Sectioning Technique Research Articles

Shear Performance of Reinforced Concrete T Beams Strengthened by Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars

The primary purpose of this work is to investigate the shear response of T-reinforced concrete beams strengthened for shear using the embedded through section (ETS) technique when subjected to a monotonic one-point load till failure. The experimental approach included an examination of the twelve reinforced concrete T-beams, including two reference beams without any strengthening and ten strengthened beams. The twelve beams were divided into two main groups, with and without stirrups. The main variables in every group were the spacing and angle of inclination of the carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars. The beams were strengthened in shear with CFRP bars inserted in the centre line of the section with different spacings and angles of inclination. The experimental analysis was performed to study the effect of spacing and angle of inclination of the CFRP bars on the ultimate load capacity, load-strain relationships, and load-deflection relationships. Results showed that the ultimate load of the beams in group one with inclined CFRP bars (45°) increased by 29.7, 22.4, and 15.5% for beams with CFRP bar spacings of 10, 15, and 20 cm, respectively, compared with the reference beam. In group one (with stirrups), the beam with inclined CFRP bars (45°) and a spacing of 10 cm has an ultimate load higher than that with vertical CFRP bars (90°) with a similar spacing by 2.6%. By contrast, the beam with inclined CFRP bars (45°) and a spacing of 10 cm in group two (without stirrups) has an ultimate load higher than that with vertical CFRP bars (90°) with a similar spacing by 2.5%. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-04 Full Text: PDF

The term “classic invasive lobular carcinoma” of the breast defines breast malignancies of vastly different nature

PurposeTo describe in detail the special features of a previously unappreciated “classic invasive lobular carcinoma” which is confined to the terminal ductal lobular units (TDLUs) and differs considerably from the extensive classic invasive lobular carcinoma, and to suggest specific terminology. MethodAll invasive breast cancer cases without associated microcalcifications diagnosed in our Institution with the histopathologic diagnosis of classic invasive lobular carcinoma during the years 1996–2019 (n = 560) formed the basis of this study. The cases were prospectively classified according to their imaging biomarkers (mammographic features) and followed up to Dec 31, 2021, to determine long-term patient outcome. An additional 2600 invasive breast cancer cases (diagnosed other than invasive lobular carcinoma) without associated microcalcifications served as a reference group. Detailed histopathologic analysis used large format (10x8 cm) thin section technique and staining methods including hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), E-cadherin, cytokeratin CK 5/6, a transmembrane glycoprotein (CD44) and anti-actin or anti-smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. ResultsThe imaging biomarkers differentiated two separate disease subgroups, having the same histopathologic diagnosis, classic invasive lobular carcinoma. One of these has the imaging biomarker of extensive architectural distortion with no central tumour mass, occupies the extralobular mesenchyme and has a long-term survival of 56%. The other subgroup forms stellate or circular non-calcified tumour masses usually smaller than 20 mm, which appear to arise in the intralobular mesenchyme, and has a significantly better long-term survival of 84%. ConclusionsThere is a striking difference between the subgross histopathology and the mammographic appearance (imaging biomarkers) of two breast malignancies having the same histopathologic diagnosis, “classic invasive lobular carcinoma”. The large difference in the long-term outcome of these two tumour types is even more striking. Using the same specific term, “classic invasive lobular carcinoma”, to describe these two separate entities can adversely affect management decisions.

Damage-reliability approach for fatigue crack propagation in MDPE gas pipe

Fatigue crack propagation tests are carried out on arc-shaped specimens prepared from MDPE gas pipes. Damage zone characterization is achieved using the diamond wafer sectioning technique from partially propagated and prematurely arrested cracks. Damage ahead of the crack-tip is used to assess a damage parameter and reliability based on statistical laws and subsequent use the PHIMECA Software. It is shown that a length and a width associated with a corresponding change in thickness at the fracture surface satisfactorily describe the damage zone size. The 3-parameter Weibull model gives the best reliability behavior and a critical lifetime of 82%. When considering separately both the Dugdale model and experimental damage zone measurements, it is possible to establish the evolution of the reliability index as a function of crack length. It is concluded that the reliability index approach based on damage provides a more consistent representation compared to analytical models.

