Secret Text Research Articles

LSB and DES based Quad Tree Digital Watermarking

Digital watermarking technology is being adopted to make certain and facilitate records authentication, safety and copyright protection of virtual media. It is taken into consideration as the maximum important era in these day’s world, to save you unlawful copying of information. Digital watermarking can be getting to audio, video, textual content or pictures. In this paper present the quad tree decomposition of cover picture consequences in variable sized square blocks. The presented approach adaptively determines locations within variable sized quad tree blocks in a cover image for embedding the secret text. The number of blocks obtained for a cover image is controlled using a threshold and a minimum block size.

A secure image steganography algorithm based on least significant bit and integer wavelet transform

The rapid development of data communication in modern era demands secure exchange of information. Steganography is an established method for hiding secret data from an unauthorized access into a cover object in such a way that it is invisible to human eyes. The cover object can be image, text, audio, or video. This paper proposes a secure steganography algorithm that hides a bitstream of the secret text into the least significant bits (LSBs) of the approximation coefficients of the integer wavelet transform (IWT) of grayscale images as well as each component of color images to form stego-images. The embedding and extracting phases of the proposed steganography algorithms are performed using the MATLAB software. Invisibility, payload capacity, and security in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and robustness are the key challenges to steganography. The statistical distortion between the cover images and the stego-images is measured by using the mean square error (MSE) and the PSNR, while the degree of closeness between them is evaluated using the normalized cross correlation (NCC). The experimental results show that, the proposed algorithms can hide the secret text with a large payload capacity with a high level of security and a higher invisibility. Furthermore, the proposed technique is computationally efficient and better results for both PSNR and NCC are achieved compared with the previous algorithms.

A Novel Approach for Image Steganography Based on Random LSB Insertion in Color Images

Steganography deals with concealing the existence of messages in image files. In this paper, we present an efficient method of hiding the information in image files and discuss results obtained from evaluating the proposed steganographic method. The secret text is embedded in RGB component of the cover image by using a combination of linear congruential generator (LCG) and least significant bit (LSB) techniques making the hiding of information more secure. Random pixels positions are picked using LCG and embedding is done by LSB technique in 3R-3G-2B pattern.

Image Steganography Capacity Improvement Using Cohort Intelligence and Modified Multi-Random Start Local Search Methods

In this paper, we have proposed two steganographic techniques which use JPEG compression on greyscale image to hide secret text. JPEG compression is based on discrete cosine transform technique. In order to improve the capacity, a quantization table of size $$16\times 16$$ is practiced instead of a standard JPEG quantization table. Also, the proposed work presents two novel optimization algorithms applied on steganography which are based on the concept of cohort intelligence (CI) with cognitive computing (CC) and Multi-random start local search (MRSLS) algorithm. CI is an emerging optimization algorithm inspired from social learning of one another. This algorithm is being tested to solve unconstrained, constrained and NP-hard combinatorial problems and shows promising results. CC involves self-learning systems and is an emerging area in the field of machine learning. In the proposed work, CI, CC and MRSLS which is inspired from duo-swapping approach and tested to solve NP-hard combinatorial problems, are combined and applied to steganography to produce good results. This work has modified the MRSLS algorithm and applied to steganography to test and validate our results with other comparable algorithms. Experiments are done to test six greyscale images. Experimental results will reveal the quality of stego-images and the secret message embedding capacity.

Metamorphic cryptography using strength of chaotic sequence and XORing method

The Data hiding concept such as steganography can provide security and facilitate the safe exchange of important information in the digital world. This concept can be used with the various multimedia such as text, image, video, audio acting as cover medium to carry out the one way exchange or two w ay exchange of secret information. The presented paper focusses only on the kind of steganography that uses audio as a carrier. This concept of steganography is, act of encoding mystery data in invisible manner. Steganography along with cryptography add a step futher in security by hiding cipher text in such a manner that middle man is unaware about the secret message is concealed in it. Cipher text generated by encryption creates suspects but steganography creates environment that looks like normal behavior, hiding suspect nature of cipher text thus making it more secure. Audio steganography is the investigation of concealing a few mystery content or audio data in a host audio. This paper presents execution of two level security of end user information by associating the two fields of system security, cryptography and steganography. Concept of index based chaotic sequence is used for encryption. It carries two approaches which make the cryptanalysis and steganalysis furthermore difficult as compare to simple LSB method. First approach is encrypting the secret text using index based chaotic sequence. The proposed approach is more secure, strong and robust, giving security to our secret information. Second approach is hiding output generated by first approach using the concept of LSB with XOR method. It gives extra level of security by creating minimum distortion in host audio file simultaneously maintaining high embedding capacity.

