Secondary Object Research Articles

VARIANTS OF INTEGRATION OF HIGHLY DEPRECIATED OBJECTS OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE INTO SECONDARY DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN NODE

On the example of Samara city gradual degradation of cultural heritage associated with the loss of former functionality is viewed. The existing approach to the construction in the historical part of the city secondary development cost-eff ective objects due to replacement of perimeter buildings by island development is analyzed. For the integration of cultural heritage into the secondary development of the urban node with preserving the typological features of historically established urban planning structure the method of alternative reconstruction is proposed. It supposes the preservation of buildings authentic parts and (or) the restoration of lost elements with the possibility of using of contour of the bearing walls as urban environment elements.

Neurocognitive and Psychological Functioning of Children with an Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor.

PurposeThis study was conducted to investigate the neurocognitive functioning of children with intracranial germ cell tumor (IGCT) prior to receiving proton beam therapy (PBT), and to identify differential characteristics of their neurocognitive functioning depending on tumor location. As a secondary object of this study, neurocognitive functions were followed up at 1-2 years after PBT to examine early post-treatment changes.Materials and MethodsBetween 2008 and 2014, 34 childrenwith IGCT treatedwho received PBT atNational Cancer Center, Korea were enrolled in this study. Standardized neurocognitive tests of intelligence, memory, and executive functioning were performed with baseline psychological assessments using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Follow-up assessments after PBT were conducted in 20 patients (T2). The results were analyzed based on the locations of tumors, which included the suprasellar, pineal gland, basal ganglia, and bifocal regions.ResultsThe neurocognitive function of IGCT patients was significantly lower than that of the normal population in performance intelligence quotient (p=0.041), processing speed (p=0.007), memory (p < 0.001), and executive functioning (p=0.010). Patients with basal ganglia tumors had significantly lower scores for most domains of neurocognitive functioning and higher scores for CBCL than both the normal population and patients with IGCT in other locations. There was no significant change in neurocognitive function between T1 and T2 for all types of IGCT patients in first 1-2 years after PBT.ConclusionTumor location significantly affects the neuropsychological functioning in patients with IGCT. Neuropsychological functioning should be closely monitored from the time of diagnosis in IGCT patients.

Simulated maternal care facilitates the formation of filial imprinting in domestic chicks

The potential effects of maternal care-related stimuli on imprinting in domestic chicks were examined. In the first phase, one group of chicks received a simulated brooding experience with a primary imprinting object during two training sessions, whereas chicks in another group received exposure to the object without being brooded. In subsequent testing, the brooded chicks showed a robust preference for the primary imprinting object, whereas the non-brooded chicks showed a weaker preference for the object. In the second phase, one group of chicks was exposed to a secondary imprinting object associated with a feeding opportunity, whereas another group received exposure to the object in the absence of such an experience. In subsequent testing, the fed chicks showed a strong preference for the secondary imprinting object, whereas the non-fed chicks showed no preference. These results suggest that stimuli experienced through usual maternal care may be an important factor in filial imprinting.

Bindings in working memory: The role of object-based attention.

Over the past decade, it has been debated whether retaining bindings in working memory (WM) requires more attention than retaining constituent features, focusing on domain-general attention and space-based attention. Recently, we proposed that retaining bindings in WM needs more object-based attention than retaining constituent features (Shen, Huang, & Gao, 2015, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, doi: 10.1037/xhp0000018 ). However, only unitized visual bindings were examined; to establish the role of object-based attention in retaining bindings in WM, more emperical evidence is required. We tested 4 new bindings that had been suggested requiring no more attention than the constituent features in the WM maintenance phase: The two constituent features of binding were stored in different WM modules (cross-module binding, Experiment 1), from auditory and visual modalities (cross-modal binding, Experiment 2), or temporally (cross-time binding, Experiments 3) or spatially (cross-space binding, Experiments 4-6) separated. In the critical condition, we added a secondary object feature-report task during the delay interval of the change-detection task, such that the secondary task competed for object-based attention with the to-be-memorized stimuli. If more object-based attention is required for retaining bindings than for retaining constituent features, the secondary task should impair the binding performance to a larger degree relative to the performance of constituent features. Indeed, Experiments 1-6 consistently revealed a significantly larger impairment for bindings than for the constituent features, suggesting that object-based attention plays a pivotal role in retaining bindings in WM.