Age estimates derived from hard parts of swordfish Xiphias gladius from the north-western Mediterranean Sea.

Accurate age estimates for fish are critical for properly understanding stock dynamics and health; this is particularly true for larger billfishes. Here we determined the most accurate aging estimation methods for swordfish (Xiphias gladius). We compared age estimates obtained from fin-ray sections, otolith sections, whole otoliths, and vertebrae collected from 87 swordfish off the east coast of Corsica. Age estimates from otolith sections were most consistently estimated across different readers (lowest average percentage error), followed by fin-ray sections, third vertebrae, and whole otoliths. When the age estimates from the otolith sections were compared with the other three age sclerochronological methods, we found the average percentage error to be lowest between the otolith section and fin-ray methods. However, age estimates from fin rays proved most useful for estimating swordfish younger than 6 years, as the fin ray-based age diverged from that of the otolith sections as the swordfish aged. Combining fin ray and otolith section techniques, we estimated the growth parameters of 1-12-year-old females (L∞ = 259.412, k = 0.113, t0 = -2.499) and 1-7-year-old males (L∞ = 175.543, k = 0.202, t0 = -2.239). We found that females grew significantly faster than males after 3 years and remained larger thereafter. Our calculated growth rates for this region of the north-western Mediterranean Sea were lower than those of the Atlantic, Pacific, and eastern Mediterranean Sea swordfish populations, and similar to growth rates recorded for the western Mediterranean Sea populations. Our study provides critical knowledge on biological-related parameters to serve as a guide for preserving the swordfish population in the Mediterranean Sea.

Microstructural study of apple slices during hot air‐explosion puffing drying

AbstractIn order to reveal the change laws of microstructure in apple slices during hot air‐explosion puffing drying, the microstructure images and parameters of apple slices under different drying conditions were obtained by using paraffin sectioning, microscopic observation, and image processing techniques with apples as raw material and CO2 as drying medium. Subsequently, the changes in internal cell and pore structure of dried apple slices were analyzed, as well as the relationship between micro‐parameters of apple slices and macro‐measurement indicators was further obtained. Results indicated that the overall cross‐sectional area, cross‐sectional perimeter, equivalent diameter, and porosity of cells increased by explosion puffing drying, while the cell roundness and wall roughness factors changed relatively little. Meanwhile, macro–micro parameters of expanded apples were fitted and analyzed. Then, the obtained mathematical model showed a nonlinear correlation as experimental and predicted results exhibited good agreement, with determination coefficients R2 more significant than 0.8, which could better expect the macro–microparameters to change in the drying process. The results of this research could provide an essential reference for exploring the change laws of tissue microstructure parameters in apples dried by hot air‐explosion puffing drying, with expansion and rehydration ratios under different experimental conditions, as well as optimizing the puffing drying process and designing corresponding drying equipment.Practical ApplicationsFresh apples have high moisture content and are not easy to store, so drying is usually used to reduce the moisture content to extend shelf time and increase economic benefits. For the drying process of fruit and vegetable products, scholars mainly focused on the influence of microstructure parameters on moisture migration, drying rate, heat and mass transfer and other factors, but did not give a quantitative description of how microstructure parameters affect macroscopic parameters. In this article, the relationship between microstructural changes and macroscopic indicators was investigated by taking puffed apple slices as an example. Research could provide an essential reference for exploring the change laws of tissue microstructure parameters in apples dried by hot air‐explosion puffing drying, with expansion and rehydration ratios under different experimental conditions, as well as optimizing the puffing drying process and designing corresponding drying equipment.

