Secondary Testicular Tumors Research Articles

Testicular cancer from diagnosis to epigenetic factors.

Testicular cancer (TC) is one of the most common neoplasms that occurs in male and includes germ cell tumors (GCT), sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors and secondary testicular tumors. Diagnosis of TC involves the evaluation of serum tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase, but clinically several types of immunohistochemical markers are more useful and more sensitive in GCT, but not in teratoma. These new biomarkers are genes expressed in primordial germ cells/gonocytes and embryonic pluripotency-related cells but not in normal adult germ cells and they include PLAP, OCT3/4 (POU5F1), NANOG, SOX2, REX1, AP-2γ (TFAP2C) and LIN28. Gene expression in GCT is regulated, at least in part, by DNA and histone modifications, and the epigenetic profile of these tumours is characterised by genome-wide demethylation. There are different epigenetic modifications in TG-subtypes that reflect the normal developmental switch in primordial germ cells from an under- to normally methylated genome. The main purpose of this review is to illustrate the findings of recent investigations in the classification of male genital organs, the discoveries in the use of prognostic and diagnostic markers and the epigenetic aberrations mainly affecting the patterns of DNA methylation/histone modifications of genes (especially tumor suppressors) and microRNAs (miRNAs).

Prostatic cancer with metastasis to the testis – A case report

Metastatic carcinoma to the testis is very rare.The incidence of secondary testicular tumors ranges from 0.02 to 2.5% among autopsies ingeneral. Despite the high incidence of prostatic adenocarcinoma and its ability for wide dissemination, metastatic cancer to the testis is a rare phenomenon of prostate carcinoma with only 80 cases reported in the literature.It is diagnosed in autopsies or incidentally, following therapeutic orchiectomies in moreadvanced stages of the disease.Ours is the very first case of prostatic carcinoma metastasizing to the testis, being reported from our country. We are reporting this case because of the rarity of metastasis of prostatic carcinoma to testis and for stressing the need for keeping in mind the possibility of metastatic carcinoma also while dealing with testicular tumors. In our case, unilateral testicular metastasis was detected incidentally after bilateral orchiectomy for hormonal management of metastatic prostatecarcinoma. The metastatic lesion was not identified in physical examination or in macroscopic dissection of the testis after surgery. Microscopy revealed an adenocarcinoma which, given the history of the patient and a positive immunohistochemical stain for PSA, was identified as metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2015) Vol. 5, 784-786

Testicular Metastasis of Prostatic Cancer

Secondary testicular tumors are rare, we report a case of a solitary testicular metastasis of prostate cancer in 58-year-old man treated using hormonal therapy associated with radiotherapy. Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice, but metastasis might be difficult to differentiate from primary tumors. The diagnosis confirmed by histologic examination includes routine microscopic and immunohistochemical findings, and therefore systemic treatment was required.

Testicular Metastasis From Adenocarcinoma Of The Prostate

Secondary testicular tumors are very rare. Metastatic deposits in the testes from prostatic adenocarcinoma, although rare, have been reported. Other common primary sites include lungs, kidneys, colon, and stomach. We report a case of testicular metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Single testicular metastasis mimicking primary testicular neoplasm: a rare manifestation of prostate cancer

The incidence of secondary testicular tumors ranges from 0.02 to 2.5% among autopsies in general. With the exception of leukemias and lymphomas, prostate cancer is the most common primary site. It is diagnosed in autopsies or incidentally, following therapeutic orchiectomies in more advanced stages of the disease. In the present report, we show a case of testicular metastasis derived from prostate neoplasm whose clinical presentation as a single metastasis was similar to a primary testicular neoplasm. The diagnosis was evidenced after orchiectomy by histological examination and immunohistochemical tests.

Testicular self-examination (TSE) and testicular ultrasound (TUS) assisted follow-up for the early detection of secondary testicular tumors (STT)

Testicular self-examination (TSE) and testicular ultrasound (TUS) assisted follow-up for the early detection of secondary testicular tumors (STT)

Non-germ cell tumors of testis

Testicular tumors of non-germ cell origin represent from 5 percent to 10 percent of all testicular neoplasms. Included in this group are sex cord/gonadal stromal tumors, most originating from Leydig or Sertoli cells, mixed tumors, and tumors of mesenchymal or hematopoietic origin. In addition, various miscellaneous lesions, tumor-like conditions, and secondary testicular tumors may be classified as non-germ cell tumors. This review covers the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of these rare lesions.

TESTICULAR METASTASIS FROM CARCINOMA OF PROSTATE

Metastatic involvement of the testis from prostatic carcinoma is rare. We report a case discovered at 5 years after orchiectomy by immunohistochemical staining of prostate specific antigen. The clinical application of this specific method of stainig on metastatic carcinoma of the prostate and a review of the literature on secondary testicular tumors are presented.

Testicular metastasis from carcinoma of prostate

Metastatic involvement of the testis from prostatic carcinoma is rare despite the high frequency of the primary tumor and its ability for wide dissemination. We report 2 cases discovered after therapeutic orchiectomy in patients with advanced disease. The clinical implications of this lesion and a review of the literature on secondary testicular tumors are presented.

Secondary testicular tumors.

Secondary testicular neoplasms are rare. Review of approximately 24,000 autopsies done at Hines Veterans Administration Hospital revealed 15 cases of metastatic involvement of the testes for an incidence of 0.06%. Histologic appearance of the metastatic tumors was identical to the primary sites and involved the testicle either as nodules or diffuse infiltration or both. By far, the most common primary site in our series was the lung; this spread to the testes in seven cases (47%). In contrast, review of the literature since the last extensive review39 revealed the prostate as the most common source. Although more frequent in the elderly, secondary testicular tumor from stomach and small bowel sources have a peak incidence at age 31, which places them in the age group of primary testicular neoplasms and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.