Set Of Sections Research Articles

Analysis of Relationship between Road Geometry and Automated Driving Safety for Automated Vehicle-Based Mobility Service

Various mobility services have been proposed based on the integration of automated vehicle (AV) and road infrastructure. Service providers need to identify a set of road sections for ensuring the driving safety of an AV-based mobility service. The main objective of this research is to analyze the safety performance of AVs on the road geometrical features present during this type of mobility service. To achieve the research goal, a mobility service is classified by a combination of six road types, including expressway, bus rapid transit (BRT) lane, principal arterial road, minor arterial road, collector road, and local road. With any given road type, a field test dataset is collected and analyzed to assess the safety performance of the AV-based mobility service with respect to road geometry. Furthermore, the safety performances of each road section are explored by using a historical dataset for human-driven vehicle-involved accident cases. The result reveals that most of the dangerous occurrences in both AV and human-driven vehicles show similar patterns. However, contrasting results are also observed in crest vertical curve sections, where the AV shows a lower risk of dangerous events than that of a human-driven vehicle. The findings can be used as primary data for optimizing the physical and digital infrastructure needed to implement efficient and safe AV-based mobility services in the future.

Cross sections and transport coefficients for electrons in C2H6O and its mixtures with Ar and Ne

In this paper, we show and discuss a set of cross sections for electron collisions with dimethyl ether (DME, C2H6O) obtained by the standard swarm analysis of experimental data for drift velocities and ionization coefficients measured in pure DME and its mixtures with Ar and Ne by E. Oettinger and coworkers. While the existing cross section set gave relatively good predictions for drift velocities, it proved necessary to modify the inelastic cross sections in order to achieve a better agreement with drift velocities in gas mixtures and a good agreement for the ionization coefficient. Furthermore, the derived set of cross sections was used to calculate the electron transport and rate coefficients under the influence of a constant electric field and crossed electric and magnetic DC and RF orthogonal configuration fields. The effect of the magnitude and frequency of the fields on electron transport was studied separately. Our work has resulted in a database of collision and transport data which can be used in modeling of both DC and RF discharges and plasma applications containing pure DME and its mixtures.Graphical abstract

Collisional Excitation and Non-LTE Modeling of Interstellar Chiral Propylene Oxide

Abstract The first set of theoretical rotational cross sections for propylene oxide (CH3CHCH2O) colliding with cold He atoms has been obtained at the full quantum level using a high-accuracy potential energy surface. By scaling the collision reduced mass, rotational rate coefficients for collisions with para-H2 are deduced in the temperature range 5–30 K. These collisional coefficients are combined with radiative data in a non-LTE radiative transfer model in order to reproduce observations of propylene oxide made toward the Sagittarius B2(N) molecular cloud with the Green Bank and Parkes radio telescopes. The three detected absorption lines are found to probe the cold (∼10 K) and translucent (n H ∼ 2000 cm−3) gas in the outer edges of the extended Sgr B2(N) envelope. The derived column density for propylene oxide is N tot ∼ 3 × 1012 cm−2, corresponding to a fractional abundance relative to total hydrogen of ∼2.5 × 10−11. The present results are expected to help our understanding of the chemistry of propylene oxide, including a potential enantiomeric excess, in the cold interstellar medium.

