Section Of Obstetrics Research Articles

A prospective observational study of emergency caesarean section rates and the effect of the labour ward experience

SummaryThe National Sentinel Audit found that one in five births in England and Wales was by caesarean section. The reasons for the increase in caesarean section rates are multi-factorial. Anecdotally, it is suggested that obstetric intervention rates and caesarean section rates vary among obstetricians without a difference in fetal and maternal outcomes. The aim of this prospective observational study of 817 deliveries was to assess the effect of experience on the caesarean section rates for different obstetricians. Obstetricians with greater than 3 years of 2nd on-call labour ward experience had a statistically significant lower caesarean rate than less experienced obstetricians 10.25% vs 25.49%, respectively (p < 0.05). Differences in instrument deliveries was also studied.

Tsvelev Yu.V. Urgent gynecology (a practical guide for doctors)/. Yu.V. Tsvelev, V.F. Bezhenar, I.V. Berlev. - SPb .: OOO "Foliant Publishing House". - 2004 .- 384 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-93929-099-X (in translation)

Urgent gynecology: a practical guide for doctors. The published practical guide is devoted to one of the most interesting and complex in clinical and practical terms of the section of obstetrics and gynecology - the diagnosis and treatment of emergency pathology.

Contemporary Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Developing Countries

Contemporary Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Developing Countries

Cardiac involvement in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia syndrome

Of the various complications of pregnancy, pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia syndrome (PE-EC) represent the most prevalent and potentially the most serious events. The adverse effects on the cardiovascular system in PE-EC syndrome comprise hypertension-induced left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, LV diastolic dysfunction, LV failure, cerebral oedema, renal involvement and cardiac arrest. The present study is intended to assess the prevalence of cardiac involvement in PE-EC syndrome and the prognostic implications therefrom. Out of a total 70 females (mean age 26.8 ± 7.4 years) referred from the obstetric section to the Critical Care Center to handle various crises, 38 had PE-EC and 32 had no PE-EC. Following clinical evaluation, all patients were subjected to routine laboratory tests, ECG and echocardiography with follow-up during hospitalization. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure (BP) > 160/100 mmHg. Out of 38 patients with PE-EC, underlying heart disease (HD) was present in five patients (13%) (peripartum cardiomyopathy in one and rheumatic HD in four), and 33 had no underlying HD. Of 32 patients having no PE-EC, 20 (62%) had underlying HD (11 rheumatic HD, five peripartum cardiomyopathy, two ischemic HD, one congenital HD, and one ventricular tachycardia). Compared with the noneclamptic group, those with PE-EC syndrome exhibited a higher prevalence of hypertension (mean systolic BP 160 ± 62.4 vs 93.4 ± 23.1 and mean diastolic BP 104 ± 29.7 vs 65.6 ± 23.4, P < 0.05). Nevertheless, LV systolic function expressed as depressed ejection fraction (EF)< 40% was insignificantly worse in the noneclamptic group compared with the PE-EC subset with a mean EF of 32.5 ± 4.5 vs 34.3 ± 6.08, respectively. However, out of 38 patients with PE-EC syndrome 13 (32%) died, vs five patients (16%) out of 32 in the noneclamptic group. Mortality was due to cerebrovascular stroke in six patients, antepartum hemorrhage in four, systemic inflammatory syndrome in three, acute pulmonary edema in three and renal failure in nine patients.

Colored illustrations of obstetrics manipulations and instrumentation techniques of a Turkish surgeon Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu in the 15th century

Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu (1385–1470) was the author of the first illustrated surgical textbook Cerrahiyyet’ül Haniyye (Imperial Surgery) in the Turkish–Islamic literature. In the obstetric section he gave detailed descriptions of normal and abnormal presentation, surgical manipulation of intrauterine foetal death and retained placenta. He wrote about previously described procedures and the obstetric culture of his time. Some authors have claimed that he only translated Abu Kasim-al Zahrawa (Albucasis)’s Al-Tasrif (Textbook of Surgery) and added the illustrations of the surgical techniques. Even if this is accepted, the illustrations are enough to entitle this work as a milestone. In this paper, we describe the contributions of this pioneer in obstetrics and compare his recommendations with the current practice.

