Sections Of Uterus Research Articles

Observations about declining fertility in a feline breeding colony

Feline breeding colonies are important to the feline industry by preserving traits desirable for a particular breed or in research settings by maintaining medically valuable genetic traits. As breeding females age, their reproductive efficiency declines. The objective of this study was to determine the most common causes of infertility in breeding females that were producing fewer kittens. Knowing the cause and average age of infertility would allow management decisions to be made for the betterment of the colony. The medical records of 70 queens retired from breeding from a single research colony were examined for litter size and number, fertility over their lifespan, and age and reason for removal from breeding stock. Sections of uterus and ovaries were evaluated using gross and histopathological examination for a subset of these queens (46). The data suggests that mature, continuously breeding female cats may show signs of reduced fertility (infertile matings or reduced litter size) as early as 3 years of age and may be a result of undiagnosed Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia (CEH), endometritis, pyometra and/or ovarian cysts. Evaluation of breeding queens should include periodic ultrasounds to monitor for ovarian cysts and evidence of CEH. Retiring animals from breeding once signs of infertility become apparent is recommended.

Prediction of Endometrial Pathology by Endometrial Cut-Off Thickness in Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Aim: To determinecut-off endometrial thickness for prediction of endometrial pathology in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Niazi Medical & Dental College, Sargodha from 1st October 2021 to 30th September 2022. Methodology: Seventy perimenopausal women who were above the age of 40 years and were suffering from acute urinary bleeding were enrolled. Transvaginal ultrasound was conducted. Uterus as well as adnexa were scanned longitudinally ad transversally. Doppler was activated and hemodynamic-parameters were bilaterally examined from the main dominant uterine arteries branch to the cervical-corporal section of uterus. Endometrial vessels color flow examination detected number, size, as well as vessel regularity of branching. Three different vascular patterns were observed. Results: The mean age of the women in Group I was 44.25 ± 2.69 years where as in Group II cases it was mean 47.16 ± 3.25 years. Transvaginal ultrasound endometrial thickness cut-off was determined as >10.5mm. Comorbidities were higher in the Group II with neoplastic changes observed. The value of obesity, age, hypertension and diabetes as well as endometrial thickness >10.5 were significantly higher in mltivariant analysis whereas age, obesity and ET>10.5 was increased in the univariate analysis as well. Transvaginal ultrasound-endometrial thickness >10.5mm was having highest value of sensitivity and specificity Conclusion: Perimenopausal women suffering with abnormal uterine bleeding should undergo histopathological examination if they have a transvaginal ultrasound-endometrial thickness value greater than 10.5mm.The main risk factors towards increased risk of endometrial pathology development are age and obesity. Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding, Endometrial carcinoma, Histopathology

TO THE QUESTION OF THE TECHNIQUE OF ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSY IN COWS

The article presents the results of studies of morphometric parameters of the reproductive system in cows. It was found that the diameter of the left horn in the bifurcation area significantly exceeds the diameter of the right horn of the uterus. The length of the uterus sections is 28.53% (left) and 29.68% (right) in relation to the total length of the egg ducts. The length of the uterine horns is 34% (left) and 32.52% (right), the body of the uterus is 6.53%, the neck is 2.31%, the vagina is 28.63% - 28.8%. The length of the left ovipositor in cows is less than the right ovipositor by 9.69%, and the length of the left uterine horn exceeded the indicator in the right by 9.53%. The diameter of the left egg duct is expanded in the caudal direction. The right ovipositor is narrowed in the medial area, and has no significant differences in width in the cranial and caudal parts. In the caudal direction, the diameter of the uterine horns increases. At the same time, the width of the left uterine horn is greater than the width of the right one in the middle by 7.33%, and in the caudal by 4.43%. The body and cervix are rectangular in shape. The widest part of the vagina is cranial. The vagina narrows in the caudal direction. The thickness of the wall of the horns and the body of the uterus is uneven. Areas with a thinner wall predominate. The mucous, submucosal and muscular layers of the left uterine horn are inferior by 21.97%, 33.3% and 20.79% to the corresponding indicators in the right uterine horn.

