Secondary Refining Research Articles

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF LiNdP4O12

A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis has been performed on LiNdP4O12synthesized by the flux method. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system, with space group C2/c, z=4, and cell parameters α= 16.486?, b = 7.073 ?, c =9.775? and β = 126.23°. A full-matrix, least square refinement gave R = 0.054, Rω= 0.050 for 1251 independent reflections. An absorption and secondary extinction refinement gives final R = 0.048. Rω = 0.043. The basic structural units are helical ribbons, (PO3)n, formed by corner-sharing of PO4 tetrahedra. The NdO8 dodecahedra are isolated from each other in the sense that they do not share any O atoms.

Aspects of recycling copper scrap

The paper describes the changes in the nature of copper scrap over the last few years as increasing use of plastics and aluminium and the miniaturisation of electronic components has placed an increased burden on the secondary refiner's ingenuity. The requirements of environmental protection also place an increased burden on recycling technology. The problem of smelting charges high in aluminium and plastics in a plant furnace are described together with suggestions for alleviation of these problems. The effect of scale on the economics of recycling plants is also considered.

MEASUREMENTS OF OSCILLATING EARTH PRESSURES CAUSED BY THE EARTHQUAKE GENERATOR

Since our last report, in which an earthquake generator of a huge size and a new type of oscillating soil pressure measuring apparatus were described, a number of secondary refinements and improvements of the apparatus have been carried out, till all the parts of the instruments work perfectly under simple and easy operation. From September 1957 earth pressure, lateral as well as vertical, at a model quay wall near the earthquake generator have been measured by the above instrument systematically under various intensities of the exciting oscillations.It is the purpose of this paper to describe those refinements and improvements of the apparatus, and to analize our experimental data.