The effect of radiative feedback on disc fragmentation

Protostellar discs may become massive enough to fragment producing secondary low-mass objects: planets, brown dwarfs and low-mass stars. We study the effect of radiative feedback from such newly-formed secondary objects using radiative hydrodynamic simulations. We compare the results of simulations without any radiative feedback from secondary objects with those where two types of radiative feedback are considered: (i) continuous, and (ii) episodic. We find that: (i) continuous radiative feedback stabilizes the disc and suppresses further fragmentation, reducing the number secondary objects formed; (ii) episodic feedback from secondary objects heats and stabilises the disc when the outburst occurs, but shortly after the outburst stops, the disc becomes unstable and fragments again. However, fewer secondary objects are formed compared to the the case without radiative feedback. We also find that the mass growth of secondary objects is mildly suppressed due to the effect of their radiative feedback. However, their mass growth also depends on where they form in the disc and on their subsequent interactions, such that their final masses are not drastically different from the case without radiative feedback. We find that the masses of secondary objects formed by disc fragmentation are from a few M$_{\rm J}$ to a few 0.1 M$_{\odot}$. Planets formed by fragmentation tend to be ejected from the disc. We conclude that planetary-mass objects on wide orbits (wide-orbit planets) are unlikely to form by disc fragmentation. Nevertheless, disc fragmentation may be a significant source of free-floating planets and brown dwarfs.

The Role of Amodal Object-based Attention in Retaining Bindings in Working Memory

Over the past decade, it has been debated whether retaining bindings in working memory requires more attention than retaining constituent features, focusing on domain-general attention and space-based attention. In the current study we hypothesized that retaining bindings in working memory needs more amodal object-based attention than retaining single features. In a change detection task, we tested three typical bindings, which had been suggested requiring no more attention than the constituent features: The two constituent features of binding were stored in different working memory modules (cross-module binding, Experiment 1), from auditory and visual modalities (cross-modal binding, Experiment 2), or spatially separated (cross-space visual binding, Experiments 3 and 4). In the critical condition, we added a secondary object feature-report task during the delay interval of the change-detection task, such that the secondary task competed for object-based attention with the to-be-memorized stimuli. Moreover, the secondary task was presented in either visual (Experiments 1-3) or auditory (Experiment 4) modality. If more amodal object-based attention is required for retaining bindings than for retaining constituent features in working memory, the attention-demanding secondary task should impair the binding performance to a larger degree relative to the performance of constituent features. In congruent with this prediction, Experiments 1–4 consistently revealed a significantly larger impairment for bindings than for the constituent features, regardless of the modality of the secondary task. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2016

The relationship between visual attention and visual working memory encoding: A dissociation between covert and overt orienting.

There is substantial debate over whether visual working memory (VWM) and visual attention constitute a single system for the selection of task-relevant perceptual information or whether they are distinct systems that can be dissociated when their representational demands diverge. In the present study, we focused on the relationship between visual attention and the encoding of objects into VWM. Participants performed a color change-detection task. During the retention interval, a secondary object, irrelevant to the memory task, was presented. Participants were instructed either to execute an overt shift of gaze to this object (Experiments 1-3) or to attend it covertly (Experiments 4 and 5). Our goal was to determine whether these overt and covert shifts of attention disrupted the information held in VWM. We hypothesized that saccades, which typically introduce a memorial demand to bridge perceptual disruption, would lead to automatic encoding of the secondary object. However, purely covert shifts of attention, which introduce no such demand, would not result in automatic memory encoding. The results supported these predictions. Saccades to the secondary object produced substantial interference with VWM performance, but covert shifts of attention to this object produced no interference with VWM performance. These results challenge prevailing theories that consider attention and VWM to reflect a common mechanism. In addition, they indicate that the relationship between attention and VWM is dependent on the memorial demands of the orienting behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record

Convergence of empirical distributions in an interpretation of quantum mechanics.