Indirect immunofluorescence assay using embryonated eggs of Toxocara in human toxocariasis diagnosis is unreliable due to autofluorescence nature

Toxocariasis is caused by infection with the nematode species Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. Serological methods using eggs, larvae and adult worms of Toxocara spp. as antigen have been used for the diagnosis of human toxocariasis. The current study aimed to evaluate indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using embryonated eggs of Toxocara for diagnosis of human toxocariasis. A total of 58 sera including twenty sera from patients with toxocariasis, 20 from healthy persons and 18 from patients with other parasitic infections were collected and used for the study. The embryonated eggs of Toxocara were prepared as antigen. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed using the frozen section of uterus containing embryonated T. canis eggs and unembryonated T. cati eggs. All serum samples had a positive reaction using IFA. The eggs of Toxocara as antigen exposed to the serum samples of toxocariasis, other parasitic infections and healthy persons, followed by IFA gave a bright greenish-yellow fluorescence. A number of samples such as eggs of Toxocara, Toxascaris, Trichuris and strongyloides larvae, and adult worm of Ancylostoma exhibited the bright greenish-yellow autofluorescence under fluorescent microscope. IFA using cryocut of embryonated eggs of Toxocara cannot be used for the diagnosis of human toxocariasis due to the existence of autofluorescence of the unembryonated and embryonated eggs, the second stage larva and adult worms of Toxocara spp.

Effect of Fenugreek Seeds in Maternal Diet on Some Features of Newborn Pups in Albino Mice

Introduction: Fenugreek seeds have got interest of researchers for their positive effects on laboratory animals and human being, including their effects on reproductive system. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 5% raw fenugreek seed and its boiled aqueous extract containing diet on adult female mice, for 2 weeks before mating, to evaluate fertility, and some features of newborn pups. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 adult female mice randomly and equally were divided into three groups. Group I: Control, Group II: Female mice treated with 5% raw fenugreek seed containing diet, and Group III: Female mice treated with boiled aqueous extract of 5% fenugreek seed containing diet. The animals were treated daily for 2 weeks before mating. Some of them were mated with normal males, while the others were used for uterus study. The following parameters were evaluated: Fertility of adult female mice; body weight (BW); uterus weight; uterus sections; litter size; sex ratio; live and dead pups; and pup BW. Results: There was non-significant change in litter size and sex ratio; live and dead pups; adult female BW; and uterus weight. While wet and dry weight of pups, were significantly increased. Histological sections in uterus showed multilayering in endometrial glands of both the experimental groups. No differences were observed between fenugreek treated groups. Conclusion: Both forms of fenugreek seed (raw and aqueous extract) induced significant increase in pup weight; possibly are due to multilayering in endometrial glands of uterus.

Metabolomics Study of Guizhi Fuling Capsules in Rats With Cold Coagulation Dysmenorrhea.

Dysmenorrhea refers to a kind of uterine cramping pain that occurs in women during the period of menstrual. Guizhi Fuling Capsules are mainly used for the treatment of various pain syndromes and especially effective in treating primary dysmenorrhea. However, the research on its modern pharmacology and mechanism of action have not been thoroughly carried out. It is not clear about the main active ingredients, potential targets and metabolic pathways involved in its efficacy. Therefore, this research project employed estradiol benzoate sensitization combined with oxytocin pain to construct the cold coagulation syndrome dysmenorrhea model, observed the anti-dysmenorrhea effect of Guizhi Fuling Capsules, and used the metabolomics to explore its mechanism. The results showed that Guizhi Fuling Capsules could considerably reduce the number of writhing times in dysmenorrhea rats, increasing the level of PGE2 and β-EP and reducing the contents of PGF2α in rat serum. Pathological sections of uterus and ovaries also showed that Guizhi Fuling Capsules could significantly relieve endometrial hyperplasia and improve ovarian function. The LC/MS-based metabolomics of rat uterine indicated that the model group has a great deviation from the control group. Compared with the model group, the Guizhi Fuling Capsules group had a tendency to shift to the control group, and the main metabolic changes was mainly concentrated on saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Among them, arachidonic acid is in a pivotal position, and the expression of its rate-limiting enzyme (COX-2) involved in its cyclooxygenase metabolic pathway was significantly up-regulated in the model group, but significantly decreased after the intervention of Guizhi Fuling Capsules. In conclusion, Guizhi Fuling Capsules can effectively relieve primary dysmenorrhea, and this effect may be attributed to the regulation effects of Guizhi Fuling Capsules on endogenous metabolism, such as inhibiting arachidonic acid converted to prostaglandins through downregulate the expression of COX-2, which plays an anti-inflammatory effect.