HIDING SECRET DATA THROUGH STEGANOGRAPHY IN VOIP

Steganography is an effective way of hiding secret data, by this means of protecting the data from unauthorized or unwanted viewing. Using cryptography technique will encrypt and decrypt message to provide better security. Cryptography protects the message from being read by unauthorized parties, steganography lets the sender conceal the fact that he has even sent a message. One of the new and promising communication medium that can be used as steganography is the Voice over Internet Protocol. VOIP covers a wide range of information hiding techniques. The main idea is to use free unused fields of VOIP protocols like TCP, UDP etc. By hiding one secret text into the cover speech using steganography we can get a stego speech, which sounds indistinguishable from the original cover speech. So even if the Hackers/crackers catch the audio packets on network, they would not notice that there is some secret text hidden inside it. To develop a Voice Chat Tool, this can also enable us to send secret data hidden inside the voice packets at the same time. We used LSB method of steganography and for better security we provide encryption to the message to be sent. There is no restriction on the length of message as more the communicators talk larger the file is sent. Human auditory system (HAS) operates over a wide dynamic range. It is challenging to hide secret data inside audio.

Image and AES Inspired Hex Symbols Steganography (IAIS) for Anti-Forensic Artifacts

Technology (including mobiles and computers) has become a basic, indispensable need in our daily life. With an initial purpose of achieving basic functions such as communication, technology has evolved into a virtual gate to the whole world connecting individuals through social media and various websites and applications. Most importantly, technology became the reservoir of our personal information and important, sensitive data. This has led to increased risks of security breaches and data thefts demanding countermeasure approaches. One of these approaches is Steganography. Steganography is a data hiding approach that allows for invisible, relatively safe communication. Several forms of steganography have been developed, among which are Image steganography and our previously developed AES Inspired Steganography. In this paper we propose a new variation in which we combine both of these approaches, Image and AES Inspired Steganography (IAIS). This approach proposes hiding the hex symbol format of the encrypted secret data into a carrier image file. The image file is converted to a hexadecimal representation in which the hex symbol could be embedded without applying any noticeable changes to the original image. Deciphering the hidden information requires secret keys agreed upon by the communicating parties confidentially. These carrier files can be exchanged among mobile devices and/or computers. Comparisons between the original cover images and the cover images with the hidden text have shown that no changes occurred in the colour histogram of the images. However, the noise test has shown that exposure to noise can affect the hexadecimal content of the image, hence the embedded hex symbol representation of the secret text.

Recovery of Watermarked Image from Geometrics Attacks using Effective Histogram Shape based Index

Objective: The main objective of the paper is to provide security and proof of ownership to the watermarked image. Methods: Watermark is a transparent or an undetectable signature implanted inside an image to show uniqueness or proof of ownership. The illegally used images can undergo different kind of attacks namely signal processing attacks and geometric attacks. We have used Tree Based Parity Check (TBPC) algorithm to deal with these common attacks. We preprocess the host image using Gaussian filter. And using Fast Walsh-Hadamard method, we embed watermark inside an Image. Findings: We choose the Gray levels of the image by the means of secret key. Later we construct the histogram based on the gray level that is chosen. In these chosen pixels group’s watermarks are embedded. Then a secret text or code is inserted into this filtered image. To encrypt this text we use Tree Based Parity Check algorithm. Based on the secret key that is available, in the decoding phase we identify watermark pixel group and then we extract the watermarks from them. Application: The proposed system can achieve strong robustness of the image and detailed view of Bone structure in X-ray images. It can also be used to find the duplicate currency notes.

A Technique of Hiding Secrete Text in Wave File

is the art of hiding secret data within other information (such as wave file) that it cannot be detected, but only by its intended recipient. Embedding secret text in wave file is a difficult process. There are varying techniques for embedding information in wave files. In this research a new simple technique of hiding secret information using wave files were produced, regardless the simplicity this technique it will be accurate and high confident. This paper features a new technique that suggests that the secrete text is encoded through the use position vector into wave file. The position vector (PV) is to be initialized randomly and to be kept confidential between the sender and the receiver. The security level of this technique will be high and it can be increased by encrypting the secrete text or/and encrypt the wave file including the text. Keywordswave file parameters: PSNR and MSE, position vector, encryption, decryption, hacking.

PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT LUNAK PENYEMBUNYIAN PESAN TERENKRIPSI MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA MARS PADA CITRA DIGITAL DENGAN METODE ADAPTIF

Steganography and cryptography are security method of secret message from third party who curious to see it. Steganography secures the message by hiding it on digital media. While for cryptography, it secures the message by coding it so the message will be understandable only by the message sender and the receiver. In this research, the secret text message shall be encrypted first by using MARS cryptography algorithm, then it’ll be embedded on bitmap extended grayscale image digital media with adaptive steganography method. Adaptive steganography method consisted of three phases: capacity assessment, minimum error replacement (MER) and false contouring. While MARS cryptography algorithm also has three phases: forward mixing, cryptographic core and backward mixing. After being implemented into the program, the resulted stego-images were assessed subjectively by sharing questionnaires, where out of 33 respondents 72% said that before and after embedded, the images don’t have any differences from its brightness, 48% from its noise, and 67% couldn’t choose which one stego-image is. The objective assessment was done by calculating the value of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Rational (PSNR), where out of 8 tested stego-images had low RMSE and the PSNR were above 30dB. From both assessment, it’s concluded that the resulted stego-images had good quality (no changement significantly). Keywords : Cryptography, Steganography, MARS algorithm, adaptive method

FPGA Implementation of Robust Image Steganography Technique based on Least Significant Bit (LSB) in Spatial Domain

There are many different data hiding techniques, the Least Significant Bit (LSB) based steganography algorithm is considered as one of the most popular algorithms in the spatial domain. In this paper, the proposed algorithm embeds data in each component of color image, where the signature of the transmitter and the length of the secret text are hidden in Red component, while the binary bit stream of the secret text is hidden in Green and Blue components of the color image. After embedding, the three components are re-combined to form a stego-image. The stego-image is passing through a communication channel and a noise may be added to it. At the receiver, the hidden text can be extracted from the noisy stego-image without any knowledge of the original image after applying a filtration in the pre-processing stage. The embedding and extracting processes in the proposed algorithms are performed using MATLAB and implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) using Xilinx system generator (XSG) based on Hardware/Software Cosimulation. The implementation of the proposed algorithms on FPGA has the advantages of using an embedded multipliers and large memory. The Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are used to check and measure the statistical distortion between the cover image and stegoimage, while the Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) is used to evaluate the degree of closeness between them. The experimental results are showing the efficiency of the proposed algorithms as well as proving that embedding larger size of data with better results of MSE and PSNR. General Terms Data hiding.

Theatre and Drama of Socialist Realism in the Context of Cryptotexts (Based on MKiS and WUKPPiW Material)

The main goal of the article is to offer a description of cryptotexts of theatre staging handbooks and dramatic works created in Poland during the socialist realism period. A cryptotext is a secret text which is the result of a purposeful act of subterfuge. In the article, I present selected cryptotexts – reviews produced in the Ministry of Culture and Art (MKiS) and censorship reviews of the dramatic works submitted for evaluation to the Voivodship Control Bureau for Press, Main Office of Control of Press, Publications and Shows (WUKPPiW). The archives contain evaluation of works which have been published in subsequent years as well as those which remained only in their draft form. Analysis of the evaluations of ministry officials reveal the mechanisms for allowing and withholding submitted dramatic works and a theatre staging handbook which shows the practices of publishing theatrical works. An analysis of different evaluations of the same text allows for a hypothesis that the main aim of cryptotexts was the evaluation of ideological correctness of submitted works. Despite this main function it is possible to point out specific passages in the statements by the WUKPPiW officials which are similar to statements of Ministry officials. In both cases the evaluation pertains to the content and the planned fulfilment of the work and plays mainly a didactic function.

Development of a Novel Algorithm to Provide Efficiency and Security

high security, steganography process is combined with cryptographic encryption decryption algorithm such that if any one detect the presence of secret information still it is not understandable. Also there are many encryption/ decryption and steganography algorithm but there is always a competition to develop such an algorithm which is not only fast but also secure too. The proposed architecture first encrypts the secret text with proposed encryption algorithm and then hides it behind another text file through steganography algorithm.

Steganography in Video Files

This paper proposed a new technique for hiding in video files, Secret message has been hidden as number of bits after converts every frame of image colored bit to its value as 24 bit. The result video show high capacity and there is no suspicion of the existence of secret text. The result video show no change when played after embedding process, the receiver need the length of text that will send in secret locations within video file to know the number of bits embedded in every frame and width number of image in frame. Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are used to measure the performance of the work and the result is that, the MSE , is decreased ,the PSNR is increased when increase the number of bits embedded and when the size of video file is increased.