Effect of long-term naltrexone treatment on endocrine profile, clinical features, and insulin sensitivity in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective: Evaluation of clinical and endocrine effects of naltrexone administration in obese women with PCOS. Design: Open, controlled, clinical study. Setting: Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Patient(s): Ten PCOS women were studied. Intervention(s): Women were treated with naltrexone (50 mg/day) for 6 months. Main Outcome Measure(s): Body mass index and the menstrual cyclicity during naltrexone treatment were assessed. Basal levels of LH, FSH, 17β-estradiol (E 2), 17-hydroxyprogesterone, total and free T, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, cortisol, sex hormone-binding globulin were evaluated before treatment and every 3 months. Progesterone levels were measured in the luteal phase during the sixth month. Gonadotropin response to GnRH administration (10 μg) and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were performed before and every 3 months. Result(s): Body mass index significantly decreased from 29.94 ± 1.04 to 26.07 ± 0.81 during treatment. The menstrual cyclicity improved in 80% of PCOS women: the mean cycle length was 40–360 days before treatment and ranged between 25 and 120 days and 28–120 days after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Plasma levels of free T, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol significantly decreased. Fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio improved in women with insulin resistance. Conclusion(s): Naltrexone may have a beneficial effect on the clinical and endocrine-metabolic disturbances of obese PCOS women. Whether these effects are the consequences of weight loss or are due to changes in opioidergic tone is debatable.

Late effects of the treatment of childhood cancer on the female reproductive system and the potential for fertility preservation.

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & GynaecologyVolume 109, Issue 2 p. 107-114 Late effects of the treatment of childhood cancer on the female reproductive system and the potential for fertility preservation Louise E. Bath, Louise E. Bath Section of Child Life and Health, Department of Developmental and Reproductive Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UKSearch for more papers by this authorW. Hamish B. Wallace, W. Hamish B. Wallace Section of Child Life and Health, Department of Developmental and Reproductive Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UKSearch for more papers by this authorHilary O. D. Critchley, Hilary O. D. Critchley Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Developmental and Reproductive Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UKSearch for more papers by this author Louise E. Bath, Louise E. Bath Section of Child Life and Health, Department of Developmental and Reproductive Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UKSearch for more papers by this authorW. Hamish B. Wallace, W. Hamish B. Wallace Section of Child Life and Health, Department of Developmental and Reproductive Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UKSearch for more papers by this authorHilary O. D. Critchley, Hilary O. D. Critchley Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Developmental and Reproductive Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 December 2003 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.t01-1-01007.xCitations: 104Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume109, Issue2February 2002Pages 107-114 RelatedInformation

EBCOG strategy document 2001

The EBCOG Strategy Document 2001 is in part an overview of what has been achieved over the period November 1999–November 2000, and in part a set of recommendations of how the organisation could move forward over the next 12 months. In general, there are two basic rules EBCOG should adhere to. The first one is to maintain an outward approach towards other European Organisations in our profession, like EAGO, subspecialist societies, ENTOG and national societies in particular. Secondly, EBCOG must set priorities amongst a wide range of quality-related activities if it wishes to remain successful. EBCOG needs to improve the implementation of recommendations of a wide variety of issues made by its council. At present, such recommendations go to the section of obstetrics and gynaecology (Ob/Gyn) and then to the management committee of UEMS, e.g. as with the proposals on specialist training in Ob/Gyn accepted by UEMS. The present, onward progress of such recommendations does not necessarily result in them being applied at a national level. EBCOG needs to discuss possible ways of monitoring the situation in conjunction with the Secretary-General of UEMS.