From its beginning, there have been attempts by physicists to formulate quantum mechanics without requiring the use of wave functions. An interesting recent approach takes the point of view that quantum effects arise solely from the interaction of finitely many classical "worlds." The wave function is then recovered (as a secondary object) from observations of particles in these worlds, without knowing the world from which any particular observation originates. Hall, Deckert and Wiseman [Physical Review X 4 (2014) 041013] have introduced an explicit many-interacting-worlds harmonic oscillator model to provide support for this approach. In this note we provide a proof of their claim that the particle configuration is asymptotically Gaussian, thus matching the stationary ground-state solution of Schrödinger's equation when the number of worlds goes to infinity. We also construct a Markov chain based on resampling from the particle configuration and show that it converges to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, matching the time-dependent solution as well.

The First Vatican Council, Archbishop Henry Manning, and Papal Infallibility

Although Henry Edward Manning, archbishop and later cardinal of Westminster, often is labeled an extreme ultramontanist, he can be more accurately described as holding a “moderate” view of infallibility similar to the one defined at the First Vatican Council and held by Cardinal John Henry Newman. Manning thought that the Council’s definition of papal infallibility came at an opportune moment; he also accepted a wider range of secondary objects that can be defined infallibly by the pope than did Newman.

Assessment of Vertical Deformation of the Atatürk Dam Using Geodetic Observations

AbstractThe Ataturk Dam in Turkey, constructed on the Firat River, is one of the world’s largest rockfill embankment dams. It was built to harvest and conserve water and to serve crucial agricultural, social-economic, recreational, and other activities in the Harran region. In this study, geodetic techniques were exploited to assess possible deformations of the embankment structure and add insight on critical dam safety. The geodetic approach included differential, trigonometric, and global positioning system (GPS) leveling observation campaigns over a period of 6.5 years from May 2006 through November 2012. The geodetic control network included 32 reference points and approximately 200 object points located on the surface of the embankment structure. The primary object points were stable concrete platforms embedded on the compacted rock surface, whereas the secondary object points were mounted directly to the compacted rock. All object points were equipped with forced centering mechanisms to support eith...

Analysis of technological parameters of production (methodological aspect)

Technological parameters of production are analyzed using the basic triad of concepts: conditional, primary and secondary objects of labor. The conclusion about the unique feature of the subject of labor to fix the pros and cons of mans production effort and means of his activities is reasoned. We propose to consider the object of labor as a non-differentiable combination of the natural (substrate) and the social (abstract and concrete labor implemented in the substrate). It operates in a technological space - time (a thing - the process of becoming a thing). In any situation, the primary object of labor (mining technology) is preceded by a conditional object (research tech), finished or end product is preceded by a secondary object of labor (processing technology). The points of technological restrictions identify the parameters of the optimal technological mode for the system "man - tool object of labor" with regard to economic, social and environmental components. Technological parameters are specified by examples of technological chains (traditional and innovative) of individual enterprises, production units of cluster and network types. Postulates of the theory of object of labor reflect the methodologically important status of technologies of any kind of production-material, spiritual, virtual and social.

Material world and social recognition: Nursing care in Spain (1855-1955).

This study sought to recognize the active and symbolic role played by the objects from the material world for nursing care in Spain between 1855 and 1955. This was a historical study using procedures from founded theory. The information sources were eight handbooks for the formation of healthcare professionals published in Spain, during the period of interest. The information was gathered from March 2012 to June 2013. During this period, the sources were revised comprehensively and bibliographic information, description of instruments, and analysis files were made; methodological and analytic memoranda were written. Forty-five procedures and 360 material objects were registered. The categories ''principal and secondary objects'' and ''guarded objects'' reveal the influence exerted by the objects from the material world for care. In Spain, between 1855 and 1955, nursing care was carried out within a scenario comprised of objects with secondary status and situated within the periphery of care, as well as by guarded objects that professionals could not use. This material world influenced the social recognition of healthcare professionals at the time and the visibility of their work.

ONTOLOGY OF DESIGNING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LABOR’S SUBJECT THEORY POSTULATES

A variant of defining the semantic status of the ontology of designing is proposed with regard to metamorphosis of the means of labor – basic elements of any production process. The definitions of the terms “design”, “ontology” and “ontology of designing” are considered in the historic-logic perspective. The postulates of the labor theory are analyzed. Those postulates describe the natural (user-cost), social (cost), thing and process characteristics. The difference between a finished and final product is stated. The terms “result of designing” and “project”; “object of designing” and “thing” are compared. The necessity for implication of a new triad of definitions: nominal, primary and secondary objects of design is presented. The essence of the designing process is specified in the context of the “objectivationdisobjectivation” paradigm. The status of the subject of designing is considered as the goal-directing and the goalachievement functional unity. The lifecycle of designing is analyzed in the form of two technological chains – the basic one and the parallel one. The first one is associated with the processes of designing, the stages of the product’s lifecycle up to the recycling. The second one is associated with the possibility to utilize any byproducts in material and informational forms.

