Economic Sectors Research Articles

Ways to Support and Effectively Develop the Service Sector In the Digital Economy

The article emphasizes the role of digital technologies in effectively developing the service sector. Given the digitalization of our country’s economy, the article argues that a regional approach is crucial for evaluating the development of the service sector and formulating effective management decisions. Specific recommendations and suggestions are provided for implementing a comprehensive approach to developing service sectors in the context of digital economies within different regions.

Mini Tractor Operated Groundnut Digger Cum Inverter: A Concept

Groundnut holds a pivotal role in Indian agriculture, serving as a critical crop contributing to both the economic and nutritional sectors of the country. Timely harvesting of groundnut is a crucial phase in its cultivation, particularly during peak seasons, when labor shortages can lead to delays, resulting in significant yield losses. To mitigate labor constraints during peak harvesting periods and ensure timely operations, a conceptual model of a groundnut digger has been proposed. This digger is designed to uproot, collect, and transport groundnut plants, inverting them as it moves through the field. The groundnut digger consists of two primary units: a digging unit and a conveying unit. The digging unit is engineered to penetrate the soil to a precise depth, extracting the groundnut plants along with the attached pods to the surface. The conveying unit is responsible for lifting the plants and transporting them to a pod-inverting mechanism, which inverts the plant to reduce the risk of aflatoxin contamination in the pods due to excessive soil moisture.

Оценка эффективности закупочной деятельности предприятия

The article examines the existing methods of evaluation of procurement activity, their features and applicability. The authors identify the directions of their improvement and propose the author’s methodology for assessing the efficiency of procurement activities based on 30 indicators distributed in such blocks as finance, work with suppliers, personnel and logistics. Methodology also involves the calculation of a complex indicator, which aggregates these aspects and allows to assess the procurement activity of a particular enterprise and the effectiveness of measures to optimize it. During the course of the study the results of approbation of the methodology on the example of procurement activities of the company of the real sector of economy and recommendations for its improvement are given, illustrating the applicability of the methodology in the organization and optimization of procurement activities. In addition, it describes the experience of automating calculations according to the proposed methodology in the MS Excel program for ease of use in production conditions.

Forecasting Hotel Occupancy Rates in Bali Province using the SARIMAX Method with Tourist Data as an Exogenous Variable

Tourism is a crucial economic sector in Bali, Indonesia. Sustainable tourism management requires an understanding of the dynamics between tourist numbers and hotel occupancy levels. This study uses the SARIMAX (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) method to estimate between the two indicators and reveals a positive correlation between the two indicators. The SARIMAX model effectively captures seasonal patterns and external factors, providing accurate forecasts and supporting tourism management in Bali. Monthly data from 2010 to 2023 were analyzed. Accurate estimates can help tourism stakeholders in formulating appropriate management strategies to optimize the tourism sector. Implementing the right strategy can help ensure the preservation of the local environment and culture, as well as long-term economic benefits for Bali. From the data we use the SARIMAX (6,1,0) (1,1,0)12 model with an AIC value of 1920.553 and a MAPE value of 27%.

Development Potential of Fisheries as a Maritime Activity in Supporting Area Planning

This paper aimed to identify and discuss the gains on the development of fishery, maritime tourism and community engagement towards the regional planning of Belakang Padang District in Indonesia. Based on both exploratory and explanatory qualitative and quantitative data collected for the study, the study establishes and examines the economic, cultural, and environment opportunities and barriers to region development in the district. The studies show that fisheries are the largest and most important economy sector that influences the planning of regions; at the same time, the challenges are observed in terms of outdated technique and restricted access to markets. Maritime tourism has a lot of prospects and long-term influences for countries but it is restricted by the lack of sufficient infrastructure and capital. The study also highlights a major research agenda concerning the lack of citizenship in planning where most of the local actors are rarely involved in planning processes. Environmental sustainability as an additional challenge was discovered with pollution together with the inadequate disposal of wastes contributing to the harm of the district’s development. Therefore, the study recommends an integrated regional development plan, focusing on the modernization of fisheries, tourism development, participation of community and conservation of the environment as key factors for sustainable development of Belakang Padang. Hence the research is useful in the existing literature on sustainable coastal development and charles district future planning activities.