Frequency of Placenta Previa in Scarred and Non Scarred Uterus

Introduction: An obstetric complication, Placenta Previa usually arises in the, second and. third. pregnancy trimester. This may result in serious nature of it may cause serious incidences and death rate to the mother. There is a huge risk of placenta accreta, in the pregnant women having placenta previa and prior history of cesarean. Objective: To the frequency of placenta Previa in patients coming to a tertiary care unit with previously scarred and non-scarred uterus. Material & Method Study design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study Settings: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021 Data Collection procedure: 144 sample size was calculated with 80% power of test and 5% level of significance by taking expecting 5%. Female present with age of 20-40 years with scarred and non-scarred uterus and singleton pregnancy and Gestational age 28 weeks and onwards were included. Second trimester bleeding & scars, primi gravidas patients were excluded from the study. Complete history was taken regarding parity, age &duration of gestation. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. For qualitative data like Age groups, Gravidy, previous section was presented as frequency & percentages. For quantitative data like age was presented as mean and SD was calculated. Results: 144 females were included; the mean age was 32.23 ± 12.34 years. Mostly females were belonging to 26-30 years 66(45.8%). Gestational age revealed that 20(13.8%) were between 28-32 weeks, 30(20.83%) were 31-35 gestation week and 94(65.2%) were 36-40 weeks of gestation. Placenta Previa found in previously scarred uterus was 98(68.05%), while it was 46 had previous vaginal delivery. About gravidity, 80 patients were between G2-G4, 54 were between G5-G7 and only 10 were more than G7. Conclusion: Frequency of placenta previa is higher in scared uterus in our study than non-scared uterus. Key words: Pregnancy, Placenta Previa, Frequency, Scarred

Frequency of Factors Responsible to Small for Gestational Age Babies in Primigravida

Objective: To determine the frequency of factors responsible to small for gestational age infants in primigravid women. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study Setting: This study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Agha Khan University Hospital, Karachi Duration of Study: This study was conducted from 15th September 2018 to 10th January 2019. Subjects and methods: A total of 127 women with singleton pregnancy and gestational age 28-35 weeks by LMP with 0 Parity were included. Women with history of miscarriage, diabetes and family history of SGA babies were excluded. Ultrasound was done to all women and Small for Gestational age babies (as per operational definition) was recorded. All the women was interviewed regarding smoking and detailed history and examination was done to make clinical assessment and for ordering the proper investigations to establish medical disorder by the researcher herself. Venous blood was collected from all women and was immediately sent to laboratory. Hemoglobin < 10 g/dL was recorded as anemia. Ultrasound examination was done for oligohydroamnios as per operational definition. Patients BMI were calculated. Hypertension was also calculated as per operational definition. Data was recorded for factors. Results: Age range in this study was from 18-40 years with mean age of 27.968± 2.05 years and mean gestational age 31.692±2.40 weeks, mean weight 71.645±12.94 Kg, mean height 1.549±0.10 meters and mean BMI was 29.924±5.12 Kg/m2. Majority of patients were from 18-30 years age group (89.8%). As far as risk factors are concerned smoking was seen in 5.5%, overweight 65.4%, hypertension 13.4%, oligohydramnios 29.1%, anemia 12.6%, preeclampsia 15.7%, hypothyroidism 16.5%, hyperthyroidism 6.3%, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome 13.4% and diabetes mellitus was 8.7%. Conclusion: A variety of risk factors have been discovered for newborns deemed SGA by customized centiles. SGA is associated with a number of lifestyle factors, many of which are controllable, such as food, smoking, and exercise. Future research is needed to verify our findings. Keywords: Small for Gestational Age, Primigravid women, Factors

Problem Based learning by Evaluating Students Learning Preferences Using VARK

Introduction: Learning methodology preference is one of different components of learning fashion. Sensory learning methodology inclination is one of the various components of learning fashion which decides the person’s ability to obtain modern information. It is one of the dimensions of the complex framework of inclinations that make up a person’s learning fashion. Objective: The objective of the study is to describe the learning styles of medical students. Material & Method Study design: quantitative cross sectional Settings: Continental Medical College, Lahore Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021 Data Collection procedure: It was quantitative cross sectional study conducted on a private sector medical college. Pre validated questionnaire was used to evaluate the students learning preferences using VARK. Results: There are hundred students participating in the study in which sixty were females and forty was males. The average age of the students is around 20-24 years. Mean and standard deviation were calculated after pre and post test. Conclusion: Most students are able to memorize successfully as long as the instructor provides different learning exercises within the zones surveyed in VARK. Dynamic learning might be upgraded in huge classrooms by showing models and demonstrations, discussions, wrangles about, replying questions, and part playing. Keywords: Problem based learning, learning, Preferences, VARK