Comparative Histoanatomy of the Epiglottis and Pre-epiglottic Space of the Chimpanzee Larynx

Understanding of the evolution of the larynx clarifies the physiology and functional histoanatomy of the present-day human organ. Comparative histoanatomy of the epiglottis and pre-epiglottic space of the chimpanzee larynx (a hominid, phyletic closest relative of humans) was investigated. Two normal adult chimpanzee larynges obtained from natural deaths were investigated. The whole organ serial section technique was employed. The histoanatomical structures of the chimpanzees' epiglottis and pre-epiglottic space were considerably similar to those of human adults. The chimpanzees' epiglottic cartilage was relatively thin and composed of elastic cartilage. These histologic findings of epiglottis indicate that the chimpanzee's epiglottis is flexible and plays the role of retroflection. The chimpanzees' larynges had a pre-epiglottic space composed of adipose tissue and loose connective tissue. Epiglottic cartilage was connected to the thyroid cartilage anteroinferiorly with an intervening thyroepiglottic ligament and to the hyoid bone anteriorly with an intervening hyoepiglottic ligament. These histoanatomical structures of the epiglottis and pre-epiglottic space reflect the fact that chimpanzees have a descended larynx and acquire the pharyngeal space of the vocal tract. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that, in the process of evolution, the histoanatomical structures of the epiglottis and pre-epiglottic space change and allow the larynx to descend and lengthen the pharyngeal space of the vocal tract which facilitates speech production in humans. Moreover, the distribution of the human pre-epiglottic space likely allows the epiglottis to more effectively play the role of retroflection during swallowing in order to prevent aspiration.

On the polynomial integrability of the critical systems for optimal eigenvalue gaps

This exploration consists of two parts. First, we will deduce a family of critical systems consisting of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, indexed by the exponent p ∈ (1, ∞) of the Lebesgue spaces concerned. These systems can be used to obtain the optimal lower or upper bounds for eigenvalue gaps of Sturm–Liouville operators and are equivalent to non-convex Hamiltonian systems of two degrees of freedom. Second, with appropriate choices of exponents p, the critical systems are polynomial systems in four dimensions. These systems will be investigated from two aspects. The first one is that by applying the canonical transformation and the Darboux polynomial, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for polynomial integrability of these polynomial critical systems. As a special example, we conclude that the system with p = 2 is polynomial completely integrable in the sense of Liouville. The second is that the linear stability of isolated singular points is characterized. By performing the Poincaré cross section technique, we observe that the systems have very rich dynamical behaviors, including periodic trajectories, quasi-periodic trajectories, and chaos.

Evaluation of Microplastics and Microcystin-LR Effect for Asian Clams (Corbicula fluminea) by a Metabolomics Approach.

Microplastics (MP) and microcystins (MCs) are two co-occurring pollutants in freshwater ecosystems that pose significant risks to aquatic organisms and human health. This study investigates the interactions between MP and MCs and their effects on the metabolic responses of freshwater aquaculture. Asian clams have been used as an indicator of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. The present study investigates metabolic responses of Asian clams during microplastic and microcystin-LR stress to identify health impacts and elucidate mechanistic effects of external stressors on Asian clams. A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to identify metabolic perturbations and histological section technique was used to assess changes of tissues from different Asian clam treatment groups. The results showed significantly pathological changes in the gills and hepatopancreas in experimental clam compared to control (healthy) clam. Metabolomics revealed alterations of many metabolites in the hepatopancreas of six Asian clam comparison groups, reflecting perturbations in several molecular pathways, including energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein degradation/tissue damage, and oxidative stress. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding the interactions between MP and MCs and the need for proactive measures to safeguard freshwater ecosystems and human health.