Increasing labour productivity by providing innovative activities in when repair and service sector in livestock industry

At present, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are significantly behind the developed countries in terms of labor productivity and the share of domestic companies implementing technological innovations in the main sectors of the economy (especially in agriculture). One of the significant factors of this lag is the underestimation in past years of the promising potential of various innovative technologies and, as a consequence the very limited and slow implementation of breakthrough innovations in the most signifi cant sectors of the domestic economy. The decisive turn of the state economic policy of neighboring states in the area of deep technological transformation of all sectors of the economy is aimed at an innovative breakthrough and reaching advanced growth rates in the technological and economic development of fraternal countries. However, along with the introduction of the latest technologies the creation of completely new modern high-tech industries, which will require colossal fi nancial investments, the task of comprehensively and thoroughly exploring internal production reserves, searching for new forms and methods of improving the effi ciency of labour organization at existing enterprises, which will also bring a noticeable economic effect, remains relevant. This article describes in sufficient detail practical activities to improve and streamline accounting, planning, certifi cation, rationalization of workplaces of animal husbandry technical service organizations under the current conditions of the developing market. The results of the studies show that certifi cation and rationalization of workplaces are eff ective tools in fi nding internal production reserves to improve the use of labour resources, fi xed production assets, promotes the replacement of obsolete equipment, improves the relationship between workplaces, improves working conditions, and optimally balances the need for labour with the number of existing workplaces. This will significantly increase the overall efficiency of activities and competitiveness of service enterprises in the fi eld of animal husbandry.

Cybersecurity in the financial sector of the economy: necessity and significance

In the age of technological development, the financial sector of the Russian economy was one of the first to actively begin the transition to digitalization of all business processes. Electronic platforms have been used to accelerate financial transactions and improve the quality of financial services. The country's population is increasingly moving towards cashless payments for goods, works and services. Russians now have the opportunity to purchase digital assets via bank card on a variety of electronic resources without leaving home. Nevertheless, along with the pluses of technological innovations in the payments sphere, new threats related to cyberattacks in the financial sector have emerged. Criminal methods today are becoming more sophisticated, with an emphasis on the collection and use of confidential information, gradually nullifying the traditional mechanisms of physical theft of funds. The urgency of developing reliable systems to protect electronic payments and important data requires the consolidation of efforts on the part of both the state and financial organizations, as well as society as a whole. Therefore, in the course of the study, in order to minimize digital threats, the concept of financial cybersecurity is considered, which contributes to the sustainable development of the economy, as well as ensuring the protection of users' interests, in a constantly evolving digital environment.

O IMPACTO DAS ALTERAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS NO COTIDIANO DA SOCIEDADE MODERNA

Climate change has caused significant impacts on the daily life of modern society. Changes in temperature, rainfall patterns and the increase in extreme weather events are directly affecting agriculture, water resources, urban infrastructure and public health. The increasing frequency of natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods and droughts, forces society to deal with adaptation and mitigation challenges. Economic sectors such as agriculture and tourism are especially vulnerable, as are the poorest populations, who are less able to face the effects of these changes. Furthermore, rampant urbanization and industrialization contribute to increased greenhouse gas emissions, further aggravating the situation. The psychological, social and economic impact of these changes becomes more evident as inequalities are accentuated, with vulnerable communities being the most harmed. Thus, the urgency of concrete actions, both at the local and global level, to mitigate the impacts of climate change, has become one of humanity's main challenges in the 21st century.

Threats to the security of banking activities in modern Russian practice

Among other sectors of the Russian economy, the banking sector is one of the most dynamically developing. Consequently, its resistance to various shocks and possible threats will be one of the central points of support for the economic security of the state. Modern statistics show an increase in various types of incidents in the financial sector. Regular monitoring and detailed analysis of fraudulent schemes will minimize the possibility of criminal manipulation, thereby significantly reducing the number of risks and the amount of financial losses.The presented article provides a structural and geographical analysis of incidents in the financial sector recorded in 2023, and a sketch of the modern landscape of possible threats is compiled. The optimal approach to the formation of information and economic security of personal and financial data, in particular, and banking activities in general, involves comprehensive protection measures both from the point of view of the individual user and from the position of representatives of the banking community and the regulator.