Association of Anti Mullerian Hormone with Biochemical markers in womens with and without Polycystic Ovarian disease

Introduction: The frequency of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has come to nearly epidemic extents in ladies of reproductive age around the world. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the foremost common endocrinological problems in ladies. In expansion to chronic oligo-anovulation, the fundamental highlights of the PCOS incorporate raised levels of circulating androgens or clinical hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary morphology, modified gonadotropin secretion, insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia frequently related with obesity. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the affiliations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) with biochemical characteristics between ladies with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Material & Method: Study design: Quantitative cross sectional Settings: Lady Wallington Hospital Lahore Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021 Methodology: Quantitative cross sectional study was performed at lady Wallington hospital Lahore. The total numbers of patients were 150. Age of females was in between 18-35 years. The diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome was made according to the Rotterdam ESHRE-ASRM criteria. The various parameters which include Body mass index, lipid profile, Blood sugar levels, FSH, LH, Prolactin, testosterone levels, AMH DHEA-S, HOMA-IR and adiponectin were measured. Collected data was entered in SPSS version 23 and analyzed. Results: Data for females with PCOS and control summarized briefly in table no 1. AMH level have significant p value 0.001 and clearly showed that it is higher in females with PCOS whether fatty or non-fatty than normal or control. Conclusion: In conclusion, AMH levels were essentially higher in ladies with PCOS, in any case of age and BMI, and exhibited no relationship with obesity, insulin resistance, or metabolic syndrome-related factors. Only testosterone shown an impact on serum AMH levels in PCOS group, whereas age, adiponectin as well as testosterone altogether related with AMH levels within the control group. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, AMH, Gonadotrophin, TSH, Insulin

Creation of 3D Model of Stainless-Steel Billet's Grain after Three-High Screw Rolling.

The three-high screw rolling of AISI 321 billet from 60 mm to 52 mm diameter was performed using an MISIS-100T mill. When screw rolling was carried out, a set of sections were made in the billet’s cross-section at the stationary stage of screw rolling. SolidWorks was applied to make the 3D model of the rolled billet’s grain using microstructure images. The same technique was applied for the creation of the 3D model of a nondeformed billet’s grain. A comparison of the 3D models’ shape and dimensions before and after screw rolling was made. It was established that, compared to the nondeformed grain model, the screw rolled billet’s grain model was twisted and elongated along some angle in the rolling direction. This angle’s value is commensurable to the roll’s feed angle during the experimental rolling. Anisotropy indexes of before and after rolling grain models were estimated and compared to the anisotropy indexes obtained via the sections’ analysis in earlier research. Difference did not exceed 5%.

Frequency of Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in High Risk Patients Presented in G. Devi Hospital Lahore

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in high risk patients. Study Design: Cross sectional survey Setting: The study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore. Methodology: 150 patients aged more than 50, who do not have signs and symptoms of heart failure like dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea and PND and having any 2 or more of these risk factors, Diabetes mellitus,Hypertension, IHD and Obesity were selected for this study. Each patient was asked about age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and symptoms of heart failure. Height and weight was checked and BMI was calculated in every patient. 6 minute walk test was done in every patient to rule out dyspnea on exertion. Echocardiography was performed in OPD of cardiology department. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) less than 50% was taken as LV systolic dysfunction. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.5±7.04years.There were 24 (16%) patients who had ejection fraction less than 50% and they were labeled as having left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Among these, 09 (06%) patients had ejection fraction less than 40%. Only 32 patients had ischemic heart disease, 16 of these (50%) had ALVSD. This is the highest frequency of ALVSD amongst the different risk factor groups. Conclusion: In view of our results, we conclude that ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity are important risk factors for the development of ALVSD. The frequency of ALVSD rises proportionately with increasing number of risk factors. Multiple risk factors have cumulative effect in the causing left ventricular systolic dysfunction Keywords: Asymptomatic, Ejection fraction, High risk, Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Systolic dysfunction

Incidence of Positive Bile Culture and most Common Pathogen involved after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in patients of Cholelithiasis

