Secondary Special Education Research Articles

CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE OLDER AGE GROUP IN THE RURAL SOCIETY

The issues of the older age group of the rural population are discussed in the paper on the basis of objective and subjective prerequisites affecting the activeness of its involvement in socio-cultural activities. Taking into account the wide horizon of socio-cultural practices of the older age group, the authors used the concept of creative potential, which includes elements of human, labor and social potentials. This concept allows overcome the context of the meaning of oldness as the exhaustion of human power spiritual and physical. Unlike the similar urban group, where elderly men and women have guaranteed resources for social services and, if they wish, can find a sufficiently wide range of employment, rural people face limitations in terms of preferential living arrangements. Owing to the optimization of the medical service infrastructure, hospitals and paramedic centers have become less available for them. Since for the same reason schools in villages where there are few children have been closed, elderly people are more concerned about the safety of their grandchildren, who now have to cover long distances every day to get to schools located in other settlements. Due to the fact that older children of the older age group are not always employed where they live and have to seek job far beyond even their own region, the burden on those staying on, including pensioners, to maintain the family farmstead has increased. The vector of the manifestation of the creative potential of the older age group can most fully be implemented in the profession. To the greatest extent, this is demonstrated by the elderly people with higher and secondary special education. Their share in the structure of the rural society is quite high, whereas agricultural enterprises and independent farms are in no opportunity to provide them with jobs for legal reasons. Keeping their jobs are such representatives of the older age group as agronomists, engineers, economists, experiences machine operators and cattle breeders. Given their reliability, farm managers are reluctant to replace them. The underutilization of the creative potential of this group of the elderly is obvious. Rural communities also have high shares of elderly people with primary and incomplete secondary education, who before the beginning of the agrarian reform were engaged in different kinds of manual work, the amount of which in the new time has significantly decreased. Therefore, this part of the older age group has focused on working in their households helping their adult children. If they are alone, their activeness in this field gets reduced and sometimes they even completely abandon their personal subsidiary farming. But many of this group becomes beekeepers, and this kind of employment allows them feel they are needed by their city relatives and fellow villagers, who are interested in business communication with them. The paper also assesses the people‟s viability, which is most prominently represented by the older age group of rural residents.

MODERN INNOVATION TRENDS IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS AND CORPORATIONS

Purpose : the purpose of the study is to analyze, identify and structure the main trends of technical and technological development of regions and corporations in the Russian North. Methods: to achieve the purpose, methods of factor and system analysis, general economic approaches are used. For the structuring of processes, the methodological tools of indicators and indicators are of great importance, especially in conditions of a high degree of isomorphism of territories. Given the high degree of uncertainty of economic processes in the North, the presence of a large number of risks and threats, in some cases, expert methods and content analysis are used. Results: the main results of the research can be attributed to the relatively high degree of innovative activity of organizations in the regions of the Far North, in the industrial sector with a predominantly resource-resource orientation. The need for accelerating technical and technological transformations in connection with the strengthening of the sanction policy of the West is substantiated. Import substitution, especially in the areas of economic security, is, in effect, imperative. Conclusions and relevance : in the strategic perspective, the industrial complex of the northern regions will provide accelerated industrialization with orders for high-tech materials and equipment needed to develop the Arctic shelf. A certain scientific novelty is the conclusion that the northern regions and corporations have innovative demand and financial potential, therefore, despite the predominantly raw material profile, they can become a kind of locomotive of the national innovation dynamics. The structuring of perspective directions of state support for innovations in the North, where the need for support of the research sector is justified at the federal level, and the strengthening of attention to the system of general and secondary special education can have practical significance.