ANDERSON BEHAVIORAL MODEL FOR HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG IMMIGRANTS IN SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

The population of immigrants in Malaysia has increased from 1.4 million back in 2000 to 5.3 million in 2018 besides the undocumented workers who are at high risk of poor physical, interaction problems and lack of health protection. This research has been carried out to study the immigrant populations awareness, accessibility and utilization of healthcare services based on Anderson’s Behavioural model among immigrants in Selangor, Malaysia. A cross sectional sampling technique involving immigrants at Selangor was carried out where a total of 271 respondents were assessed for their awareness regarding the availability, utilization and perception of the quality of healthcare services. Almost all of the immigrants reported being ted aware on the health services that are offered to immigrants although 47.2% of them expressed communication and language barriers to get the service. The majority of the immigrants can access to health service and 64.6% of the immigrants have sufficient information regarding healthcare services in Selangor, Malaysia. There is a relationship between the demographic data regarding their awareness and their perception regarding the service. Conclusion: Most of immigrants in Selangor, Malaysia has high level of awareness of the healthcare services and has good usage of the healthcare services. The limited access of the healthcare services is mostly among those with lower income (39.1%) or inadequate knowledge about healthcare (64.6%). Besides, nationalities of immigrants also one of the factors that contribute to usage of healthcare services and it low in Asia immigrants (86.3%).

The influence of secondary resection using NeuroSAFE-technique on sexual function in unilateral nerve-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomies.

To demonstrate the surgical influence of secondary resection on sexual function in finally unilateral nerve-sparing robot- assisted laparoscopic prostatectomies (RALPs) performed with the 'neurovascular structure-adjacent frozen-section examination' (NeuroSAFE) technique by prospectively collecting EPIC-26-questionnaires. Sexual function status measured by the sexual-symptom-score (SexSS) in the EPIC-26-questionnaires was collected preoperatively and 12 months after RALP from 378 patients between 09/2019 and 04/2021. Cohorts of interest were defined as those patients undergoing unilateral nerve-sparing by secondary resection of the other neurovascular bundle (NVB), and as those patients undergoing primarily planned and successful unilateral nerve-sparing (unilateral nerve-sparing without secondary resection) in ≤cT2 prostate cancer. NeuroSAFE frozen section technique was performed in all nerve-sparing RALPs, and in case of cancer-positive surgical margins, the complete NVB was resected. In 109 RALPs with unilateral nerve-sparing (48 primarily vs. 61 by secondary resection), analyses showed a significant difference in postoperative SexSS for 'unilateral nerve-sparing by secondary resection' compared with 'unilateral nerve-sparing without secondary resection' (43 [interquartile range (IQR): 14;50] vs. 26 [IQR: 22;62], P = 0.04). In multivariable analyses, the preoperative SexSS was predictive for postoperative erectile dysfunction (OR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.93-0.98, P < 0.001). Oncological safety was not compromised by secondary resection (prostate-specific antigen after 12 months 0.01 ng/mL vs. 0.01 ng/mL [P = 0.3] for unilateral nerve-sparing by secondary resection vs. unilateral nerve-sparing without secondary resection). The results of this study suggest that nerve-sparing attempts applying the NeuroSAFEtechnique should be generously performed since a unilateral complete secondary resection leading to a unilateral nerve-sparing RALP did not seem to have a negative influence on sexual function and did not seem to compromise oncological safety compared with primarily performed and successful unilateral nerve-sparing RALP.

Effect of Rectus Muscle Re-approximation and Postoperative Pain in Women with Previous Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Cesarean section rate has increased dramatically worldwide but there is still debate about the optimum operative technique of cesarean section. Rectus muscle reapproximation at cesarean delivery (CD) is performed frequently by some obstetricians; however, the effect on postoperative pain is unclear. To this end, we investigated whether rectus muscle reapproximation increases postoperative pain. Objective In women with previous cesarean delivery, the aim of this prospective double blind randomized controlled trial is to assess the effect of rectus muscle approximation on postoperative pain. Patients and Methods This study was a prospective, doubleblind, randomized controlled trial. It included 340 women with previous cesarean delivery, with a singleton pregnancy, who underwent elective lower segment cesarean section at term. The patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups; Group I (study group) in which rectus muscle approximation were done (surgeons were instructed to place three vertical midline loose interrupted sutures to re-approximate the rectus muscles by using Vicryl 0 suture) while in Group II (control group) rectus muscle approximation not done. Intra- and postoperative pain management was standardized within the study protocol. Results Both groups were comparable in age, body mass index (BMI), parity, gestational age (GA), sub-rectus hematoma, surgical site infection and subsequent hospital stay. While study group had significantly longer operation duration, significantly higher pain score from first day of operation and up to 6 weeks postoperative and significantly higher NSAID dose and opioid requirements at first and second day postoperative. Conclusion Our results suggest that rectus muscle reapproximation increases operative time &amp; postoperative pain and subsequently associated with higher short-term postoperative opioid use among women undergoing cesarean section (CS). Surgical complications do not appear to be impacted by rectus muscle reapproximation. So, the benefits described with rectus muscle reapproximation such as less adhesions, should be weighed against the potential for a modest increased postoperative pain and corresponding opioid use.

