapt to global crises. This study provides a contextual analysis of the sector's performance during two international crises – the global financial crisis (GFC) and the COVID-19 pandemic (C19). The main question is: How do tourism demand and accommodation supply in the Romanian tourism sector respond to global shocks, and what patterns of resilience or vulnerability do these crises reveal? Previous studies have focussed on tourist satisfaction and the differential impact of tourism activities after EU integration, but have rarely examined the resilience of the sector in the midst of two different global crises. The need for this research stems from its comparative nature — assessing the pre- and post-crisis periods of the GFC and C19 — thus contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the sector's dynamics. This work fills a gap in the existing literature and applies a longitudinal approach to assess Romanian tourism resilience, market confidence and response to economic and health-related shocks. The study applies a quantitative methodological framework and uses time series data from 2002-2022, with descriptive statistics, comparisons and trend analyses serving as the main pillars for interpreting the evolution of tourism demand, accommodation supply and occupancy rates. The analysis shows that the Romanian tourism sector has proven to be resilient, as operational capacity exceeded pre-crisis levels after the COVID-19 crisis, although demand fell sharply and has not fully recovered to date. Occupancy rates fell significantly during both crises and have only partially recovered.

Toward Sustainable Performance in the Hotel Food Supply Chain: Influences of Quality Management Practices and Digital Integration

This study addresses a gap in the literature on how quality management practices within the food supply chain can be effectively integrated with digital technologies to enhance Food Supply Chain Sustainable Performance (FSCSP) in the hospitality and tourism sector in Egypt. Thus, a quantitative approach was employed, with data being collected through both online and in-person surveys from employees with sufficient knowledge of their hotel’s food products, food supply chain, and quality management practices in five-star hotels in Egypt. SPSS and WarpPLS-SEM techniques were used to analyze the research data. The findings showed that Food Supply Chain Quality Management (FSCQM) practices positively influence both FSCSP and Supply Chain Digital Integration (SCDI), with SCDI serving as a mediator in the relationship between FSCQM and FSCSP. This study is helpful for hospitality businesses in developing economies because it shows how important it is to combine digital innovation with strong quality management to improve operating efficiency and gain a competitive edge in terms of sustainability. This involves fostering a technology-driven culture that encourages creativity, innovation, transparency, and information-sharing among employees to ensure the successful integration of FSCQM practices with hotels’ digital competences.

Risk Management Strategies in the Tourism Industry: Developing an ANP Model for Risk Reduction and Resilience Enhancement Amid Crises

This study investigates risk management strategies in the tourism industry by developing an Analytic Network Process (ANP) model that aims to increase resilience and reduce risks during crises. The tourism sector is inherently vulnerable to a variety of uncertainties, including natural disasters, economic fluctuations, and global health emergencies. Through a comprehensive analysis of key factors such as destination characteristics, stakeholder capacity, regulation, and market dynamics, the study identifies three key strategies: Integrated Public-Private Collaboration Model, Adaptive and Resilient-Based Model, and Smart Technology-Based Model. The results show that the Adaptive and Resilient-Based Model is a top priority for effective risk mitigation, emphasizing the importance of flexibility and adaptability. The results showed that the Adaptive and Resilient-Based Model is a top priority for effective risk mitigation, emphasizing the importance of flexibility and adaptability. Key elements supporting this model include robust infrastructure, advanced technology, skilled human resources, and strong collaboration between stakeholders. The findings provide practical guidance for policymakers and industry stakeholders, highlighting the importance of innovative and sustainable approaches to strengthen the tourism industry's resilience to dynamic risks and crises.

Design for policy strengthening: Analysis of forest fire disaster mitigation governance through ecotourism development integration in Siak Regency

This study aims to explain the design of policy strengthening in forest and land fire disaster mitigation governance, through the integration of ecotourism development in Siak Regency. Based on the research topic, this study employs a qualitative approach to describe governance conditions and the design of policy strengthening in ecotourism-based disaster mitigation governance. Data analysis is performed using Nvivo 12 Plus software. The results of this study indicate that forest and land fire disaster mitigation governance based on ecotourism development still has shortcomings that need to be addressed in the principles of conservation, economy, and community involvement. Then, the design of a policy to strengthen ecotourism-based disaster mitigation governance includes three crucial policy recommendations, namely: the need for special regulations related to forest and land fire disaster mitigation prevention based on the integration of ecotourism principle development, the need for a balance of roles between actors in determining and implementing ecotourism-based disaster mitigation policies, and the need for effective and efficient implementation of ecotourism-based disaster mitigation policies through increasing the involvement of strategic actors. Substantially, the handling of forest and land fire disasters in Siak Regency can be combined with ecotourism activities, especially in tourist village areas, by developing policies to strengthen the utilization of village-owned disaster mitigation facilities such as reservoirs, lakes, or ponds that are converted into water supplies during the dry season for forest and land fire disaster prevention activities and local economy-based tourist destinations. Our findings are a strategic effort to raise awareness among actors and highlight the need for policy-strengthening design in ecotourism-based disaster mitigation. These findings can also contribute to the literature that will be useful for all stakeholders in developing future long-term disaster mitigation governance policies. This study relies heavily on information from key informants, who represent only the perspectives and expertise of the stakeholders encountered. However, it still refers to important elements based on the informants’ knowledge capabilities in the disaster and tourism sectors. Therefore, we propose to conduct future studies on a comprehensive analysis of sustainable ecotourism-based disaster mitigation governance to promote and accelerate the idea of disaster and tourism in the future.