Effect of migration, distribution and spacing of pig embryos on pregnancy and fetal survival

Pig embryos enter the uterus from the oviduct about 48 h after ovulation at about the 4-cell stage. They remain near the tip of the uterine horn until about Day 6 when they migrate towards the body of the uterus. By Day 9 some embryos have entered the horn opposite the one of origin and continue migrating until Day 12. At Day 12 embryos can no longer successfully move to a different site. The critical signal for recognition of pregnancy occurs at Day 12 at the same time that embryos are elongating at a rapid rate. The distribution of embryos throughout the length of the horns has occurred by this time and spacing accompanied by uterine growth takes place. The speed of migration is not influenced by the number of embryos but may be affected by secretions from the embryos acting on the uterus. A significant section of unoccupied uterus at Day 12 will prevent continuance of pregnancy regardless of the number of embryos present in the occupied section. When the number of embryos is so few as to not occupy the uterus fully, pregnancy will not continue. Removal of embryos from a significant section of the uterus after Day 14 does not stop an existing pregnancy. Embryos are spaced nearly equidistant from each other with the absolute space between fetuses dependent on the total uterine space available. The position of the fetus in the uterus affects the spacing between fetuses; fetuses at the tip of the horn before Day 25 have the greatest space with the space decreasing from the tip to the body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Evaluation of Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia and the Normal Estrous Cycle in Longitudinal Sections of Uterus from Female Harlan Sprague-Dawley Rats.

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has recently introduced the practice of examining longitudinal histological sections of the female rodent uterus to improve the identification of non-neoplastic lesions, preneoplastic lesions, and uterine tumors. This practice has created a need for reference material that includes normal histology, spontaneous lesions, and inducible lesions in longitudinal as well as transverse sections of the body of the uterus, uterine horns, cervix and vagina. Using 3 archived NTP reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, the authors reviewed longitudinal and transverse sections of uteri from female Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD® (Hsd:SD) rats for cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH). The purposes of this review were to (1) evaluate if existing criteria for CEH in transverse uterine sections could be applied to longitudinal sections to develop diagnostic features of CEH in longitudinal uterine sections of rat uterus and (2) create an atlas of the normal estrous cycle phases in longitudinal sections of young and mature adult Hsd:SD rat uteri. The information provided in this original article should help facilitate the examination of longitudinal sections of the uterus in future commercial and governmental rodent studies.

Effect of ethanolic preparations of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract on hematologic and histometric parameters of selected organs in Alloxan® induced diabetic female albino rats.