Leaf morphology and anatomy in Myrcia sect. Aulomyrcia (Myrtaceae): species circumscription and characterization of clades

Myrcia DC., a diverse neotropical genus of Myrtaceae, encompasses 793 species. However, species of Myrcia are similar and difficult to distinguish. In Myrcia sect. Aulomyrcia (O. Berg) Griseb., leaf features help distinguishing clades and species. Our aim is to provide leaf data for species of M. sect. Aulomyrcia’s clades F and G. We sampled 31 specimens of 13 species of Myrcia sect. Aulomyrcia ( Myrcia amazonica DC., Myrcia eumecephylla (O. Berg) Nied., Myrcia hexasticha Kiaersk., Myrcia insularis Gardner, Myrcia magna D. Legrand, Myrcia micropetala (Mart.) Nied., Myrcia neodimorpha E. Lucas &amp; C.E. Wilson, Myrcia neoestrellensis E. Lucas &amp; C.E. Wilson, Myrcia obversa (D. Legrand) E. Lucas &amp; C.E. Wilson, Myrcia pyrifolia (Desv.) Nied., Myrcia riodocensis G.M. Barroso &amp; Peixoto, Myrcia subobliqua (Benth.) Nied., and Myrcia tetraphylla Sobral) . Samples were subjected to sectioning and staining techniques for morphological and anatomical analysis through stereo and light microscopy. Leaf blade and petiole morphological and anatomical features were described carefully for the first time for these 13 species. We provided an identification key based on leaf features. Our findings are discussed in the light of Myrcia sect. Aulomyrcia systematics. We comment of the significance of petiolar and blade features, such as trichomes types and location, phyllotaxis, rhytidome peeling, periderm and lenticels, and petiole, blade, and vascular cylinder shape. Our study brings novel information on leaf structure variation in Myrcia sect. Aulomyrcia, delivering much needed data for species and clades circumscription and identification.

Tax reform and tax generated revenue in tertiary institutions in Imo State

Due to the maladministration of the education fund, especially, in tertiary institutions in Imo State, the study investigated the relationship between tax reforms and tax generated revenue in tertiary institutions in Imo State of Nigeria, and the specific objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between education tax (EDT) and infrastructural development, staff training and research and development in Alvan Ikoku Federal College of education in Imo State. Education tax (EDT) was explanatory proxy of independent variable, while infrastructural development (ID) staff training and research and development were proxy of dependent variable. SPSS Version 25 statistical package was used for regression. The sample size of this study comprises 120 academic staff. We used quasi-experimental and cross sectional survey technique to elicit responses. The ordinary least square regression was used to analyze the survey data. Our findings revealed that tax (EDT) has a very strong significant relationship with infrastructural development (RD). Secondly, education tax (EDT) has insignificant relationship with staff training (ST). Thirdly, education tax (EDT) has insignificant relationship with research and development (RD. Therefore, the study concluded that it is due to the importance of education tax as a source of government tax revenue based on 2-2.5% which augments the allocation of funds to carry out infrastructural development, staff training and research development to tertiary institutions in Imo State. If the tertiary institutions’ subjects do not witness the staff training and research and development, then, it means that there is misappropriation of such funds to insignificant areas. Hence, the study recommended that efficiency of the Nigeria tax must be improved and upgraded to suit both government and citizens in order to generate higher tax yield that enable the government to continually release and allocate enough education fund to enable the tertiary institutions run their administration efficiently and effectively relative to staff training and research and development.