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is commonly performed for cholelithiasis. In spite of strict aseptic technique and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, there is risk of port site wound infection. Aim: To study the incidence of positive bile culture and the most common pathogen involved after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients of cholelithiasis and its correlation with port site wound infection. Study design: Cross sectional study Setting and duration: Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur, from 01-01-2019 to 31-12-2020. Method: One hundre patients of cholelithiasis between 18-75 years of age underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Prophylactic antibiotic was given. Bile with gall bladder was collected and sent for culture. Bacterial growth was recorded as positive bile culture. Organism type was recorded. Stone/stones size was also measured. Data was collected on a proforma which included demographics details like name, age, gender, BMI, clinical features, size of calculi, culture report (positive bile culture if some bacteria is isolated and negative no growth) and type of bacteria isolated and frequency of port site wound infection. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.44±16.58 years and male to female ratio of the patients was 1:1.8. The mean BMI of the patients was 25.93±4.67 kg/m2. Bile culture for bacteria was positive in 30(30%) patients and the most common organism was E coli 13(43.33%.78%). Positive bile culture was detected in 20 (20%) male patients and 10 female patients. There was significant correlation between positive bile culture and gender (p value < 0.001). Port site wound was infected in 6 (6%) patients and in all the patients bile culture was also positive. Conclusion: Bile culture was positive in 30% patients of cholelithiasis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and wound infection was present in 6% patients and all the 6% patients were bile culture positive . Keywords: Cholelithiasis, Culture, Organism, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Nursing Home Staff and the Need for Ongoing Education and Vaccine Access

Objective: To study vaccine hesitancy among health care workers who provide direct care in nursing homes and long term care facilities which cater to the most vulnerable population of the community. Design: This is a cross sectional cohort study Setting and participants: The study was conducted on the front line healthcare workers who work in long term care facilities. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted on the certified nurse assistants on November 16th 2020 which reached 7000 survey recipients. Results: Out of 7000 survey recipients, 3119 responded (45% response rate). There was 71.6% (2,233) negative response about taking the covid19 vaccine due to lack of trust and education of information Conclusions and implications: Our study concluded that the vaccine hesitancy is high among the health care workers of long-term care facility and that ongoing education and interactive dialogue with certified nurse assistants and ongoing access to vaccine is critical as the willingness improves.

ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. PLANTS, NEWLY ACCLIMATED IN ROMANIA

Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae family), medicinal and nutraceutical plant known from Asia, South Africa, South America, the Caribbean region, has been acclimatized in Romania since 1990 until now. This plant, cultivated in the open greenhouses belonging to S.C. HOFIGAL Import Export S.A. has been studied in several projects, among which “Project 160/2014-2017 – MAIA – Multifunctional and innovative products for safe and bioenhanced functional food from newly cultivated plants in Romania”, coordinated by ICECHIM/ INCDCP Bucharest. Starting from this project, a documentary study was carried out on the Momordica charantia plants acclimatized in different countries, and a morpho-anatomical research was initiated on the specimens grown in Romania, in the greenhouses belonging to S.C. HOFIGAL (Voucher BUC 408946-408950). The anatomical observations concerned the organization of the stem, petiole, and leaf lamina, using sets of cross-sectional and paradermal sections, treated with identification substances (IIK) and differential and successive stains (Iodine Green and Carmine Alum). Structural characteristics have been investigated under optical microscopy and documented through original photographic images and a set of dimensional data, data which are only partially found in the specialised literature. The results of our research are generally within the existent anatomical patterns. However, certain particular aspects have been noticed, regarding the epidermal cells, mechanical tissues, conducting tissues and mesophyll, completing the knowledge regarding the anatomy of acclimatized Momordica charantia plants.