Choice of hormone replacement therapy in young women with ovarian failure

Clinical EndocrinologyVolume 55, Issue 5 p. 697-697 Choice of hormone replacement therapy in young women with ovarian failure Louise E. Bath, Louise E. Bath Section of Child Life and Health, Search for more papers by this authorHilary O. D. Critchley, Hilary O. D. Critchley Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Developmental and Reproductive Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.Search for more papers by this authorChristopher J. H. Kelnar, Christopher J. H. Kelnar Section of Child Life and Health, Search for more papers by this authorW. Hamish B. Wallace, W. Hamish B. Wallace Section of Child Life and Health, Search for more papers by this author Louise E. Bath, Louise E. Bath Section of Child Life and Health, Search for more papers by this authorHilary O. D. Critchley, Hilary O. D. Critchley Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Developmental and Reproductive Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.Search for more papers by this authorChristopher J. H. Kelnar, Christopher J. H. Kelnar Section of Child Life and Health, Search for more papers by this authorW. Hamish B. Wallace, W. Hamish B. Wallace Section of Child Life and Health, Search for more papers by this author First published: 17 December 2008 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01370_3.xCitations: 6Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume55, Issue5November 2001Pages 697-697 RelatedInformation

Increased adrenal steroid secretion in response to CRF in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea

Objective: To evaluate adrenal steroid hormone secretion in response to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or to adrenocorticotropin hormone in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. Design: Controlled clinical study. Setting: Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Italy. Patient(s): Fifteen women with hypothalamic amenorrhea were enrolled in the study. Eight normal cycling women were used as control group. Intervention(s): Blood samples were collected before and after an injection of ovine CRF (0.1 μg/kg iv bolus) or after synthetic ACTH (0.25 mg iv). Main outcome measure(s): Plasma levels of ACTH, 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17OHPe), progesterone (P), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), cortisol (F), 11-deoxycortisol (S) and androstenedione (A). Result(s): Basal plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, DHEA and 17OHPe were significantly higher in patients than in controls, whereas plasma levels of progesterone and 17-OHP were significantly lower in patients than in controls. In amenorrheic women the ratio of 17-OHPe/DHEA, of 17-OHPe/17-OHP and of 11-deoxycortisol/cortisol were significantly higher than in controls, while a significant reduction in the ratio of 17-OHP/androstenedione, of 17-OHP/11-deoxycortisol was obtained. In response to corticotropin-releasing factor test, plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol, 17-OHP, 11-deoxycortisol, DHEA and androstenedione were significantly lower in patients than in controls. In response to adrenocorticotropin hormone, plasma levels of 17-OHP, androstenedione and androstenedione/cortisol were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Conclusions: Patients suffering for hypothalamic amenorrhea showed an increased activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as shown by the higher basal levels and by augmented adrenal hormone response to corticotropin-releasing factor administration. These data suggest a possible derangement of adrenal androgen enzymatic pathway.

Standards of Sonographic Examination in Early Pregnancy - Recommendations for the German DEGUM Stage III by the German Society for the Use of Ultrasound in Medicine (Gynaecological and Obstetrics Section) (DEGUM) and by The Working Team for Ultrasound Diagnostics in the German Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (DGGG)

Die transvaginale Ultraschalluntersuchung mit hochauflösenden Realtime-Schallköpfen ist die Methode der Wahl zur ärztlichen Feststellung einer Frühschwangerschaft. Sie dient im Rahmen der Abklärung einer sekundären Amenorrhö oder bei Vorliegen eines positiven Schwangerschaftstestes der Lokalisation und Vitalitätskontrolle der Schwangerschaft. Im Rahmen dieser Publikation wird von einer Frühschwangerschaft gesprochen, wenn seit dem ersten Tag der letzten Menstruation nicht mehr als 14 + 0 Wochen verstrichen sind. Alle Angaben zum Alter der Schwangerschaft werden in abgeschlossenen Schwangerschaftswochen angegeben.