The nexus between green HRM and environmental performance for sustainable business excellence: the role of employees’ environmental passion and pro-environmental behavior

Leveraging intellectual capital as a component of an extant sustainable business excellence model and using the theoretical lens of Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) theory, this paper investigates the impact of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices on the hotel environmental performance by indirect effects of employees’ environmental passion and employees’ pro-environmental behavior. We utilized multi-time survey data collected from employees working in the hotel industry to test hypothesized relationships. Data have been analyzed through Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that green human resource management practices positively influence hotel environmental performance via single mediation of environmental passion and pro-environmental behavior and serial mediation of environmental passion and pro-environmental behavior. Furthermore, the moderating effects of environmental passion were also statistically significant. Our research contributed to offering implications for both scholars and practitioners generally in the tourism and hospitality sector and particularly in hotels on the need to implement effective HR systems integrated with the environmental goals of the organization to provoke a sense of environmental responsibility and nurture green values to achieve environmental objectives.

DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN TOURIST DESTINATIONS AROUND THE NUSANTARA CAPITAL

The East Kalimantan region is a region with rapid development following the designation of the National Capital in one of its regions, namely North Penajam Paser Regency. Therefore, East Kalimantan Province needs to increase MSMEs in tourist destinations as a form of the government's role in optimizing the tourism sector in East Kalimantan. Assuming that the development of the area around IKN will occur rapidly due to the presence of IKN in East Kalimantan, it requires more effective policies to promote the tourism sector. The aim of this research is to collect data on the existing conditions of tourism (tourist destinations) around the IKN area as a forum for developing MSMEs, accommodating the problems of the tourism sector, MSMEs and problems that intersect between these sectors as well as identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of MSMEs in tourist destinations around the IKN area, to then provide policy recommendations. This research uses secondary data and primary data. The secondary data used is MSME data which is grouped based on the KBLI classification in the form of business scale; venture capital; business risk; and number of workers. Data collection of information on the existing conditions of MSMEs in tourist destinations around IKN is carried out at the Tourism Office in each Regency/City in East Kalimantan. Analysis of qualitative data was carried out using the SWOT technique. The initial step of SWOT analysis is carried out by determining the internal and external factor matrix. The IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation) and EFE (External Factor Evaluation) matrices consist of columns, weights, ratings and total values which are the result of multiplying the weights and ratings. Ranking of levels of importance is done with the help of the QDA application. The research results show that the condition of MSMEs in tourist destinations around IKN still needs to be improved. This condition is because MSMEs still do not have NIBs, product patents and trademarks, and there are limited human resources for developing digital marketing and financial management. The resulting recommendations are (1) Promotion and innovation of tourist destinations by highlighting superior natural and cultural tourism, (2) Controlling MSMEs related to business licensing, business clustering, and assistance in preparing business financial reports, (3) The government coordinates the use of funds. CSR and other assistance for the development of tourism facilities and MSMEs, as well as (4) Coordination of promotion of local products at tourist destinations as well as training assistance to increase product innovation.

Assessing the impact of tourism on sustainable economic development in Indonesia: A comprehensive analysis using the Fourier bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag approach

This research analyzes the relationship between political stability, renewable energy utilization, economic progress, and tourism in Indonesia from 1990 to 2020. We employ advanced econometric techniques, including the Fourier Bootstrap Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality testing, to ensure the robustness of our results while accounting for smooth structural changes in the data. The analysis uncovers a long-term equilibrium relationship between tourism and its fundamental determinants. Our research reveals significant positive impacts of political stability and renewable energy consumption on tourism in Indonesia. A stable political environment creates a favorable climate for tourism development, instilling confidence in both domestic and international tourists. Promoting renewable energy usage aligns with sustainable tourism practices, attracting environmentally conscious travelers. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate a bi-directional causal relationship between these variables over time. Changes in political stability, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth profoundly influence the tourism sector, while the growth of tourism itself can also stimulate economic development and foster political stability. Our findings underscore the need for environmentally sustainable and politically stable tourism policies. Indonesia’s tourism sector can grow sustainably with renewable energy and stability. Policymakers can develop strategies with tourism, political stability, renewable energy, and economic prosperity in mind.