Secondary Interest Research Articles

Study on Secondary School Mathematics Teaching Based on Blended Teaching Model in China

Blended teaching is of great significance for improving the quality of secondary school mathematics teaching and students' interest in learning mathematics. In recent years, some scholars have done research on the blended teaching model of secondary school mathematics, but there has not been any literature to sort out and summarize them. In order to determine the aspects included in the current research on secondary school mathematics teaching based on blended teaching, and to identify the deficiencies in the current research. This paper adopts the method of literature analysis to analyze the previous studies. That's 14 articles in all and draws the following conclusions: (1) Previous research mainly focuses on five aspects, the analysis of the current situation, the connotation of blended teaching, the advantages and significance of blended teaching, the implementation strategy of blended teaching in secondary school mathematics, and specific cases. (2) The research methods are relatively single, mainly qualitative research and less quantitative research. (3) The researchers are mostly teachers in secondary schools, and there are fewer studies by university professors and educational experts. (4) The research content are similar, most scholars have divided the blended teaching into three phases: before, during and after class, respectively, starting from how to do it online and offline, and the combination of online resources and offline teaching is shallow. (5) There are still some blank spots to be researched. For example, the challenges and deficiencies of blended teaching in secondary schools in China and how to deal with them; how blended teaching should be carried out in rural and remote areas; how to evaluate under blended teaching of mathematics in secondary schools. Therefore, it is necessary for future research to conduct deeper research on secondary school mathematics teaching under blended teaching with diversified research methods.

Evaluation of Awareness and Perception Regarding Conflict of Interest in Research Among the Postgraduate Students in a Tertiary Care Center

Background and Purpose Conflict of interest (COI) exists when a set of circumstances creates a risk that a secondary interest will unduly influence professional judgment or actions regarding a primary interest. This knowledge regarding ethics and rights is given to postgraduate students in their first year of residency through various training programs. In this training, one of the concepts taught is COI. There is no available literature regarding awareness of COI among postgraduate students who are going to be future researchers; hence we decided to conduct this study. Materials and Methods It was a cross-sectional, observational, single-center, questionnaire-based Study. The validated questionnaire was administered to the postgraduate students after obtaining their written informed consent. These questions were designed based on four domains: Awareness, perception, case scenarios, and application of COI. The responses were recorded as yes/no & presented in descriptive statistics. Results The mean age of the participants was 28.67 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.92. Sixty-one percent of were female. More than 85% of postgraduate residents have an awareness of COI. Also, 70% of participants felt that increased protocol deviations and 91% reported research study outcomes are likely to be positive when there is COI in the study. Ninety-three percent of participants thought that education regarding COI was necessary. Conclusion The majority of postgraduate students had an awareness of COI. Postgraduate students perceived that the results of the study involving COI may not be credible, and formal education and training are required in this area.

Politics and Religion in Communist Romania—Case Studies: André Scrima and Valeriu Anania

(1) Background: The present research aims to emphasize the interest of the Securitate in theological matters with the help of information provided by the Romanian Securitate Archives. To this end, we will focus on two important personalities of the Romanian theological space, namely André Scrima (1925–2000), who left Romania in 1956 and refused to go back, and Valeriu Bartolomeu Anania, who was imprisoned for political reasons and later sent to the USA between 1966 and 1977. Both were writers and theological and cultural personalities (Scrima was well known internationally, while Anania had made a name for himself within the borders of the country). Therefore, the question this research will try to answer is the following: What was the interest of the Romanian Securitate in terms of religious aspects and particularly in the Orthodox Church? (2) Results: This analysis of the documents from the Romanian Securitate Archives proves that, although such an interest existed, it was rather superficial and was mostly related to the potential relations between politics and theology. (3) Methods: This analysis is qualitative and consists of a case study based on the interpretation of primary sources. (4) Conclusions: The conclusion of this research is that the Romanian Securitate was interested in the personalities and the work of André Scrima and Valeriu Bartolomeu Anania and their relationships with various people. However, the theological aspect was only of secondary interest to the Romanian Securitate.

Effect of henagliflozin on left ventricular mass index in dialysis patients with HFpEF (HELD-HF): protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

IntroductionHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent comorbidity among patients with end-stage kidney disease. Although sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are validated in treating heart failure and ameliorating...

Explaining the concepts and examples of conflict of interest and its management in the medical laboratory system of Iran: A scoping review.