Sustainability of the real sector of the Russian economy: Economic security and sanctions realities

Aim. To investigate the essence of the real sector of the Russian economy and identify the features of its impact on achieving economic security under sanctions.Objectives. To determine the essence of the real sector of the economy and assess its contribution to the stability of the national economy under sanctions; to identify the stages of development of the real sector of the Russian economy; to form an approach to regulating the real sector in the context of achieving economic security.Methodology. The research uses methods of comparative, structural, functional, and historical (retrospective) analysis, as well as tools of systemic and institutional approaches.Results. The real sector of the economy includes the production of goods and services, its functioning is associated with the creation of new value. This distinguishes it from the virtual and financial sectors where real, tangible goods are not created and where, in fact, the product formed in the real sector is redistributed. In crisis conditions, the developed real sector serves as the basis for the functioning of the economy and the satisfaction of basic economic needs, its stability determines national economic security.Conclusions. In modern conditions, characterized by sanctions pressure on Russia from unfriendly countries, the real sector of the economy plays an important role in ensuring the stability of the country’s economy as a whole. Its dynamics largely determines protection against traditional and new (sanctions-related) threats and risks to economic security. At the same time, there is a need for government support and regulation of the development of the real sector, which is associated with many different difficulties. To increase the effectiveness of this regulation, a permanent search for a balance between the use of planned and market instruments is required, the development of a mixed system of economic regulation that combines the tools of market and planned approaches. This will make it possible for the state to flexibly and adaptively manage the process of ensuring national economic security.

Development of the Recycling Industry Sector in Bulgaria in the Context of the Circular Economy Concept

The article examines the structure and results of the activities of enterprises from the raw materials and materials recycling sector in Bulgaria by subsectors from the National Classifier of Economic Activities (NCEA 2008). The article examines the structure of the recycling industry sector of the national economy with enterprises and resp. the results achieved by them in each of the directions – waste collection, waste recycling and waste disposal. The research interest and choice of this sector of the national economy is not accidental. It is provoked by its importance for building a circular economy, the fight against climate change and the concept of secondary utilization of the exhaustible resources of our planet. The purpose of the article is to make a comparison and outline the directions of development of the enterprises from the recycling industry in Bulgaria in comparison with the general economic development of the country in recent years. Statistical data for the enterprises from the recycling industry were used in relation to selected economic indicators – turnover, value of long-term tangible assets, value of short-term tangible assets, employed personnel, investments made, etc. At the national macro level, and as a basis for comparison, the main macroeconomic indicators are observed – gross domestic product, gross domestic product per capita and foreign direct investments. By using the methods of comparison, retrospective analysis, technical analysis, etc. principles and regularities in the economic development of the sector and its importance for the general economic development of the country have been identified.

Prediction and policy: Do empirical gross calorific value prediction help reduce coal testing overload?

The gross calorific value (GCV) of coal is pivotal in shaping policies across various sectors of the Indian economy. It plays a crucial role in classification and valuation of coal and is a major factor in determining electricity tariffs charged by thermal power plants. With coal production escalating year-on-year to meet India's increasing electricity demand, there is significant rise in coal testing activities along the pit-to-power supply chain at multiple points and by multiple testing agencies often driven by sector-specific policy requirements. While laboratory testing accurately determines GCV, it is costly and time-consuming due to the reliance on expensive equipment and skilled personnel. Global researchers have previously devised a plethora of empirical formulae predicting GCV based on its correlations with easy-to-measure properties like moisture and ash content. However, the applicability and utility of these formulae to the prevalent policy matrix of coal and power sector remain to be explored. The introduction of independent third-party assessment of coal quality by Coal India Limited in 2016 has generated a vast dataset of coal sample-test results, offering an opportunity to reassess existing empirical formulae, test their alignment with existing policies, and explore possibility of a unified, region-neutral formula for rapid GCV prediction with a special focus on alleviating the current overload in coal testing.