Review on agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring sections layout and pollutant loading estimation in small watershed

流域尺度面源污染的监测是系统认识农业面源污染的发生、迁移及转化过程, 并对其进行有效控制的重要基础. 当前, 田块尺度的面源污染监测方法比较成熟, 而流域尺度的监测, 尤其是监测断面的布设及采样频率设置等方面的研究较少. 本文详细梳理了小流域采样断面布设、采样频率优化和河流断面通量估算3方面的主要进展. 1)从小流域样点布设来看, 包括常规监测采样设计、针对性监测采样设计和融合前两种类型的监测采样设计3种类型, 点位布设方法上有遗传算法、模糊逻辑法、熵值法和模型法等, 样品采集方式包括随机采样、复合采样、综合采样以及连续采样4种类型, 其中复合采样应用广泛；2)从采样频率来看, 1~2周一次的采样频率即可精准获取污染负荷通量, 若需要进一步提高精度, 可在水文/水质变异大的时期提高监测频率及在特殊断面加密布点；3)在通量估算上, 当前主要的计算方法有平均法、插值法和回归/曲线法3类方法, 其中流量加权的浓度估计法、插值算法和LOADEST法是简便且精确的方法, 方法的选择上也可根据不同时期流域污染源特征进一步优化.;Watershed-scale non-point source pollution monitoring is an important basis for systematically understanding the occurrence, transportation and transformation processes of agricultural non-point source pollution and its effective control. Presently methods monitoring non-point source pollution at field scale are relatively mature, while methods applied at watershed scale, particularly the layout of monitoring section and sampling frequency setting, are rarely studied. This paper reviewed the main progress of sampling section layout, sampling frequency optimization and loading estimation of river sections. From the perspective of sampling layout in small watershed, there are three types of monitoring design including probabilistic design, targeted design and both. Sampling points were located with genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic method, entropy and modelling method, etc. Sample collection methods include random sampling, compound sampling, comprehensive sampling and continuous sampling. Compound sampling is widely used. Concerning the sampling frequency, once every 1-2 weeks is sufficient to obtain accurate pollution loading. If higher accuracy is necessary, the monitoring frequency and special sections can be increased when hydrology/water quality variation is large. For loading estimation, average method, interpolation method and regression or curve method were widely used. Concentration estimation algorithm by flow-weighted, interpolation and LOADEST are simple and exact. Selection of methods could be further optimized based on the characteristics of pollution sources in different periods of the basin.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ КЛАСТЕРИЗАЦІЇ ДІЛЯНОК РІЗНОЇ ПОТУЖНОСТІ ВУГІЛЬНОГО ПЛАСТА С10В ШАХТИ «ДНІПРОВСЬКА» ЗА ВМІСТОМ ГЕРМАНІЮ

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to establish the most effective method of creating an objective typification of sections of coal seam с10в of the “Dniprovska” mine of different thickness according to germanium concentrations, based on the analysis of the clustering results. Methodology. Typification procedure is the systematization of objects according to a priori given features. Cluster analysis, taxonomy, pattern recognition, and factor analysis are usually used for this purpose. To achieve the goal set in the work, in the process of research, clustering was carried out using various methods, which are implemented in the most popular professional statistical software platforms “STATISTICA” and “SPSS”; their analysis was performed and the choice of the most optimal of them was substantiated. Excel 2016, STATISTICA 13.3 and IBM SPSS Statistics 22 versions were used in the work. Results. The main results of the research consist in the selection of the optimal method of clustering of areas of different thickness of the coal seam. The analysis of the dendrogram of the results of clustering by the weighted centroid median method of the с10в seam sections by germanium content, unlike others, allows not only to achieve the most stable division of the entire set of sections under consideration, but also to maximize the visualization of their breakdown by classes at different scale levels in the absence of a priori hypotheses regarding the number clusters and their forms. At the same time, the structure of clusters is clearly distinguished, regardless of the scale level of their formation, and the sequence of combining individual deposits and their groups into the resulting cluster is clearly traced. These advantages make it possible to make maximum use of already existing information for the development of natural typifications of areas of the с10в coal seam by germanium content and to interpret the obtained results in geological terms. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the results of the conducted research consists in the establishment of the weighted centroid median method of cluster analysis, which is implemented in the professional statistical software platforms “STATISTICA” and “SPSS” as the most optimal for the subjectivity-free researcher of the division of sections of the coal seam с10в of the “Dniprovska” mine by content germanium into taxa. Practical significance. The practical significance of the work results is that the constructed dendrograms of the clustering of deposits by germanium content can be used as a basis for the development of a natural typification of the coal seams of the Dniprovska mine for their subsequent geological and economic assessment. This, in turn, will make it possible to make maximum use of already available information and interpret the obtained results in geological and genetic concepts, which will provide the opportunity to use it for the comprehensive use of mineral raw materials and to solve strategic issues of sustainable development of Ukraine. Key words: germanium, cluster analysis, coal seam, taxa, clusters, weighted centroid method, dendrogram of clustering results.