The occurrence of conflict of interest (CoI) is assumed to be a big challenge facing all healthcare sectors, including the medical laboratory system (MLS). Therefore, this study aimed to explain the concepts and examples of CoI and its management within this system. This scoping review was fulfilled in 2023 in Iran. To this end, the Persian and English keywords of this study were searched on the Persian and English databases based on the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework. All retrieved articles were then imported into EndNote X8, and their quality was evaluated via the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). In total, 104 articles, of 6875 sources extracted, published from 2000 to 2023, were recruited following the identification and screening stages. Most articles had reported the maximum number of CoI examples in the MLS in diverse nations, including Iran, particularly in terms of structural, financial, objective, and subjective issues and primary and secondary interests among policymakers and higher-ranking managers of the healthcare system. Currently, CoI in healthcare systems, including the MLS, is unavoidable, but the best strategy, in preference to removing this situation, is to manage it under potential conditions before its occurrence and conversion into corruption. In view of that, it is recommended to provide effective training programs, increase transparency at work, facilitate compliance with professional guidelines, reform organizational structures and processes in the public sector, and establish policies best suited to manage CoI in the MLS of Iran.

Factors Affecting Autistic Students’ School Motivation

Factors Affecting Autistic Students’ School Motivation

The impact of aerobic endurance training on cognitive performance in schizophrenic inpatients in a clinical routine setting.

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of aerobic endurance training in schizophrenic inpatients on cognitive performance in a clinical routine setting. Of secondary interest was the influence on psychopathological symptoms. A total of 31 schizophrenic inpatients were randomly assigned to receive either controlled endurance training or occupational therapy. The experimental group underwent endurance training of 20-30min each, 3 times per week for a total of up to 22 training sessions. The control group received about 90min of occupational therapy, 2-3 times per week for up to 22 sessions. Cognitive performance was assessed via an extensive neuropsychological examination before randomization and prior to discharge. Significant improvements in cognitive functions and psychopathology could be shown in both groups. For verbal memory functions (short-term memory, working memory, and learning performance), there was a significant advantage for the aerobic endurance training group. Physical exercise is a feasible, easy-to-implement add-on therapy for schizophrenic patients in a clinical routine setting with positive effects on verbal memory functions. Besides, it seems important to fill the gap between inpatient and outpatient health care, providing physical training supply for this patient group.

Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of People With A High Body Mass Index Across the Kidney Disease Spectrum: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Obesity has a major impact on health and health care, particularly in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective was to describe the prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of people living with CKD and obesity (defined by a body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) in Canada. Population-based cohort study using linked administrative health data (ICES). Adults aged 18 year and older with CKD G1-5D who had a height and weight recorded during a visit to an academic hospital in London Ontario Canada, between January 2010 and December 2019. CKD as defined by CKD 3A or higher. BMI as defined by weight kg/m2. As a primary interest, we described the percentage of patients with CKD across different BMI categories (<25 kg/m2, BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2, and BMI ≥30 kg/m2), as well as their demographic and clinical profiles. As secondary interests, we followed patients until January 1, 2022 to summarize: (1) the percentage with CKD G3 who had kidney disease progression (50% decline from baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) by BMI category, (2) the percentage with CKD G3-4 who developed kidney failure (initiation of maintenance dialysis or an eGFR of <15 mL/min/1.73 m2) by BMI category, (3) the percentage with CKD G4-G5D who received a kidney transplant by BMI category, and (4) post-transplant outcomes in those transplanted over the study period, by BMI category. We performed similar analyses across CKD risk categories. Of the 198 151 patients included, the percentage with obesity defined by a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 increased from CKD G1 to CKD G4 (ie, 37% of those with CKD G1 had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 vs 40.9% of CKD G4). In CKD G5D and CKD T, the prevalence of high BMI appeared to drop (only ~38% had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 across groups). Across CKD categories, those with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 appeared to have more comorbidities, use more health care resources, and have more socioeconomic disparities than those with lower BMIs. Although secondary outcome events were limited, those with G3-4 with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 appeared to have a higher risk of CKD progression and those with CKD G5D with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 were less likely to receive transplant over the study period. Interestingly those transplanted with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 appeared to have fewer post-transplant complications. We also observed an "obesity-paradox" in the risk of mortality, with high BMI appearing protective, particularly in the end stages of kidney disease. We used BMI to capture obesity in this study but recognize its limitations as a measure of body composition. Secondary outcomes were descriptive and unadjusted due to small sample size and may have been subject to selection bias and confounding. Obesity defined by high BMI is highly prevalent in people with CKD, and patients have health, health care, and social disparity. Future studies to understand the impact of BMI on patients with CKD and how to individualize and manage BMI and obesity across the spectrum of CKD remain important.