Assessment of the antidiabetic effect of cinnamon bark extract in histologic damages and some hematologic parameters in Alloxan® induced diabetic female albino rats. Thirty female albino rats weighing 150-230g were divided into five groups (n = 6): normal (G1) and diabetic groups (intraperitoneally Alloxan®-injected) including diabetic control (G2), Getformin @ 0.25 (G3), CE @ 0.10 (G4), and CE @ 0.20g/kg b.wt. (G5) for 49days. Blood glucose level and weight were measured on weekly interval for the period of seven weeks (49th day). Blood samples were collected for hematologic analysis. Tissue samples from uterus, liver and kidneys were processed by routine paraffine technique. Histologic sections of uterus were studied to measure endometrial glands area and thickness of endo- and myometrium. Liver and kidneys were evaluated for diabetes-induced degenerative changes andantidiabetic effect of cinnamon extract(CE). One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey test were used to compare the group means for each parameter. Statistical analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) deleterious effects of diabetes on all parameters studied, however, CE recovered hematological parameters significantly (P < 0.05) as seen in G3 and G5 groups which showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in uterus, liver and kidneys' histology. G4 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose at the 4th week which was maintained in subsequent weeks while G3 and G5 had significantly (P < 0.05) lowered the blood glucose from 1st week, although highly significant (P < 0.01) effect was observed during last two weeks of the study. Anti-diabetic activity of cinnamon extract was found significant in Alloxan® induced hyperglycemic rats in dose-dependent manners. CE has potential to restore diabetes induced hematological disturbances and histological damages in uterus, liver and kidney due to the presence of cinnamic acid, anhydride tannin and methyl-hydroxy chalcone polymer. Hence, CE can be recommended for the management of glucose homeostasis to avoid diabetes-associated disturbances in female rats.

Sodium butyrate alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis in mice through inhibiting inflammatory response

Endometritis is commonly occurred in dairy cows after calving and results in a great deal of property damage. Although numerous studies have been performed to find the therapeutic agents for endometritis, the incidence of this disease remains high. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the major metabolic products of anaerobic bacteria fermentation in the gut, have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of sodium butyrate (SB) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis in mice. The mice were administered by intraperitoneal injection of SB at 1 h before LPS injection. 24 h later, the uterus tissues were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained sections of uterus were used to determine the degree of the damage. Uterine myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was used to analyze neutrophil granulocytes concentration. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured by ELISA. The activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway proteins were detected by Western blot analysis. The results showed that SB significantly attenuated the pathological injury of the uterus tissues. SB also suppressed LPS-induced MPO activity and the production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that SB inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, SB could inhibit histone deacetylases. In summary, SB protects against LPS-induced endometritis through HDAC inhibition.

Effect of Thymus vulgaris leaves Extract and Ceftriaxone on induced Pyometra in mice

Aim of study: The current study was made to estimate the role of Thymus vulgaris extract and ceftriaxone on induced pyometra. Materials and methods: 17a-ethinyl estradiol (15µg/kg) was used to induce pyometra. Fifty female animals were dispersed into five collections. The 1st group (G1) was induced and treated with a daily dose of Thymus vulgaris leaves extract (500 mg / kg) administered orally, the 2ed group (G2) was induced and given I/M daily dose of Ceftriaxone (5mg/kg), the 3ed group (G3) was induced and treated daily with Thymus vulgaris leaves extract (250 mg / kg) and given I/M daily dose of Ceftriaxone (2.5 mg/kg), while 4rth group (G4) was induced and treated with distilled water, with the 5rth group (G5) was without any treatment. Results: The PCV and Hb levels in G3 revealed a significant elevation as equated with G2 and G4. The values of WBCs, N% and M% in G1 and G3 indicated a significant elevation as equated with G2 and G5. The levels of albumin, globulin, FSH and LH in G1 and G3 exhibited a significant rise as equated with G2. Fertility index% in G3 revealed an improvement of fertility more than other treated groups. The histopathological section of the uterus in G4 displayed severe hemorrhage with hyperplasia of epithelial cells. The uterus in G1 exposed mononuclear cells penetration in all layers of the uterus. The uterus in G2 showed marked neutrophils and mononuclear cells penetration in subepithelial. The uterus section of the animal in G3 showed mononuclear cells infiltration in all layers of the uterus. Conclusion: From this study, we concluded that the using of Thymus vulgaris extract with ceftriaxone had the ability in treatment pyometra with reducing and preventing side effect of ceftriaxone.