대학 신입생 대상 전략교양 교과 콘텐츠의 팀티칭 운영 효과 -지역대학(중등특수교육과) 사례를 중심으로-

대학 신입생 대상 전략교양 교과 콘텐츠의 팀티칭 운영 효과 -지역대학(중등특수교육과) 사례를 중심으로-

The actuality of the problem co-infection of HIV and tuberculosis in current epidemiological conditions

The aim of the study. The analysis of clinical and epidemiological peculiarities of tuberculosis associated with HIV infection (TB+HIV), in the Tula region for 16 years from 1995 to 2012 to determine priority directions of the prevention and improvement of the quality of medical care. Materials and methods. There was executed the retrospective analysis of 818 inpatient medical records of TB+HIV patients and 645 outpatient medical cards (Tula regional antitubercular dispensary N1). Patients were observed and examined also in the Center for Prevention and Control ofAIDS and Infectious diseases. A study of HIV-associated TB was performed in 7 scientific and practical directions: clinical, radiological, immunological, microbiological, postmortem, statistical. Results and discussion. In the structure of TB+ HIV patients men (73.3%) prevailed, urban residents accounted for 76.76%, there is an increase in the dynamics of the proportion of women from 20.0% (2002) to 34.6% (2011), 83.38% ofpatients were aged of 21-40 years. Social portrait of the patient: the secondary (37.94%) or secondary special (32.65%) education and the lack of constant work (71.32%), 40.88% of the patients had previously been in prison. Two-thirds of patients (66.18%) were HIV infected due to the intravenous use of narcotics, however, during last 6 years of observation (from 2006 to 2012) the proportion of sexual transmission of HIV increased from 18.2% to 39.4%. The sexually transmitted HIV-infected cases most commonly occur in persons older than 41 years as well as in women. In most HIV cases TB appeared to be secondary infection, the average timespan between the onsets of these diseases was 6.3±2.77 years. In examined patients older 50 years HIV and tuberculosis were diagnosed simultaneously at the advanced stage of HIV infection. In 96.18% of cases (654 patients) tuberculosis had pulmonary localization, in most (67.1% of cases, 439patients) it was disseminated, including milliarytuberculosis, followed by infiltrative tuberculosis - 171 patients (26.1% ofpulmonary form cases). In long-term observation there was noted an increase in the proportion of infiltrative tuberculosis in the structure ofpulmonary forms. Conclusion. With taking in consideration the unfavorable epidemic situation, it is quite advisable to perform a comprehensive monitoring of social, medical and other factors, characterizing the patients suffered from TB associated with HIV infection.

A school-based programme for tobacco and alcohol prevention in special education: effectiveness of the modified 'healthy school and drugs' intervention and moderation by school subtype.

To test the effectiveness of the Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) programme on tobacco and alcohol use in Dutch secondary special education (SE) schools, and whether this depends upon subtypes of SE schools and the level of implementation. In a quasi-experimental design with baseline and post-treatment follow-up, 363 students were allocated arbitrarily or depending on teacher motivation to either intervention condition (n = 205) or usual curriculum (n = 158). Thirteen secondary SE schools spread throughout the Netherlands. Participants were recruited during the autumn of 2013 from three school subtypes: SE for adolescents with intellectual/physical disabilities (SEI; n=13), behavioural/emotional difficulties (SEB; n=136) and learning disabilities/developmental disorders (SEL; n=214). Self-reported life-time smoking prevalence and life-time drinking frequency as outcomes, and school subtype (SEL/SEB) and implementation fidelity (high/low) as moderators. No significant differences were found at follow-up in life-time smoking [odds ratio (OR)=1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.74-3.12] and drinking frequency (d=0.01; 95% CI=-0.16 to 0.18). Interaction analyses revealed adverse effects in SEB students for alcohol use (d=0.43; 95% CI=0.16-0.69). Effect on tobacco refusal self-efficacy was moderated positively by implementation fidelity (d=0.35; 95% CI=0.07-0.63). The Healthy School and Drugs programme adapted for secondary special education in the Netherlands lacked clear evidence for effects on all outcomes. This pilot study suggests further that, within special education, substance use interventions may need to be targeted at school subtypes, as these may have harmful effects among students with behavioural difficulties. Finally, limited evidence was found that programme effectiveness may depend upon implementation fidelity.

The Qualitative Research on the Improvement Plans for Student Teaching of Secondary Special Education Perceived among Teachers and Pre-service Teachers

The Qualitative Research on the Improvement Plans for Student Teaching of Secondary Special Education Perceived among Teachers and Pre-service Teachers

An Analysis of Motivation in Three Self-Determination Curricula

Self-determination skill development is a central construct in the field of secondary special education. Recently, there has been discussion to revisit the motivational theoretical roots that influence the conceptualization of self-determination in special education, and merge motivational theories with instructional practices. Self-determination can be taught in a variety of formats, but one popular means is through self-determination curricula. To determine how motivational theories are reflected in self-determination instruction, a curriculum analysis was completed. Three motivational theories (contextual theory, self-determination theory, achievement goal theory) and three self-determination curricula (Steps to Self-Determination, Whose Future Is it Anyway?, and ME! Lessons for Teaching Self-Awareness and Self-Advocacy) were analyzed. Results indicated variability of the presence of motivational theory across curriculum.