Generalised Atiyah’s theory of principal connections

This is a condensed report from the ongoing project aimed on higher principal connections and their relation with higher differential cohomology theories and generalised short exact sequences of $L_\infty $ algebroids. A historical stem for our project is a paper from sir M. Atiyah who observed a bijective correspondence between data for a horizontal distribution on a fibre bundle and a set of sections for a certain splitting short exact sequence of Lie algebroids, nowadays called the Atiyah sequence. In a meantime there was developed quite firm understanding of the category theory and in the last two decades also the higher category/topos theory. This conceptual framework allows us to examine principal connections and higher principal connections in a prism of differential cohomology theories. In this text we cover mostly the motivational part of the project which resides in searching for a common language of these two successful approaches to connections. From the reasons of conciseness and compactness we have not included computations and several lengthy proofs.

Frequency of Morbidly Adherent Placenta in Previous Scarred Uterus

Objective: To determine the frequency of morbidly adherent placenta in previous scarred uterus in tertiary care hospital. Methods Study Design: Cross sectional Study Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology- Unit- III , Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Sample Size: By using prevalence of placenta increta P= 13% margin of error(d)= 6% the calculated sample size is 121 patients with the help of WHO software for sample size calculation taking 95% confidence interval.

Writing a Feedback

Introduction: Writing or composing has been seen an issue to several of undergraduates students, composing has been the most difficult micro skill of all times. Feedback plays an essential part in composing process. Considering the issues in composing classes, the point of this study was to see at a planning procedure through which language learners can make self-confidence, be impelled, advance the quality of publication, secure communications through composing and taking after feedbacks. Objective: To investigate the purpose of students’ attitude towards peer-feedback and facilitator feedback. Materials and Methods: Study design: Quantitative cross sectional Settings: Azra Naheed Medical College Duration: Six months i.e. 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021 Methodology: This is quantitative cross sectional study conducted in the medical undergraduate’s students at Azra Naheed medical college Lahore. Total participants were 200 selected after taking the informed consent. Students have an idea of giving and receiving feedback. A validated questionnaire was circulated to elicit students thought about the effectiveness regarding feedback in academics. The data was entered an analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Results revealed maximum students showed positive attitude. As collectively 3% students are strongly disagree, 14% are disagree, 17.5% are neutral, 38% are agree and 17.5% are strongly agree. Conclusion: The main issue in this study was to explore participants state of mind towards peer and teacher-feedback. This study showed that medical students showed positive attitude towards giving and receiving peer feedback. Most of the participants may consider that facilitators composed observations have fruitful technique to move forward the quality of their writing. Likely since they acknowledged that facilitators had more data. Consequently, this study help the participants to think fundamentally rather than living in anxiety and it has been only due to the facilitator’s feedback. Keywords: feedback, writing, peer feedback, academic writing