EP22.09: Handheld ultrasound device: transverse section of uterus as a plane of choice for postpartum period

We wanted to know which traditional sections of uterus in postpartum period are most easily and reliably obtained using VSCAN ultrasound device. Handheld ultrasound device was used in bedside manner during the clinical evaluation of patients in days following delivery. Evaluation of the endometrium thickness was made using sagittal and transverse sections of the uterus. Images were recorded during the examination and compared in terms of good, average or poor. For each examination, quality of images of sagittal and transverse section was compared to each other. Visualisation of whole uterus in sagittal plane in a single image was possible in 89,7 % of 214 examinations. Endometrium in a sagittal plane was visible 177 (82,7 %) cases with good, average or poor image quality in 108 (50,5 %), 84 (39,3 %), 22 (10,2 %) examinations, respectively. In comparison to sagittal view, transverse section of uterus was obtained in all examinations. Outline of a whole uterus was captured in the image in 212 (99,1 %) examinations and endometrium was visualised in almost all examinations (99,5 %). Quality of the images was appraised as good, average, poor in 131 (61,2 %), 68 (31,8 %), 15 (7,0 %) examinations, respectively. Visualisation of endometrium was better in transverse section then in sagittal section in 169 (79,0 %) examinations. Supporting information can be found in the online version of this abstract Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Sentinel lymph node mapping in endometrial cancer: comparison of fluorescence dye with traditional radiocolloid and blue.

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in endometrial cancer (EMCA) is rapidly gaining acceptance in the clinical community. As compared to a full lymphadenectomy in every patient, to a selective lymphadenectomy after frozen section of uterus in selected patients with intrauterine risk factors or to a strategy in which a lymphadenectomy is always omitted, SLN mapping seems to be a reasonable and oncologically safe middle ground. Various protocols can be used when applying an SLN mapping. In this manuscript we review the characteristics, toxicity and clinical impact of technetium-99m radiocolloid (Tc-99m), of the blue dyes (methylene blue, isosulfan blue and patent blue) and of indocyanine green (ICG). ICG has an excellent toxicity profile, has higher overall and bilateral detection rates as compared to blue dyes and higher bilateral detection rates as compared to a combination of Tc-99m and blue dye. The detrimental effect of BMI on the detection rates is attenuated when ICG is used as a tracer. The ease of use of the ICG SLN mapping is perceived by the patients as a better quality of care delivered. Whenever possible, ICG should be favored over the other tracers for SLN mapping in EMCA patients.

Причини патологічних змін у матці собак та котів

Our analysis of macro preparations and microscopic observation of histological sections of uterus have shown that in case of chlamydia or mycoplasma infection even clinically healthy animals have observed changes in the tissues of the uterus in the form of degeneration, hyperplasia and fibrosis. The consequence of chronic inflammation of chlamydia and mycoplasma infections is the thickening of affected mucosal tissue, epithelial metaplasia in multi-flat epithelium, followed by growth of connective scar tissue. This leads to future infertility or acute endometritis when joining secondary microflora. In animals with obstetric and gynecological pathology diagnosed with chlamydia and mycoplasma infections are characterized by proliferative, degenerative and necrotic changes in all layers of the uterus, changes in the form of cystic or chronic lymphocytic endometritis. Chlamydia and mycoplasma infections not only cause inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, but are a pathogenetic factor in the tumors of the uterus. Clinically healthy animals without chlamydia and mycoplasma infections doesn’t have pathological changes in the uterus.

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on the reproductive system of female rats (Rattus norvegicus ) treated with lead acetate

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the CoQ10 on the reproductive system of female rats and it's ability to reduce the harmful effect of lead acetate. To achieve this goal an experiment was done on 24 mature female rats which are randomly divided into 4 groups, group(1) treated with 1ml/kg corn oil and considered as a negative control group, group(2) treated with CoQ10 at dose 200 mg/kg and considered as a positive control group, group(3) treated with lead acetate at dose 8mg /kg ,and group (4) treated with lead acetate for 30 days then after CoQ10 for another 30 days. Blood samples were taken from all animals after 60 days for biochemical analysis to estimate FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone hormones .Histological examinations of an ovary and uterus were also involved in this study. Results showed a significant increase (p&lt; 0.05) in serum FSH, estrogen and progesterone levels in group(2) compared to other groups while LH level was significantly increased (p&lt; 0.05) compared to group (3). Group( 3) showed a significant decrease (p&lt; 0.05) in serum FSH, LH level in compared to group (1) and group( 4 ),while progesterone and estrogen levels showed no significant difference (p&gt; 0.05) compared to group(1) . At the same time, there were no significant difference (p&gt; 0.05) in serum LH, estrogen and progesterone levels in group (4) compared to group(1), while there was a significant decrease (p&lt; 0.05) in serum FSH level in group(4) compared group(1). The results of ovary sections ,group( 2) showed normal structure and distribution pattern of various ovary components, while group (3)showed sever hemorrhage in the ovarian stroma and suppression of ovarian follicles. Group(4) showed particular recovery in ovarian parenchyma. Uterus sections of group(2) showed normal epithelium which lining the uterus and there is destitution uterine glands. Group(3) showed epithelium degenerative, small and non developed uterine glands and hemorrhage in uterine tissue .Other wised uterus in group (4)showed normal columnar epithelium which lining the uterus, and proliferation of uterine glands.