STAFF AS A PRIMARY RESOURCE OF AN ORGANIZATION

This article discusses the problem of accumulation of both in the company and in society in general. It formulating an explaining the concept of human capital in relation to the realities of today's economy and emphasizes its importance both current and strategic. The article substantiates the importance of systematic investment in capital, as well as the need for a strategic approach to resources management. It describes the importance of obtaining employment qualification, its constant maintenance and improvement. It represents important role of secondary special education in the creation of innovations. It provides the explanation of the concept of an innovation culture in the organization, highlights the inextricable link between the corporate, innovative and entrepreneurial culture in the company, provides examples of indicators, with which it is possible to establish the current level of an innovation culture in the organization.

Examining Secondary Special Education Teachers’ Literacy Instructional Practices

ABSTRACTThis study presents findings from a survey of secondary special education teachers who teach reading. Respondents were 577 special education teachers from a large Midwestern state who completed an online or mail survey. Results based on quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate predominant foci of secondary special education teachers’ reading instructional practices were teaching vocabulary and comprehension, engaging in ongoing formative assessment, and incorporating technology into instruction. Major themes included the widespread use of commercial reading programs and a bifurcation of instructional roles. These findings are discussed in relation to the national discourse on adolescent literacy and current schooling initiatives including the Common Core State Standards and Multi-tiered Systems of Support.

Parent Involvement in Secondary Special Education and Transition: An Exploratory Psychometric Study

An increased level of parent involvement in education has been identified as a predictor of positive postschool outcomes for students with disabilities who have traditionally experienced lower rates of employment and postsecondary education than their peers without disabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore the factor structure of scales adapted from the Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler Model of Parent Involvement that might be used to predict parent involvement in secondary special education. An iterative adaption process included adding and revising scale items to reflect parent beliefs and involvement activities related to transition planning and secondary education for parents of high school students with disabilities. Participants were 149 parents of students with disabilities, ages 16–21. Two exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the scales. Results of the EFA for involvement activities suggested a three-factor solution including: Future Planning; Home-based Involvement; and Agency/School-based Involvement. Results of the EFA for Motivators for Involvement suggested a seven-factor solution including: Parent Expectations for the Future; General School Invitations; Role Construction; Perceptions of Time and Energy; Knowledge, Skills, and Self-efficacy; Specific Child Invitations, and Specific Teacher Invitations. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Social skills characteristics of students with autism spectrum disorder

Objectives: This study examines differences in social skills among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In order to investigate these differences, social skills were associated with variables like gender, age, intellectual disability, language development, and school type.Methods: For the purposes of the study a total of 63 students with ASD attending primary and secondary special education units were selected in Northern Greece. A structured questionnaire was filled in by their teachers.Results: The results showed major differences between children with ASD and intellectual disability and those without. Likewise, verbal children obtained higher scores than non-verbal. These higher scores indicate better social skills. Age, gender, and school type differentiated the scores of the groups only in a few factors of the questionnaire.Conclusion: Intellectual disability and language are variables that clearly influence the socialization of children with ASD.

An Analysis of Teacher Sorting in Secondary Special Education and Alternative Schools

This study provides nationally representative information about the qualifications and preparation of secondary content and special education teachers in special education and alternative school settings, as compared with teachers in regular schools. Findings demonstrate that a statistically significant relationship did not exist between school types and many teacher inputs. However, a relationship between special education preparation and setting did exist among secondary content teachers. Moreover, results highlight the inadequate number of secondary teachers, both in content areas and in special education, who held a degree and/or certification in special education. Practical and policy implications of these findings are discussed, and limitations are addressed.