Clinical Aspects of Microcephaly Patients Regarding Endocrine Profile

Introduction: Microcephaly is characterized as an occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) underneath the third centile or more than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for sex, age, and ethnicity. The term ‘severe’ microcephaly is connected to an OFC more than 3SD below the mean. Microcephaly is associated with a reduction in brain volume and frequently intellectual and/or motor inabilities. The pathogenesis of microcephaly is heterogeneous, extending from hereditary causes to environmental components that can have an effect on developmental process that impact brain size. Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare the BMI and endocrine profile of patients having microcephaly with age matched to normal siblings in their families. Materials and Methods: Study design: Quantitative cross sectional Settings: Services Hospital Lahore Duration: 01 year i.e. 1st January 2020 to 30th December 2020 Methodology: This is a quantitative cross sectional study arrangement based on 12 persons. On the basis of microcephaly, the subjects were separated into the two groups: Group I: Subjects with microcephaly (n=10), Group II: Normal kin as controls (n=2). Five families including add up to of 12 individuals was selected. Ten people with microcephaly (cases) and two normal kin (without microcephaly) were taken as controls. Cooperation of the subjects in this study was selected voluntarily and written informed consent was taken to take part in the study from each individual and from their guardians. The individuals and their guardians were educated about the potential benefits and risks of this study. Results: There was little difference within the mean age of microcephaly individuals as compared to healthy siblings. Conclusion: In light of this study it can be recommended that there's a significant affiliation of BMI and microcephaly but the affiliation of Leptin, Cortisol, GH and TSH with microcephaly seem not be found as proposed by non-significant results. This may moreover emphasize on heredity perspective of this condition. Keywords: Microcephaly, Leptin, Growth Hormone, BMI, TSH

Evaluation of Students to Select Different Educational Technique Using Dreem

Introduction: Problem-Based Learning (PBL) could be an instructing strategy in which complex real-world issues are utilized as the vehicle to promote student learning of concepts and standards as opposed to direct introduction of facts and ideas. In expansion to course content, PBL can promote the improvement of basic thinking aptitudes, problem-solving abilities, and communication skills. It can also show new horizons for working in group to become a lifelong learner. Objective: To evaluate the educational environment in medical and allied health sciences students at Rawalpindi Medical University. Material & Method: Study design: quantitative cross sectional Settings: Rawalpindi Medical University Duration: Six months i.e. 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021 Methodology: The students of medical from medical college and Physiotherapy from allied health sciences have been selected. Pre validated questionnaire DREEM was used to evaluate the perception of educational environment at Rawalpindi Medical University students for using educational strategies. The students enrolled in the study after giving consent. Results: The total number and percentages were 1200/1750 (68.5%) from medical students and 70/150 (46.6%) from allied health sciences participated in the study from Rawalpindi Medical University. Table 2 shows two groups, total participants, maximum score, mean value, Standard deviation and p value. The overall DREEM score of medical group was 135/200 which use PBL approach and Allied group score was 102/200 which was on traditional strategy. It is also noticed that mean score from the medical group is greater than 3 while Allied health sciences lower than 2. Conclusion: Differentiating student discernments of educational environments appear related with the medical schools embracing different educational methodologies in our setting. Cautious and detailed interpretation of DREEM symptomatic results can be utilized to identify qualities and shortcomings of educational program and needed intervention. In any case to sort of educational programs experienced, institutional mediations show up fundamental in the areas of academic and social support and stress management. Continuous assessment of learning situations ought to be linked to making strides the instructive encounters for medical students. Keywords: PBL, DREEM, Educational Environment, Learning

A Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Prediction of Peptide Collision Cross Sections in Ion Mobility Spectrometry.

Most frequently, the identification of peptides in mass spectrometry-based proteomics is carried out using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. In order to increase the accuracy of analysis, additional information on the peptides such as chromatographic retention time and collision cross section in ion mobility spectrometry can be used. An accurate prediction of the collision cross section values allows erroneous candidates to be rejected using a comparison of the observed values and the predictions based on the amino acids sequence. Recently, a massive high-quality data set of peptide collision cross sections was released. This opens up an opportunity to apply the most sophisticated deep learning techniques for this task. Previously, it was shown that a recurrent neural network allows for predicting these values accurately. In this work, we present a deep convolutional neural network that enables us to predict these values more accurately compared with previous studies. We use a neural network with complex architecture that contains both convolutional and fully connected layers and comprehensive methods of converting a peptide to multi-channel 1D spatial data and vector. The source code and pre-trained model are available online.