Secretion Of Blood Group Substances Research Articles

Salivary secretion of blood group substances in multiple sclerosis patients.

Inspired by the widely discussed problem of a possible genetic background of multiple sclerosis we have undertaken a trial of determining the relationship between the hereditary trait conveyed by a single gene, i.e. the salivary secretion or nonsecretion of blood group substances, and the occurrence of this disease. The investigations have shown that in the population of western Poland the nonsecretors of blood group substances into their saliva have a statistically significant chance of developing multiple sclerosis than secretors of these substances.

Relationship of Pepsin 1, Blood Group and Secretion of Blood-Group Substances in Peptic Ulcer

Relationship of Pepsin 1, Blood Group and Secretion of Blood-Group Substances in Peptic Ulcer

Studies on the Secretion of Blood Group Substances

Salivas from 35 type Le(a-b-x-) subjects were tested for Le^a, Le^b, Le^x, A, B and H substances by both manual and automated quantitative hemagglutination inhibition methods. For comparison, similar data were gathered from 226 Lewis positive adults. Among the 13 Le(a-b-x-) nonsecretors, 7 had small quantities of salivary Le^a activity and 11 had low concentrations of salivary Lex by manual methods. None showed any salivary Le^b activity. By the automated method, low concentrations of Le^a activity were demonstrable in 12. Among the 22 Le(a-b-x-) secretors, 6 had minute quantities of salivary Lewis activity, mainly Le^b. The Le^b activity could not represent cross reactivity with H substance because most of those subjects with the highest H activities had no Le^b activity. Our quantitative studies show, when salivary Lewis activity is present in individuals whose red cells era type Le(a-b-x-), that the activity is much lower in comparison with individuals whose red cells are Lewis positive. Thus, based on quantitative salivary studies, it is possible to distinguish between Lewis positive (Le/) and Lewis negative (le/le) individuals. These observations suggest that the le gene is not a completely inert allele but that it governs the biosynthesis of serologically active substances. The le gene can be regarded as an inefficient Le which produces exactly the same products in a qualitative way as the Le gene but quantitatively far less. Another possibility is, as recently suggested, that the le gene actually governs the biosynthesis of distinct products Le^c and Le^d and that salivary Le^a and Le^b activities among Lewis negative subjects represent cross reactivity with these products.

Studies on the Secretion of Blood Group Substances

Abstract. Semiquantitative serological studies are reported on the red cells and saliva of eight Le(a + b+x +) individuals from two families of Japanese and one of northern European ancestry and on one infant followed serially from birth through nine months of age. In the case of the infant, the data suggest that the Le gene has two determinants (cistrons) for which one product is Leaand the other Lex. Under the influence of the Se‐H genes, Leasubstance is converted to Lebsubstance but Lexremains unchanged. Both Leaand Lexare active antenatally in the salivary tissues but only Lexis active in the production of erythrocyte Lewis substance. Production of erythrocyte Leasubstance activates perinatally and becomes fully active soon after birth (by four months in our case).The Se‐H gene system also is active at birth in the salivary gland but compared with the rate of activation of the Lewis gene, its maturation to full production of erythrocyte Lebsubstance is at a slower rate. This takes place over a period of months during which time the Lewis positive, ABH secretor infant's erythrocytes are Le(a + b + x +) pending their becoming Le(a‐b + x +).Adults who are red cell type Le(a + b + x +) are postulated to have quantitative Se gene variants which, although fully activated, are capable of inducing only partial conversion of Leato Lebsubstance. Among our two Oriental families the erythrocytes are strongly Leabut weakly Lebpositive and, correspondingly in their salivas, Leagenerally predominates over Lebsubstance and the content of ABH substance is minimal. A weak secretor variant (Sew) is postulated to be responsible for the phenotype which is manifest in blood types A, O and B subjects. In the Caucasian family the quantitative relationships, both on the red cells and in the saliva, of Leato Lebis the converse but the ABH content is low; an intermediate variant (Se1) is postulated. It is anticipated that further studies as these could disclose a more or less continuous gradation of Se variants rather than the two suggested here.