MARKETING DIGITAL PARA STARTUPS: MARKETING DIGITAL PARA MICROEMPRESÁRIOS, UMA IDEIA REVOLUCIONÁRIA PARA ALCANÇAR O SUCESSO

Who never faced lines to make a payment or even to buy a certain product. Some time ago we did this, wasting hours in market lines, banks, bookstores and airports. Nowadays we can do all of this, without having to queue, without leaving home or watching a movie; reducing waiting time, being able to receive at home. All of this is in the consumer's possession, through his Smartphone device. As a result, the importance of developing and working on an action plan with digital marketing grows; because every person who has a device your company will be there too. It is possible to ask scientifically how Digital Marketing is a factor influencing consumer behavior in the Brazilian economic sector, how often consumers buy over the internet. What companies face today is not a lack of inputs (raw materials and components), or service companies. And, yes, the lack of loyal customers (followers). Contemporary companies can manufacture products beyond what customers can consume. This increases the level of competition in the competitive market, and consumers are the winners. The success of an electronic business depends on many factors. It is not enough for the company to have a welltructured website, with an attractive design and the best technologies. Companies and startups must go beyond the perception of customers, they must engender a profitable reciprocal familiarity. The company needs to define its position in the market, and envision possible future scenarios. Digital Marketing is an undeniable reality that has been joining forces with traditional commerce, a versatile means of communication that integrates sales opportunities, customer relations and positive word of mouth advertising.

Mitigating China's process-related greenhouse gas emissions via supply chain management

As the world's largest industrial producer, China's deep decarbonization of industrial process-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is essential in fulfilling the goal of reaching net zero emissions. Previous studies focused more on emission inventories and abatement technologies, however, final demand also plays a significant role in driving China's industrial process-related GHG emissions. Based on the environmentally extended input-output analysis and structural path analysis, this study explores detailed industrial process-related GHG emissions inventory and investigates critical supply chain paths of 17 products and 16 types of GHG emissions. The results show that industrial process-related GHG emissions reached 1887.1 Mt CO2-eq in 2018, of which more than three-fifths was induced by fixed capital formation. The entirety of the Construction sector amounted to 54.6% of the total embodied industrial process-related GHG emissions. After examining the embodied industrial process-related GHG emissions paths, critical economic sectors such as Construction, Nonmetallic Mineral, Chemical, and the paths of “Nonmetallic Mineral → Construction → Fixed capital formation and Nonmetallic Mineral → Nonmetallic Mineral → Construction → Fixed capital formation” were identified as the main contributor. In considering of the enormous challenges during mitigating GHG emissions from process-related industries, it is essential to identify and optimize critical supply chains, which provides new insights into China's industrial process transition towards a low-carbon economy.

Estimating dynamics of dengue disease in Colombo district of Sri Lanka with environmental impact by quantifying the per-capita vector density

Dengue is a vector-borne disease transmitted to humans by vectors of genus Aedes causing a global threat to health, social, and economic sectors in many of the tropical countries including Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka, the tropical climate, marked by seasonal weather primarily influenced by monsoons, fosters optimal conditions for the virus to spread efficiently. This heightened transmission results in increased per-capita vector density. In this work, we investigate the dynamic influence of environmental conditions on dengue emergence in Colombo district − the geographical region with the highest recorded dengue threat in Sri Lanka. An iterative approach is employed to dynamically estimate dengue cases leveraging the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, utilizing the dynamics of four seasons per year influenced by monsoon weather patterns governing in the region. The developed algorithm allows to estimate the risk of dengue outbreaks in 2017 and 2019 with high precision, facilitating accurate forecasts of upcoming disease emergence patterns for better preparedness. The uncertainty quantification not only validated the accuracy of outbreak estimates but also showcased the model’s capacity to capture extreme cases and revealed undisclosed external factors such as human mobility and environmental pollution that might affect dengue transmission in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka.

Small-scale fisherfolk organizations: Do current conditions facilitate their effective contribution to the value chain?

Small-scale fishing organizations in Colombia face significant barriers in accessing fair markets for their fish products. This reality has led to the development of various support and promotion programs, which have not prospered as sustainable strategies. The aim of this work was to analyze the predominant strengths and weaknesses within fisherfolk organizations, assessing their capacity to be part of a more equitable value chain. The Diagnosis of the Small-scale Fisherfolk Organizations tool (DOPA, for its Spanish acronym) was developed, integrating five components and including 22 indicators. This tool assesses organizations considering five components: i) organizational capacity, ii) social capital and welfare, iii) risks, iv) fishing activity information, and v) commercialization. The obstacles identified within the context of small-scale fishing in a value chain are directly linked with their social fabric, the policy and legislation of development programs, and the lack of understanding of fishing activity as an economic sector. These barriers have impacts on the well-being of fisherfolk as well as on the management of fishing resources.