MODELING TRANSITING CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS: CHARACTERIZING THE NEWLY DISCOVERED ECLIPSING DISK SYSTEM OGLE LMC-ECL-11893

We investigate the nature of the unusual eclipsing star OGLE LMC-ECL-11893 (OGLE J05172127-6900558) in the Large Magellanic Cloud recently reported by Dong et al. 2014. The eclipse period for this star is 468 days, and the eclipses exhibit a minimum of ~1.4 mag, preceded by a plateau of ~0.8 mag. Spectra and optical/IR photometry are consistent with the eclipsed star being a lightly reddened B9III star of inferred age ~150 Myr and mass of ~4 solar masses. The disk appears to have an outer radius of ~0.2 AU with predicted temperatures of ~1100-1400 K. We model the eclipses as being due to either a transiting geometrically thin dust disk or gaseous accretion disk around a secondary object; the debris disk produces a better fit. We speculate on the origin of such a dense circumstellar dust disk structure orbiting a relatively old low-mass companion, and on the similarities of this system to the previously discovered EE Cep.

Evidence for substructure in Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy using a Bayesian object detection method

We present a method for identifying localized secondary populations in stellar velocity data using Bayesian statistical techniques. We apply this method to the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Ursa Minor and find two secondary objects in this satellite of the Milky Way. One object is kinematically cold with a velocity dispersion of $4.25 \pm 0.75\ \kms$ and centered at $(9.1\arcmin \pm 1.5, 7.2\arcmin \pm 1.2)$ in relative RA and DEC with respect to the center of Ursa Minor. The second object has a large velocity offset of $-12.8^{+1.75}_{-1.5}\ \kms$ compared to Ursa Minor and centered at $(-14.0\arcmin^{+2.4}_{-5.8}, -2.5\arcmin^{+0.4}_{-1.0})$. The kinematically cold object has been found before using a smaller data set but the prediction that this cold object has a velocity dispersion larger than $2.0\ \kms$ at 95% C.L. differs from previous work. We use two and three component models along with the information criteria and Bayesian evidence model selection methods to argue that Ursa Minor has one or two localized secondary populations. The significant probability for a large velocity dispersion in each secondary object raises the intriguing possibility that each has its own dark matter halo, that is, it is a satellite of a satellite of the Milky Way.

Tracking of secondary and temporary objects in structural concrete work

Purpose– Previous research has shown that “Scan-vs-BIM” object recognition systems, which fuse three dimensional (3D) point clouds from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) or digital photogrammetry with 4D project building information models (BIM), provide valuable information for tracking construction works. However, until now, the potential of these systems has been demonstrated for tracking progress of permanent structural works only; no work has been reported yet on tracking secondary or temporary structures. For structural concrete work, temporary structures include formwork, scaffolding and shoring, while secondary components include rebar. Together, they constitute most of the earned value in concrete work. The impact of tracking secondary and temporary objects would thus be added veracity and detail to earned value calculations, and subsequently better project control and performance. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Two techniques for recognizing concrete construction secondary and temporary objects in TLS point clouds are implemented and tested using real-life data collected from a reinforced concrete building construction site. Both techniques represent significant innovative extensions of existing “Scan-vs-BIM” object recognition frameworks.Findings– The experimental results show that it is feasible to recognise secondary and temporary objects in TLS point clouds with good accuracy using the two novel techniques; but it is envisaged that superior results could be achieved by using additional cues such as colour and 3D edge information.Originality/value– This article makes valuable contributions to the problem of detecting and tracking secondary and temporary objects in 3D point clouds. The power of Scan-vs-BIM object recognition approaches to address this problem is demonstrated, but their limitations are also highlighted.