Studies on the Secretion of Blood Group Substances

Semiquantitative serological studies are reported on the red cells and saliva of eight Le(a-hbH-x-f-) individuals from two families of Japanese and one of northern European ancestry and on one infant followed serially from birth through nine months of age. In the case of the infant, the data suggest that the Le gene has two determinants (cistrons) for which one product is Le^a and the other Le^x. Under the influence of the Se-H genes, Le^a substance is converted to Le^b substance but Lex remains unchanged. Both Le^a and Le^x are active antenatally in the salivary tissues but only Le^x is active in the production of erythrocyte Lewis substance. Production of erythrocyte Le^a substance activates perinatally and becomes fully active soon after birth (by four months in our case). The Se-H gene system also is active at birth in the salivary gland but compared with the rate of activation of the Lewis gene, its maturation to full production of erythrocyte Le^b substance is at a slower rate. This takes place over a period of months during which time the Lewis positive, ABH secretor infant’s erythrocytes are Le(a + b-Hx+) pending their becoming Le(a —b + x + ). Adults who are red cell type Le(a + b + x-f) are postulated to have quantitative Se gene variants which, although fully activated, are capable of inducing only partial conversion of Lea to Leb substance. Among our two Oriental families the erythrocytes are strongly Le^a but weakly Le^b positive and, correspondingly in their salivas, Lea generally predominates over Le^b substance and the content of ABH substance is minimal. A weak secretor variant (Se^w) is postulated to be responsible for the phenotype which is manifest in blood types A, 0 and B subjects. In the Caucasian family the quantitative relationships, both on the red cells and in the saliva, of Le^a to Le^b is the converse but the ABH content is low; an intermediate variant (Se^I) is postulated. It is anticipated that further studies as these could disclose a more or less continuous gradation of Se variants rather than the two suggested here.

A RELATION BETWEEN METASTASES OF CANCER AND SECRETION OF BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCE.

A RELATION BETWEEN METASTASES OF CANCER AND SECRETION OF BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCE.

DIABETES MELLITUS AND THE BLOOD GROUPS.

The results of studies of the possible association between the ABO, Rhesus and the MN blood groups and diabetes mellitus and the secretion of blood group substances in the saliva of these patients have been reported. There is evidence of borderline statistical significance suggesting an association between the ABO blood groups and diabetes mellitus characterized by an increased frequency of the disease in persons of blood type B and a decreased frequency in those of blood type AB. However, because of the conflicting findings reported by other investigators, this probably represents a random distribution of the blood types within diabetes mellitus patients or some undetected specious factor rather than a cause and effect association between the ABO blood groups and diabetes mellitus.

Secretion of blood group substances in duodenal, gastric and stomal ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and diabetes mellitus

The ABO blood group and ABH secretor status have been determined for 368 patients with a duodenal ulcer, 202 patients with a gastric ulcer, 83 patients with a stomal ulcer, 105 patients with gastric cancer, 102 patients with diabetes mellitus, and a control group of 610 subjects consisting of healthy persons and of patients with other conditions attending the same hospital. The results have been analysed in conjunction with those reported in two other large series. For duodenal ulcer the results show that the relative incidence among non-secretors compared with secretors is 1.80 to 1, with 95% confidence limits of 1.55 to 1 and 2.03 to 1. For gastric ulcer the relative incidence is 1.42 to 1, with 95% confidence limits of 1.16 to 1 and 1.74 to 1. Comparison of the results for the two types of peptic ulcer shows that they are significantly different from one another. For both types of ulcer, the estimated risk among non-secretors was similar for blood group O and for the other blood groups and the results suggest that the specific risks associated with blood group O and with non-secretion multiply one another. It is concluded that the mechanisms by which blood group O and non-secretion affect the risk of developing a gastric or duodenal ulcer are related to one another; but that they do not depend on the presence of the blood group substances in the secretions. The proportion of non-secretors among patients with a stomal ulcer (49%) was higher than among patients with a duodenal ulcer (37%) and the order of the relationship between non-secretion and the three types of peptic ulcer (stomal, duodenal, and gastric) was the same as that for blood group O. Other data suggest that there may be a slight increase in the risk of gastric cancer among non-secretors, but that the occurrence of diabetes mellitus is independent of ABH secretion.

Blood groups and secretion of blood group substances: Comparison of allergic with nonallergic persons in a pacific northwest college population

The blood group distribution of 5,657 mixed-white college students from the Pacific Northwest was found to be 42.4 per cent O, 43.4 per cent A, 10.6 per cent B, and 3.6 per cent AB. Seventy-nine per cent of 1,125 group A persons were A 1. Eighty-three per cent of 4,387 students were Rh-positive, and 24.1 per cent of 3,144 were nonsecretors of blood group substance. There were no significant differences in such distributions within this population between allergie (hay fever and asthma) and nonallergic persons.

Secretion of blood-group substances in rheumatic fever. A genetic requirement for susceptibility?

Secretion of blood-group substances in rheumatic fever. A genetic requirement for susceptibility?