A Multilayered Secure Scheme for Transmission of Sensitive Information based on Steganalysis

We propose a multilayered secure scheme to transfer sensitive text over an unreliable network. The secret text is first encrypted using the AES algorithm. The cipher text produced is hidden in an audio file. The audio file is in turn encrypted in parallel using the concept of Shamir's technique based on CRT to maximize resource utilization. These, audio shares are sent over different channels in the network for security. Experimental results show that, even if certain shares got lost over network, audio files could be recovered at the receiver with the remaining shares without sender needing to resend the file.

An Innovative Approach for Video Steganography

In today’s world internet is used for data communication which is not secure enough to transfer highly confidential data so information hiding become a emerging research area. Steganography is an art to hiding secret message in a cover and it will also hide the fact that secret information is being sent over the communication network. In this paper a video steganography method is proposed using hash based round Least Significant Bit technique. Video steganography is a more secure than any other steganography technique in hiding information because of its complex structure it disables the intruder to attack. In this paper secret text message is embedded in the video file using proposed hash based round Least Significant Bit technique. This work will improve the information security and embedding capacity. The proposed technique hash based round Least Significant Bit will be compared with the hash based Least Significant Bit. The technique proposed in this paper is analysed in term of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Mean Square Error and Embedding capacity.

Lossless Text Compression Technique with LSB Technique to Hide Secret Message inside an Image (CLSB)

Abstract — This paper presents CLSB algorithm to improve and increase the security ofhiding message inside an image by using Least Significant Bit (LSB) method. This research attempts to improve the way has been introduced in [1], where they use digital images to hide Secret Text files. This method is working by distributing data (BMP image format) randomly without use any table to store the path of hiding data. CLSB propose new method to reduce size of dictionary index. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to develop a new method to increase the security by adding a secret key to decode and improve the quality by using LZW method to reduce the size of text file before hiding. Results proved and has also presented in this paper. Abstract — This paper presents CLSB algorithm to improve and increase the security ofhiding message inside an image by using Least Significant Bit (LSB) method. This research attempts to improve the way has been introduced in [1], where they use digital images to hide Secret Text files. This method is working by distributing data (BMP image format) randomly without use any table to store the path of hiding data. CLSB propose new method to reduce size of dictionary index. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to develop a new method to increase the security by adding a secret key to decode and improve the quality by using LZW method to reduce the size of text file before hiding. Results proved and has also presented in this paper.

FromHoly GrailtoThe Lost Gospel: Margaret Starbird and Mary Magdalene Scholarship

Although her work is little known to academics in Mary Magdalene studies, the writings of Margaret Starbird have been, and continue to be, very influential in informing popular understandings of Mary Magdalene, including her portrayal as Jesus's wife in The Da Vinci Code, and, most recently in Simcha Jacobovici and Barrie Wilson's The Lost Gospel: Decoding the Secret Text That Reveals Jesus' Marriage to Mary Magdalene. This article will trace the influence of Starbird's books on the Magdalene tradition since the publication of The Woman with the Alabaster Jar, particularly in shaping the modern legend of the romance between Mary Magdalene and Jesus. In addition, the article will evaluate Starbird's key claims and interpretations of the biblical and extra-biblical evidence, both appreciatively and critically, from the perspective of a professional biblical scholar and feminist theologian, on the understanding that, in view of Starbird's popularity, academic Mary Magdalene scholars would do well to be familiar with her work, some of her basic claims, and the religious and cultural reasons for her influence.

Steganography in Audio Using Wavelet and DES

In this paper, method of steganography in Audio is introduced for hiding secret data in audio media file (WAV). Hiding in audio becomes a challenging discipline, since the Human Auditory System is extremely sensitive. The proposed method is to embed the secret text message in frequency domain of audio file. The proposed method contained two stages: the first embedding phase and the second extraction phase. In embedding phase the audio file transformed from time domain to frequency domain using 1-level linear wavelet decomposition technique and only high frequency is used for hiding secreted message. The text message encrypted using Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm. Finally; the Least Significant bit (LSB) algorithm used to hide secret message in high frequency. The proposed approach tested in different sizes of audio file and showed the success of hiding according to (PSNR) equation.

Steganography in Audio Using Wavelet and DES

In this paper, method of steganography in Audio is introduced for hiding secret data in audio media file (WAV). Hiding in audio becomes a challenging discipline, since the Human Auditory System is extremely sensitive. The proposed method is to embed the secret text message in frequency domain of audio file. The proposed method contained two stages: the first embedding phase and the second extraction phase. In embedding phase the audio file transformed from time domain to frequency domain using 1-level linear wavelet decomposition technique and only high frequency is used for hiding secreted message. The text message encrypted using Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm. Finally; the Least Significant bit (LSB) algorithm used to hide secret message in high frequency. The proposed approach tested in different sizes of audio file and showed the success of hiding according to (PSNR) equation.