The Evolution of Nepal's Foreign Policy in a Dynamic Political Landscape

Foreign policy is a vital part of national policy. Foreign policy is the cornerstone of any sovereign country's foreign relations. The foreign policy of Nepal has been implemented in the same manner despite the changing circumstances in the country. The current constitution with an updated structure has come into force. In addition to the design of the constitution, Nepal's governance system has also been altered. Even in the changing context, Nepal has continued its old foreign policy. A country's foreign policy also plays an important role in its development. Nepal's foreign policy has always been guided by its primary interests. Research should be conducted to determine why the situation could not be changed. Nepal's foreign policy is based on its initial interests. During this study, the effect of foreign policy with primary and secondary interests on the development of the country as well as the current foreign policy of Nepal have been examined. In this study, only secondary data is used, and it is qualitative in nature. Data and facts derived from secondary sources were gathered from the library and related literature reviews. To conclude, the data is interpreted and analyzed in the context of Nepal's foreign policy considering the changing political situation.

Preventing the next fragility fracture: a cross-sectional survey of secondary fragility fracture prevention services worldwide

BackgroundThere has been an increasing awareness of the public health impact of fragility fractures due to osteoporosis and the imperative of addressing this health burden with well-designed secondary fragility fracture...

Organizational resistance through organizing principles: the case of gender equality in the military

PurposePrevious studies show that the implementation of gender equality encounters resistance in military organizations, but it is often invisible or seen as confined to anonymous structures or troubled individuals. This paper aims to show how the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) use organizational principles to resist implementing gender equality measures.Design/methodology/approachThe study is a qualitative analysis of discursive strategies in the SAF’s 2013–2018 annual reports to government.FindingsThe organizing principles of instrumentality and distance, while existing in parallel with gender equality efforts, actually pursue logics that prevents the SAF from implementing gender equality. The principle of instrumentality in this context means that gender equality in the SAF is of secondary interest to organizational members. The principle of distancing from the problem includes strategies that alienate female from male officers.Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper is the finding that the use of organizing principles represents conscious organizational resistance to gender equality efforts. This kind of use needs to be revealed and criticized to change military organizations.

IV. Erzählen vor Gericht: Die Basler Zeugenverhörprotokolle der Jahre 1475–1480

Summary Since the 13th century, the interrogation of witnesses has been firmly anchored in medieval finding of justice. Theory and practice are in a reciprocal relationship with society, which recurs to testimonies in order to find justice. The level of reflection in the law books is high. Particular attention is paid to the question of who must be excluded from the witness stand, whereas the question of who is suitable is of secondary interest. On the one hand, the law books identify groups of people who are to be excluded, on the other hand, they discuss time-specific forms of social solidarities and hostilities from which bias results. In legal practice, the relationship between law and society presents itself as a tense one. As in Marseille (14th century), the balance can be favoured by the procedure (catalogue of questions) in favour of society, and social solidarities can homogenise the witness depositions. But the same procedure can also individualise them in the sense of the law, as in Aragón in the 15th and 16th century. In the late medieval Rhine metropolis of Basel, on which this contribution focusses, the balance also turns out in favour of the law, though the individual testimony does not follow a fixed grid of questions.

Testing the Target Congruence Approach: Do Vulnerability, Gratifiability, and Antagonism Explain Cyberstalking Victimization Among Young Adults?

To extend theoretical understanding of cyberspace victimization beyond lifestyle-routine activity theory, we tested the target congruence approach as a plausible explanation for cyberstalking victimization. Of secondary interest, we assessed whether the relationship between target congruence and cyberstalking victimization differs by pursued–pursuer relationship. Survey data from a sample of 1,500 young adults (18–25 years old) revealed 32% had experienced cyberstalking victimization within the previous year. Logistic regression results moderately support the target congruence approach. Measures capturing target vulnerability (e.g., age, disability), target gratifiability (e.g., gender identity, types of photos posted), and target antagonism (e.g., relationship status, cyberstalking perpetration) significantly predicted cyberstalking victimization. Moreover, it appears that the target congruence elements better explain cyberstalking victimization conducted by someone known to the target (compared with a stranger). Implications for the applicability of the target congruence approach are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.

Oocyte and embryo cryopreservation in assisted reproductive technology: past achievements and current challenges

Cryopreservation has revolutionized the treatment of infertility and fertility preservation. This review summarizes the milestones that paved the way to the current routinary clinical implementation of this game-changing practice in assisted reproductive technology. Still, evidence to support "the best practice" in cryopreservation is controversial and several protocol adaptations exist that were described and compared here, such as cumulus-intact vs. cumulus-free oocyte cryopreservation, artificial collapse, assisted hatching, closed vs. open carriers, and others. A last matter of concern is whether cryostorage duration may impact oocyte/embryo competence, but the current body of evidence in this regard is reassuring. From social and clinical perspectives, oocyte and embryo cryopreservation has evolved from an afterthought when assisted reproduction was intended for immediate pregnancy with supernumerary embryos of secondary interest to its current purpose, which primarily is to preserve fertility long-term and more comprehensively allow for family planning. However, the initial consenting process, which still is geared to short-term fertility care, may no longer be relevant when the individuals that initially preserved the tissues have completed their reproductive journey. A more encompassing counseling model is required to address changing patient values over time.