Efficient production of cynomolgus monkeys with a toolbox of enhanced assisted reproductive technologies.

The efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in nonhuman primates is low due to no screening criterions for selecting sperm, oocyte, and embryo as well as its surrogate mothers. Here we analyzed 15 pairs of pregnant and non-pregnant cynomolgus monkeys, each pair of which received embryos from one batch of fertilized oocytes, and found ratio of endometrial to myometrial thicknesses in abdominal ultrasonic transverse section of uterus is a reliable indicator for selection of recipients for embryo transfer. We performed 305 ovarian stimulations in 128 female cynomolgus monkeys and found that ovarian stimulation can be performed in a whole year and repeated up to six times in the same monkey without deteriorating fertilization potential of eggs until a poor response to stimulation happened. Fertilization can be efficiently achieved with both conventional and piezo-driven intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedures. In semen collection, semen quality is higher with the penile robe electrical stimulus method compared with the rectal probe method. Moreover, caesarean section is an effective strategy for increasing baby survival rates of multiple pregnancies. These findings provide a practical guidance for the efficient use of ARTs, facilitating their use in genetic engineering of macaque monkeys for basic and translational neuroscience research.

A model for radiating leg pain of endometriosis

Endometriosis is a prevalent female health disorder that often leads to back pain and radiating leg pain. Patients with such pain often seek care from multiple health care professionals, including manual therapists. We hypothesized that endometrioma can induce nerve inflammation thus the radiating leg pain that often accompanies endometriosis. To model sciatic endometriosis in female Wistar rats, a section of uterine horn was autotransplanted to the sciatic nerve. Uterus sections with the endometrium removed and autotransplanted to the sciatic nerve served as controls. After 1, 3, and 15 months the nerves were harvested and processed for immune cell presence and for neural elements. Control nerves were harvested after 4 months. All autotransplants survived, resulting in a fusion of the uterus sections to the nerves. Macroscopically, turgid cysts apposed to the nerves characterized the complexes. Microscopically, the complexes contained recruited macrophages, indicating persistent inflammation, and were innervated by small diameter axons. Only 1 of 8 control rats developed a small cyst, presumably due to residual endometrium. The persistent immune response and innervation suggest the nerve-uterus complexes as sources of inflammation and persistent neural discharge, and thus pain. This model could shed light upon the radiating leg pain that often accompanies endometriosis. Manual therapists should be aware of the possibility of endometriosis causing symptoms and examination findings that mimic musculoskeletal etiologies.

Errata

The Obstetrician & GynaecologistVolume 17, Issue 2 p. 110-110 ErratumFree Access Errata This article corrects the following: Latest evidence on using hormone replacement therapy in the menopause Shagaf H Bakour MD FRCOG, Jennifer Williamson MB BCh BAO FFSRH, Volume 17Issue 1The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist pages: 20-28 First Published online: December 19, 2014 First published: 18 April 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/tog.12195AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat In the following article1, there was a typesetting error in Figure 1, third column below Intact uterus section on page 23. The incorrect box read: <12 months amenorrhoea It should have read: >12 months amenorrhoea Reference 1Bakour SH, Williamson J. Latest evidence on using hormone replacement therapy in the menopause. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2015; 17: 20– 8. Wiley Online LibraryWeb of Science®Google Scholar Volume17, Issue2April 2015Pages 110-110 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Comparison of Vibratome and Compresstome sectioning of fresh primate lymphoid and genital tissues for in situ MHC-tetramer and immunofluorescence staining.