Effects of Teachers’ Job Satisfaction on Quality Management in Secondary Special Education Programs of Students with Intellectual Disabilities

이 연구의 목적은 지적장애 특수학교 교사들의 직무 만족도를 살펴보고, 직무만족도가 어떻게 중등특수교육 프로그램운영의 교사 수행에 영향을 미치는지를 알아본 연구이다. 이 연구의 참여자는 대구, 경북, 울산, 경기, 부산 지적장애 특수학교에서 근무하고 있는 110명의 교사들이다. 연구의 목적을 위하여, Smith 교사 만족도 검사를 연구 목적에 맞게 수정하고, 중등특수교육 프로그램의 표준을 활용하여 설문을 제작하였다. 수집된 데이터는 기술분석, 일원분산분석, 상관관계, 회귀분석을 활용하여 분석하였다. 지적장애 특수학교 교사들의 전반적인 직업 만족도는 학교 환경에 관한 것이 가장 높았고 교사 전문성 개발의 기회측면에서 가장 만족도가 낮게 나타났다. 지적장애 특수교사들의 내적만족도는 외적만족도 보다 통계적으로 높게 나타났다. 교사들의 담당 학년, 교사경력, 소지학위에 따라서 교사들의 내적, 외적, 전반적인 직무 만족도에 차이가 나타났다. 상관관계분석에서는 1) 교사들의 내적, 외적만족도 간에, 2) 교사들의 전반적인 직무만족도와 프로그램의 질 간에, 3) 내적만족도와 프로그램의 질 간에 정적인 상관관계를 나타내었다. 마지막으로 회귀분석 결과에서는 교사들의 직무 환경에 대한 만족도와 교사의 외적 만족도가 지적장애 특수학교 교사들의 중등특수교육 프로그램 운영의 수행에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 함의 및 제안 등을 제시하였다.

Rural Secondary Educators' Perceptions of Their Efficacy in the Inclusive Classroom

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in rural secondary special and general education teachers' perceptions of their efficacy in teaching students in an inclusive classroom. The sample consisted of 148 rural secondary general education and 32 special education teachers. The researchers used an independent-samples t test to determine if there was a difference in the efficacy of student engagement for general and special education teachers. Results indicated there was a significant difference in the efficacy of student engagement for general and special education teachers. The researchers completed further examination using stepwise multiple regression analysis to determine the extent to which teacher characteristics predict efficacy in student engagement. Implications of the findings for policy and practice in rural schools are also discussed.

오픈코스웨어(OCW)에 대한 장애학생 사용성 평가 - 시각 및 청각장애 대학생을 중심으로 -

Abstract The purpose of the study is to identify the usability of OpenCouresWare(OCW) from theperspective of students with visual and hearing impairments. Twelve college students withdisabilities(8visualand4hearingimpairment)implementedusabilitytesting.TwomodulesinbothedXandKOCWwereselectedfortesting.Studentswithdisabilitiesimplementedusabilitytestingand then each individual case was analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. Asresults,thedegreeofgeneralusabilityinbothedXandKOCWindicatedanaveragelevelandthedegreeofaccessibilityinedXmodulewasevaluatedhigherthanKOCW.Specifically,themoduleofedXwasratedhighly bystudentswithhearingimpairmentsandthe usabilitylevel ofKOCWmodulewashighlyappreciatedbyblindstudents.Keywords : OpenCourseWare, OCW, usability testing, visual impairment, hearing impairment※ Corresponding Author : Myungsook YeomReceived : January 26, 2015Revised : February 20, 2016Accepted : February 26, 2016*Dept. of Secondary Special Education, Daejeon University Tel: +82-42-280-2711, Fax: +82-42-280-2819email: sonjy@dju.kr**Dept. of Secondary Special Education, Daejeon University email: msyeom@dju.kr

English Learners With Disabilities in High School

Little is known about the characteristics, transition education, and postschool outcomes of English learners with disabilities (ELSWDs), despite that English learners are a rapidly growing group of U.S. students with consistently poor outcomes. This study examines a nationally representative sample of ELSWDs through a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2). Complex Samples statistical analyses were used to identify ELSWDs’ sociodemographic characteristics, education and transition program characteristics, and postschool outcomes. Results confirmed disproportionate identification by race/ethnicity for Latinos and White as ELSWDs. Findings also illustrated alignment between transition planning and courses taken, yet postschool employment was significantly lower for ELSWDs. Implications include the need for research methods that address ELSWDs disproportionality in high school and transition outcome variables unique to this population. Implications for practice include the development of teacher preparation programs that apprise secondary special educators of ELSWD characteristics and their transition-related preferences, strengths, and needs.