U.S. National Interests and Strategic Objectives Pursued in Iraq at the Beginning of the Twenty First Century

In the early 21st century, the foreign policy of the United States (US) towards Iraq was intensifi ed and certain American national interests and strategic goals were pursued in this area. The article analyses three groups of objectives: political, economic and geostrategic (military), which, with varying levels of intensity, the US government pursued in Iraq during that period. At the same time, the author focuses not only on the declared goals but also on those actually implemented. She outlines the main US national interests (divided into vital, very important, important and secondary interests) that determine its goals and strategies. Finally, the effects of the US strategic goals in Iraq are referred to, showing which actions have brought the expected results, and which have not been very effective.

The Impact of Blended Learning on Chinese Middle School Students' Interest in Learning During Covid-19

As the covid-19 pandemic forced campus closures, schools were transformed in how they taught and learned. Blended learning is the approach chosen by most schools, combining face-to-face learning with online learning to allow students to receive education and meet academic needs. This paper describes the adoption of blended learning in China based on constructivist theory. The purpose was to research the impact of blended learning on Chinese middle school students who developed an interest in learning during the covid-19 pandemic. The paper uses a questionnaire-based research method to study their perceptions of blended learning and changes in achievement, involving 150 Chinese secondary school students. The results show that blended learning positively contributed to Chinese secondary school student's interest in learning, resulting in improved performance during the covid-19 period.

Deep Learning-Based Adaptive Online Intelligent Framework for a Blockchain Application in Risk Control of Asset Securitization

Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies have attracted massive attention from both legal communities and businesses. Asset securitization is the procedure in which an issuer designs a financial instrument that is marketable by combining or merging different financial assets into one group. However, most securitization occurs with loans and other assets that generate receivables, such as consumer or business debt of various types. This article discusses the possible benefits of blockchain during the securitization process using the deep learning-based adaptive online intelligent framework (DLAOIF). The benefits can be significant, from reduced costs, time, and fraud risks to increased safety, trust, and accuracy. Tracking financial assets on a blockchain can reduce dependence on credit rating organizations and allow investors to monitor asset performance and the associated risk more carefully. It should improve investor confidence and increase secondary market interest.

Medals, Rings, and Olympic Dreams: A Review Essay of Antonio Sotomayor and Cesar R. Torres, eds., Olimpismo

Medals, Rings, and Olympic Dreams: A Review Essay of Antonio Sotomayor and Cesar R. Torres, eds., <i>Olimpismo</i>

DINCOLO PRACTICI ȘI CONVENIENȚE DISCURSIVE PRECEDENTE. REPREZENTĂRI ALE ROMILOR ÎN PRESA CENTRALĂ DE LIMBĂ GERMANĂ DIN ROMÂNIA COMUNISTĂ ȘI MIZELE LOR POLITICE

The present paper addresses a topic entirely ignored in the studies dedicated to the Roma people during communism times. I am interested to highlight how Roma were accounted for in the German speaking central press published in communist Romania. I am setting my research in the field of representation of otherness but I am setting the resulting rhetoric dedicated to the Roma in the context in which the journalists and the readership were also embodying an ethnic other that had to be surveilled and policed - it is true in a particular fashion and with other means –, by the Communist Romanian state authorities. Remarks concerning the Roma, made in a more or less fugitive fashion in various and scattered press articles, can be regarded as of secondary interests. They appear to be more likely to be a pretext to debate about the challenges encountered by the communist social engineering program. Publication of texts involving interactions between ethnics of different origins, including Germans and Roma, was also a communist journalistic strategy to propagandistically present the advancements made with regard to a provocative social issue which had been wrongly addressed by previous political regimes. In the following pages, I am examining the narratives of the articles published in the “Neuer Weg” and its yearly almanac for a period of fifty years. The objective is to illustrate how Roma were instrumentalized in a propagandistic campaign to reshape modes of thinking of the Germans from communist Romania. Different references to Roma were exploited to nurture a collective feeling of common belongingness to an imagined working - class society that had to transcend preexisting ethnic prejudiced thinking. Hints to sensitive topics like the slavery or the radical wright wing exterminations policies against the Roma were referred to in a cunning attempt to convey to the German readership a sense of guilt, and, thus, to neutralize its eventual reactions in the context of collectivization, systematization, educational, policies.

Conflicts of interest in medicine. CETREMI recommendations.

Conflicts of interest are situations in which judgment and integrity of medical decisions or actions are influenced by a secondary interest, often of an economic nature. The Committee of Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico recognizes that these conflicts occur in health professionals' daily life, but also in public and private institutions that provide health services, as well as in the academy and in research activities. Therefore, it is necessary to identify conflicting situations and always act in accordance with the patient's interest.