Analisis Potensi Unggulan Kabupaten Empat Lawang Menggunakan Alat Analisis Regional

Empat Lawang Regency, once classified as a disadvantaged region, has made significant progress in improving the welfare of its population. This is reflected in the declining poverty rate and increasing Human Development Index (HDI). However, the region's economic growth, as measured by GRDP and GRDP per capita, lags behind other regions in Sumatera Selatan. This research seeks to pinpoint the key economic sectors driving Empat Lawang Regency's development by employing a combined analysis of LQ, Shift Share, and Tipology Klassen. The analysis results indicate that no sector can be unequivocally classified as a leading sector in Empat Lawang Regency. Nonetheless, several sectors such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries, wholesale and retail trade, also the other sectors exhibit potential for further growth. These findings underscore the importance of targeted policies and investments to stimulate economic growth and enhance the livelihoods of the local population.

A bottom-up nationwide analysis of sectoral land use reveals spatial heterogeneity across the United States

The high degree of urbanization and economic development in the United States has intensified competition for land resources, leading to land use conflicts and environmental challenges. Addressing these issues first requires an exploration of high-resolution, sector-specific land use patterns. However, existing land classification studies rarely provide spatially explicit data on urban land use across all sectors at a national level. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing land use areas across various economic sectors in the United States, particularly focusing on urban impervious surfaces. Using a bottom-up approach, we created a full-sector land use inventory, integrating Points of Interest (POI) data, road networks, building characteristics, and geographic information processing techniques. Our primary innovation lies in the development of a spatially explicit database that details sector-specific land use areas nationwide. On this robust foundation, we further explored the heterogeneity of sectoral land use eco-efficiency (SLUEE) among different sectors and states, providing supplementary insights into spatial disparities in urban land use. Our findings reveal significant spatial heterogeneity, with service sectors dominating land use and exhibiting higher SLUEE compared to goods-producing industries. Key sectors such as Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (441064.58 ha), and Administrative and Support Services (420148.34 ha) are prominent across states according to land use area, reflecting the country's service-oriented economy. Additionally, regional disparities in SLUEE are evident, with jurisdictions like Washington D.C., New York, and California demonstrating more efficient land use. Compared with traditional land use evaluations, our model effectively offers higher spatial resolution, down to the census block level, to sectoral land use evaluation. Building on this robust database, our SLUEE analysis has uncovered notable heterogeneity between sectors and states, offering new insights into cross-sectoral and inter-state land use dynamics that can inform and promote sustainable urban planning.

ОЦЕНКА АНТРОПОГЕННОЙ НАГРУЗКИ НА ВОДОСБОР БАССЕЙНА РЕКИ ТОБЫЛ ОТ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ С МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИМ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕМ КАЧЕСТВА ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ ВОД

Based on a systematic analysis of the structure and dynamics of water resource usage in the catchment area of the Tobyl River basin, the dynamics of the formation of geoecological conditions of water use in the economic sectors within the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied. The analysis revealed a significant load from return waters and pollutants, indicating a high and potentially catastrophic pressure that requires regulation of both natural and anthropogenic activities to ensure the region’s sustainable development in the future. A generalized water use scheme for the Kazakh part of the Tobyl River basin was developed, which facilitates the formation of mathematical, physical, and chemical indicators for water management and hydrochemical balance equations. This, in turn, allowed for the creation of a mathematical model of water quality and the determination of the maximum permissible discharge volume of return waters in the river basins. The model ensures compliance with sanitary-epidemiological standards and helps preserve the ecological state of water bodies while supporting the planning of water protection measures to achieve the desired level of water quality in the river.

Analysis of the employment structure of ukraine’s population during the war

Structural shifts in employment in the modern Ukrainian economy are caused by factors such as the military situation, technological progress, demographic changes, and economic instability. These changes affect the sectoral, gender, and regional distribution of workers and require adaptation from labor market participants and social policies to ensure the stability and efficiency of employment. Addressing structural shifts in employment in Ukraine requires a comprehensive approach, which includes stimulating the development of new economic sectors, supporting entrepreneurship, modernizing education and training, and providing social protection for workers during reorientation and retraining processes. Such an approach will help achieve a balanced state of supply and demand in the labor market, thereby ensuring long-term societal protection and well-being.