Validity of the Korean Parenting Stress Index for Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the validity of the Korean Parenting Stress Index(K-PSI) for parents of children with CP. For this, it was measured parenting stress of mothers of children with CP(age range=3~17) by using the K-PSI, and then confirmatory factor analysis was confirmed to identify the factor structure of the K-PSI. This study results indicated that model fit indices similar to the standardized K-PSI. But, all path coefficients of distraction/hyperactivity sub-items of the child domain were found not significant, and mood and reward of the child domain, and attachment, competence, and health of the parents domain showed low reliability. This results revealed that the reliability and validity of the Received (September 14, 2015), Review Result(Octorber 02, 2015) Accepted(October 14, 2015), Published(December 31, 2015) 55069 Dept. of Secondary Special Education, College of Education, Jeonju Univ., Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Korea email: eunyoung@jj.ac.kr (Corresponding Author) Dept. of Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine.,. Institute for Health Improvement., & Center for Animal Resources Development, Wonkwang Univ., 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea email: tiffaniey@wku.ac.kr Validity of the Korean Parenting Stress Index for Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy Copyright c 2015 HSST 256 K-PSI was not secured to measure the parenting stress of mother of children with CP. In future research it will study to find out whether the K-PSI is a reasonable tool to measure parenting stress of mother of children with CP through Item Response Theory, etc.

Reading Comprehension Instruction for Adolescents with Learning Disabilities: A Reality Check

Reading comprehension is a significant concern for adolescents with learning disabilities (LD), particularly in secondary schools in the United States (US) where content is taught primarily through textbooks. Surprisingly little is known about the actual reading instruction for students with LD in secondary classrooms. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the reading comprehension instruction in US secondary special education classrooms. Eight special education teachers in urban high schools were observed and interviewed. Findings showed that teachers implemented a number of reading comprehension practices, not all were considered “best practice”. The most frequently observed practices included reading aloud, questioning, seatwork, activating prior knowledge, and using graphic organizers. Explicit instruction in how and when to use reading comprehension strategies, however, was not observed. This study reveals the extent to which evidence-based reading comprehension practices are not making their way into secondary reading classrooms and offers insight into factors that teachers state as influencing their instruction for students with LD.

The structure of the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of newborn rats as a result of the prenatal influence of ethanol

The present study was undertaken to examine the structural features of the thymus and cranial mesenteric lymph nodes of newborn rats that have occurred as a result of antenatal alcohol intoxication. We used a set of morphometric, anatomical and histological methods. A study of the cranial mesenteric lymph nodes performed on 45 newborn rats born to 18 female mongrel white rats seven months of age. The studies were conducted in compliance with the order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR N 755 from 12.08.1977 and the order of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the USSR from 13.11.1984, "On the rules of work with experimental animals". Females, on which was received investigated offspring exposed to 15 % ethanol as the sole source of fluid for 1 week, one and three months before pregnancy, during pregnancy and after its completion. It is shown that depending on the duration of pregravid exposure to ethanol occur progredient changes in the structure of the thymus and cranial mesenteric lymph nodes. In the thymus, as well as in the lymph nodes, decreases the number of lymphoid cells and stromal elements content increases. In lymph nodes there are significant changes in the structure of the sinus system. The severity of the identified morphological changes due to the duration of the effects of alcohol on the system "mother-placenta-fetus”.

Implementation of a Writing Strategy for Students with Learning Disabilities in a Rural Setting

This study reports findings on the fidelity of implementation of the Strategic Instructional Model (SIM), Proficiency in the Sentence Writing Strategy (Schumaker & Sheldon, 1999) in five rural secondary special education classrooms. Participants were 5 special education teachers and 38 secondary students identified with mild to moderate learning disabilities. Major findings indicated a significant difference between the level of fidelity of implementation and student gains in writing complete sentences and identified specific factors that influenced the treatment delivery. Results from student attitude surveys suggested little difference in their perception of the value of writing as a result of the intervention.