A Radiological Review of the Varied Duodenal Lesions with Histopathological Correlation

Majority of the duodenal lesions have received little attention in imaging literature in comparison with jejunum and ileum as most of them are primarily investigated with conventional endoscopy. Cross sectional imaging techniques–Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have dramatic improvement in diagnostic capabilities as they can analyse the wall of the duodenum, intraluminal content, submucosal extent of the disease, and infiltration into the surrounding viscera. Few of the duodenal lesions have overlapping imaging characteristics and it is crucial to correlate these conditions with histopathological analysis for definitive diagnosis. The main aim of this imaging review is to elucidate the diverse spectrum of duodenal lesions with emphasis on CT and MRI imaging features.

Approach and Technique for Cesarean Section to Immediate Resection for High-Risk Sacrococcygeal Teratomas

IntroductionEx-utero intrapartum treatment has been established as an option for fetal and perinatal surgeons to deliver patients with sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) which are causing significant fetal distress and possible in-utero fetal demise. However, ex-utero intrapartum treatment procedures carry significant maternal risk and morbidity. Herein, we report an alternative technique of Cesarean section to immediate resection (CSIR) for managing high-risk SCTs. MethodsA retrospective institutional review board–approved review was performed on all SCTs evaluated at our fetal center from May 2014 to September 2020. Demographics; prenatal imaging characteristics; prenatal interventions; and postnatal surgery data including operative time, estimated blood loss, pathology, and outcomes were collected. Outcomes of interest included surveillance serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, imaging surveillance, developmental milestones, and the presence or absence of constipation or fecal incontinence. ResultsA total of 20 patients with prenatal diagnosis of SCT were evaluated. Mothers who transferred their care to another institution after diagnosis were excluded from this study. Twelve neonates underwent standard postnatal resection. Three neonates underwent emergent CSIR for high output cardiac failure, fetal anemia, or concerns for in-utero hemorrhagic rupture. The median (interquartile range) operative time was 231.5 (113) minutes for the standard operative group versus 156 min in the CSIR group. We present three patients who underwent immediate resection after emergent Cesarean section. We report 100% survival for the three consecutive cases. ConclusionsCSIR is a safe and feasible approach for managing appropriately selected high-risk SCTs with signs of hydrops, fetal distress, or fetal anemia. Despite patient prematurity, we demonstrated 100% survival of three consecutive cases. We suggest that CSIR be considered an option in the management algorithm for high-risk SCTs.

ANALYSIS OF THE RELIABILITY OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS USING THE TECHNICAL SECTION METHOD AND RNEA REPEAT GIBP-MESIR

The electricity distribution system can be said to be reliable if the process of delivering electricity to the customer does not experience significant interruptions. In the PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Duri found a variety of disturbances in one year. The resulting impact is, energy that is not channeled during the occurrence of disruption, thus making the reliability value on the electricity distribution system unreliable. The study aims to analyze the reliability of the system on the GIBP-MESIR repeat, using the Techniqeu Section Method and RNEA Method, as well as calculate the economic losses over a year. System reliability index results using Section Technique Method SAIFI 1,258 times/customer/year, SAIDI 5,324 hours/customer/year and CAIDI 4,232 hours/customer/year. The RNEA method SAIFI 1,844 times/customer/year, SAIDI 7,819 hours/customer/year, and CAIDI 4,239 hours/customer/year. For both methods the SAIFI, SAIDI, and CAIDI values are below SPLN 88-2 1986, then it can be said to be reliable. Economic fulfillment of Section Technique Method with ENS value 59.194.677,96kWh, AENS 3.453,39 kWh/customer, and Rp 85.518.551.248. RNEA method values ENS 86.933.685,93 kWh, AENS 5.071,681 kWh/customer, and Rp. 125.593.096.063 for one year.