BackgroundFor decades, the Vibratome served as a standard laboratory resource for sectioning fresh and fixed tissues. In skilled hands, high quality and consistent fresh unfixed tissue sections can be produced using a Vibratome but the sectioning procedure is extremely time consuming. In this study, we conducted a systematic comparison between the Vibratome and a new approach to section fresh unfixed tissues using a Compresstome. We used a Vibratome and a Compresstome to cut fresh unfixed lymphoid and genital non-human primate tissues then used in situ tetramer staining to label virus-specific CD8 T cells and immunofluorescent counter-staining to label B and T cells. We compared the Vibratome and Compresstome in five different sectioning parameters: speed of cutting, chilling capability, specimen stabilization, size of section, and section/staining quality.ResultsOverall, the Compresstome and Vibratome both produced high quality sections from unfixed spleen, lymph node, vagina, cervix, and uterus, and subsequent immunofluorescent staining was equivalent. The Compresstome however, offered distinct advantages; producing sections approximately 5 times faster than the Vibratome, cutting tissue sections more easily, and allowing production of larger sections.ConclusionsA Compresstome can be used to generate fresh unfixed primate lymph node, spleen, vagina, cervix and uterus sections, and is superior to a Vibratome in cutting these fresh tissues.

Estrogen receptor modulatory effects of germinated brown rice bioactives in the uterus of rats through the regulation of estrogen-induced genes

PurposeThe expression of genes regulated by estrogen in the uterus was studied in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with germinated brown rice (GBR) bioactives, and compared to Remifemin or estrogen at different doses to identify the regulation of these genes in the uterus and their molecular mechanisms.MethodsRats were treated orally with GBR bioactives (phenolics), acylated steryl glucosides (ASG), γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and γ-oryzanol (ORZ) at 100 and 200 mg/kg, Remifemin (REM) at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, or estrogen (EST) at 0.2 mg/kg. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from the uterus, and messenger (m)RNA expression of selected genes encoding estrogen receptor-beta (ER-β), calcium-binding protein (CaBP9k), complement protein (C3), heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70), and interleukin (IL)-4 receptor were quantified. Similarly, serum steroid hormone concentration was monitored at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatments. ER-β antibody binding to the uterus sections was also studied using immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe group treated with EST (0.2 mg/kg) upregulated ER-β, C3, and IL-4 receptor genes compared to other groups (P<0.001). GBR phenolics (200 mg/kg) treatment upregulated the ER-β gene almost to the level of the sham non-treated group. The CaBP9k gene showed upregulation in groups treated with ASG (200 mg/kg), EST (0.2 mg/kg), and ORZ (200 mg/kg) (P<0.05). Estrogen levels increased in groups treated with EST, ASG, and ORZ (200 mg/kg) compared to the OVX untreated group (P<0.05), and there was a slight non-significant decrease (P>0.05) in the progesterone levels in the OVX untreated group compared to the sham and other treated groups. There was a significant increase at 8 weeks in the level of FSH (P<0.05) in the treated groups compared to the OVX untreated group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) between the OVX untreated group and other groups. The sham and GBR phenolics treated group showed ER-β reactivity at the glandular epithelium, while the group treated with EST showed immunoreactivity at the glandular, luminal, and stromal epithelium.ConclusionGBR phenolics moderately regulate the expression of ER-β, HSP70, and IL-4 receptor genes, and gave a positive immunoreaction to ER-β antigen in the uterus. ASG regulates the expression of CaBP9k and IL-4 receptor genes, and ORZ regulates the expression of the CaBP9k gene, while GABA at 100 mg/kg regulates the expression of the HSP70 gene. GBR and its bioactives might have an effect on estrogen-regulated genes in the uterus of rats.