An edge-on translucent dust disk around the nearest AGB star, L2Puppis

As the nearest known AGB star (d=64pc) and one of the brightest (mK-2), L2 Pup is a particularly interesting benchmark object to monitor the final stages of stellar evolution. We report new lucky imaging observations of this star with the VLT/NACO adaptive optics system in twelve narrow band filters covering the 1.0-4.0 microns wavelength range. These diffraction limited images reveal an extended circumstellar dust lane in front of the star, that exhibits a high opacity in the J band and becomes translucent in the H and K bands. In the L band, extended thermal emission from the dust is detected. We reproduce these observations using Monte-Carlo radiative transfer modeling of a dust disk with the RADMC-3D code. We also present new interferometric observations with the VLTI/VINCI and MIDI instruments. We measure in the K band an upper limit to the limb-darkened angular diameter of theta_LD = 17.9 +/- 1.6 mas, converting to a maximum linear radius of R = 123 +/- 14 Rsun. Considering the geometry of the extended K band emission in the NACO images, this upper limit is probably close to the actual angular diameter of the star. The position of L2 Pup in the Herzsprung-Russell diagram indicates that this star has a mass around 2 Msun and is probably experiencing an early stage of the asymptotic giant branch. We do not detect any stellar companion of L2 Pup in our adaptive optics and interferometric observations, and we attribute its apparent astrometric wobble in the Hipparcos data to variable lighting effects on its circumstellar material. We however do not exclude the presence of a binary companion, as the large loop structure extending to more than 10 AU to the North-East of the disk in our L band images may be the result of interaction between the stellar wind of L2 Pup and a hidden secondary object. The geometric configuration that we propose, with a large dust disk seen almost edge-on, appears particularly favorable to test and develop our understanding of the formation of bipolar nebulae.

Detailed Design of Intelligent Object Framework

The design and implementation of Intelligent Object Framework(IOF) aims to unite the communication and device management through a platform independent management protocol in conjunction with a management application. The Core Framework is developed using Microsoft Visual Studio, Microsoft’s .NET Framework and Microsoft’s Windows Mobile SDK. Secondary Intelligent Object is developed using Tibbo Integrated Development Environment (TIDE) and T-BASIC programming language that is loaded on an EM1026 Embedded Device Platform running Tibbo Operating System (TiOS). The backend database is based on Microsoft’s SQL Server.In this paper, protocols associated with Smart Living are first reviewed.The system architecture and intelligent object management studio are presented. Then device application design and database design are detailed. Finally conclusions are drawn and future work is addressed.

Testing and Deployment of Intelligent Object Framework

Intelligent Object Framework(IOF) is a platform independent framework allowing differ ent devices to be controlled, monitored and communicated. The Core Framework is developed using Microsoft Visual Studio, Microsoft’s .NET Framework and Microsoft’s Windows Mobile SDK. Secondary Intelligent Object is developed using Tibbo Integrated Development Environment (TIDE) and T -BASIC programming language that is loaded on an EM1026 Embedded Device Platform running Tibbo Operating System (TiOS). The backend is using Microsoft’s SQL Server.The successful implementation of the IOF reliesheavily on the testing and deployment which allows seamless monitoring and control of two intelligent objects without any communication glitchbetween HTC Windows Mobile enabled device and Tibbo EM1026 embedded module . In this paper, embedded systems and Bluetooth applications are first reviewed. The integration testing including First Time Access, Function Exchange, and Function Execution is presented and then followed by deployment of the IOF and the associated components. Finally conclusions are drawn.

Mixture of Merged Gaussian Algorithm using RTDENN

Computer vision has been a widely developed research area in the last years, and it has been used for a broad range of applications, including surveillance systems. In the pursuit of an autonomous and smart motion detection system, a reliable segmentation algorithm is required. The main problems of present segmentation solutions are their high execution time and the lack of robustness against changes in the environment due to variations in lighting, shadows, occlusions or the movement of secondary objects. This paper proposes a new algorithm named Mixture of Merged Gaussian Algorithm (MMGA) that aims to achieve a substantial improvement in execution speed to enable real-time implementation, without compromising the reliability and accuracy of the segmentation. The MMGA is based on the combination of a probabilistic model for the background, similar to the Mixture of Gaussian Model (MGM), with the learning processes of Real-Time Dynamic Ellipsoidal Neural Networks (RTDENN) for the update of the model. The proposed algorithm has been tested for different videos and compared to the MGM and SDGM algorithms. Results show a reduction of 30 to 50 % in execution times. Furthermore, the segmentation is more robust against the effect of noise and adapts faster to lighting changes.