First discovery of parasite eggs in a vertebrate coprolite of the Late Triassic in Thailand.

A paleoparasitological investigation of a vertebrate coprolite from the Huai Hin Lat Formation (Upper Triassic) was carried out. Five morphotypes of potential parasite eggs or sporocysts were identified in the coprolite by microscopic analysis using thin section technique. The rounded or oval shape and thick shell of one of the five morphotypes suggests that it belongs to nematode of the order Ascaridida. Systematic assignment of other morphotypes cannot be done in detail but suggests that the host was parasitized by different species of parasites. This is the first record of parasites in terrestrial vertebrate hosts from the Late Triassic in Asia and it provides new information on parasite-host interactions during the Mesozoic era.

Dynamics around non-spherical symmetric bodies: II. The case of a prolate body

ABSTRACT Dynamic exploration around non-spherical bodies has increased in recent decades due to the interest in studying the motion of spacecraft orbits, moons, and particle ring around these bodies. The dynamic structure around these objects is defined by regular and chaotic regions. The Poincaré surface of section technique allows mapping these regions, identifying the location of resonances, and the size of regular and chaotic zones, thus helping us to understand the dynamics around these bodies. Using this technique, we map in the a–e space the stable and unstable regions around ellipsoidal bodies, such as the dwarf planet Haumea, the centaur Chariklo, and other five hypothetical bodies, in which we keep part of the physical parameters of Haumea but we varied its period of rotation and ellipticity, to analyse the impact of these alterations in the extensions of the stable and unstable regions due to first kind orbits and spin-orbit type resonances. We identified a large region of stability, in semimajor axis and eccentricity, due to the first kind orbits. Periodic orbits of the first kind are present in a large semimajor axis interval for all considered systems and have almost zero eccentricity, while resonant and quasi-periodic orbits have high eccentricities. Furthermore, we identified the bifurcation of the 2:6 resonance when there is a spin reduction of a body with the same physical parameters as Haumea. This bifurcation generates a chaotic region, reducing the extension of the stability zone.

Three-dimensional morphology and crystallographic characteristics of the low-temperature bainitic microstructure in high-carbon steel

The three-dimensional morphology of low-temperature bainite in high-carbon steel was reconstructed by serial sectioning and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction techniques. Combined with laser scanning confocal microscope and electron backscatter diffraction analysis, the microstructural evolution and crystallographic orientation of low-temperature bainite were studied. The results show that the three-dimensional morphology of the low-temperature bainite sheaves is a plate-like structure. During the isothermal transformation, some new bainite plates stop growing after impinging on preformed bainite plates. However, some new bainite plates resume growth on the opposite surface of the impingement zone after briefly stopping. This is attributed to the accumulation of strain energy in the collision zone caused by impingement between bainite plates, which provides the driving force for new nucleation, thus stimulating new nucleation on the opposite surface of the collision zone. The bainite formed on the opposite surface maintains the same crystallographic orientation as the “twinned bainite”. Finally, the bainite plates form interlocked microstructures in the prior austenite grains via impingement, nucleation, and intersection.

Correlation between Age, Type of Fracture and Location of Long Bone Fracture on Length of Hospitalization of Post Op Patients

Fracture is a problem with a fairly high incidence, one of the treatments is operative action. This study aims to determine the relationship between age, type of fracture, and location of long bone fractures on the length of postoperative hospitalization at Makassar City Government Hospital. This research is a type of observational analytic research using a cross sectional technique. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total of 50 respondents recorded in the medical records of the Makassar City Government Hospital. The results of this study found that respondents in the category of elderly and non-elderly had no relationship to the length of stay in the Post-Operative (p = 0.361). As for the type of fracture experienced by the respondent, it had a relationship to the length of postoperative hospitalization (p = 0.004). The location of the fracture experienced by the respondent also had a relationship to the length of postoperative hospitalization (p = 0.030).