Subjective mood variations of student nurses during clinical practice: a pilot study

Subjective moods of student nurses during the clinical practice training course in hospital were measured using the Stress Arousal Check List (J-SACL). The mental state of student nurses was evaluated on three occasions: on the first day in the morning and in the afternoon, and on the last day in the morning. The evaluated stress and arousal moods of students in the obstetrics and the aged care sections were compared. The results showed that students possessed strong stress and low arousal feelings at the beginning of the first day of clinical practice in obstetrics, whereas they felt no stress and relatively high arousal on the first day of clinical practice in the aged care section. The feelings of stress persisted throughout the day in the obstetrics section. These feelings decreased, however, during the two weeks' clinical practice. Based upon these findings, evaluation methods of students' subjective feelings and instructional suggestions for supervisors in clinical practice were discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Obstetric case report Caesarean section in a pregnancy complicated by relapsing polychondritis

Obstetric case report Caesarean section in a pregnancy complicated by relapsing polychondritis

Zur Frage der Beziehungen zwischen psycho-physischer Akzeleration und moderner Geburtshilfe

In the highly developed countries, an acceleration of human growth and an increase in body length can be observed. The weight and length at birth are also increasing, which can be proved by our own investigation. Up to now, the theories explaining this phenomena are insufficient, because they assume the transmission of genetically acquired qualities. The reason for the acceleration is to be considered in the advancement of obstetrics as follows: Obstetrical handling, forceps and caesarean section permit the delivery of large babies, which were often lethal for mother and child. This led to an increase in the frequency of genetic developments for greater body length and weight at birth, which had formerly been limited by the high mortality rate. The trend towards larger babies is caused by an evolutionary selection of an enlargement of the brain, which must reach a certain minimum size by the time of birth. The relative enlargement of the newborn skull, made possible by advanced obstetrics, permits such increased birth weight and length. It also leads to an acceleration of growth and taller adults. The consequence of larger babies is an increasing frequency of obstetrical operations.

A preliminary study on dystocia in local breed Iraqi cattle

One hundred and sixteen cows of local Iraqi breeds (Karadi and Sharabi), aged 3–6 years old and suffering from dystocia, were brought by farmers to the Obstetric Section, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Iraq, during the period April 1983–July 1987. The dystocia represented a proportional morbidity (relative to other periparturient obstetric cases) of 13.3% ( 116 872 ) . A higher frequency of dystocia was observed in the Karadi than in the Sharabi breed. The results showed that 68.1% of the cows had a foetal dystocia, while 31.9% had dystocia of maternal origin. Calves in the anterior presentation caused dystocia in ∼ 51.7%, while those in the posterior presentation formed 16.3%, and uterine inertia occurred in 6% of the cases. Cows having male calves formed 65.5% of the cases, while those having female calves formed 34.5%. Perinatal calf mortality was seen in 52.5% of the foetuses, while the mortality rate of the cows was 1.7%. Morbidity was observed more frequently in young animals of 3 years of age and at the first parturition. Dystocia was observed more frequently during autumn and winter than in the other seasons. Although several methods of treatment have been tried, correction and manual traction was, in the opinion of the authors, the most reliable method of treatment, especially when performed as early as possible. Foetotomy was the treatment of second choice.

Preliminary study on treatment of ringwomb in Iraqi goats

Ringwomb or incomplete cervical dilatation accounted for an incidence of 23.5% ( 32 136 ) of all the cases of dystocia in does referred to the obstetrics section during the period from April 1983 to July 1987. The ringwomb was observed more in young animals at first parturition (62.6%) having twins or triple pregnancy. Twenty-five percent ( 8 32 ) of cases were associated with vaginal prolapse. The mortality rate observed was 6.3% in does and 23.8% in kids. Intramuscular injection of prostaglandin F 2α has given the best result (80%) followed by treatment with oestradiol benzoate plus calcium borogluconate and oestradiol benzoate alone. Manual dilatation of the cervix showed very poor response.

The section of obstetrics and obstetric and gynaecological development over the century.

The section of obstetrics and obstetric and gynaecological development over the century.

Section of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology

Section of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology

Section of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology

Section of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology

Laparoscopic Sterilization with a Spring-Loaded Clip

At the April 4 1975 meeting of the Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology experience with the spring-loaded Hulka-Clemens oviduct clip which altogether avoids the hazards of diathermy was described. Illustrations were shown of an independent applicator now under development.