Influence Of Secondary Factors Research Articles

ADOPTION OF WATER‐SAVING PRACTICES BY IRRIGATORS IN THE HIGH PLAINS1

ABSTRACT: The High Plains has been viewed as an immense garden because of its highly productive agricultural system based on irrigation. But there is concern that the aquifers are being depleted and that the region may be returning to its natural state of a vast shortgrass prairie. Efforts to avoid this scenario and to ensure continued survival of the integrated agribusiness economy focus on conserving water in irrigation. This paper examines the adoption of 39 water‐saving practices for ten counties in Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. The frequency of adoption was estimated from a survey of 709 irrigators, and the variance was found primarily to be a function of location and secondarily to be influenced by number of wells, type of irrigation system, depth to water, age, and education. Locational differences remained strong even when the influence of secondary factors were controlled.

RADIATION PRESERVATION OF FOODS: SUBSTERILIZING APPLICATIONS

Substerilization (or nonsterilization) food irradiation applications are a large, diverse and growing group that is typically classified according to dose levels or ranges, technical objectives, and to a lesser extent, according to commodity. Costing and pricing of service or contract radiation processing is determined ultimately by the singularly important variable, exposure time in the irradiator or the time needed to complete a run/load of product. This time is determined by two factors unique to radiation processing, the minimum required dose (energy absorption) and the bulk density of the product. Secondary influencing factors include the volume and regularity of processing of a given product, ease of pre‐ and post‐irradiation handling, and special handling requirements such as refrigerated or frozen temperatures. Since gamma irradiator cell capacity is fixed according to both volume and weight, although low bulk density product can be processed to a given dose more rapidly than high, the latter can have the price advantage on a weight basis because of greater weight processed per cell loading. A carrier or cell loading of very low bulk density product is likely to be limited by the volume maximum whereas for very high bulk density material the weight maximum is more likely to be limiting. The ideal target bulk density and dimensions are those which permit loading to the volume and weight maximums, thus providing maximum efficiency of process.

Influence of secondary factors on the light hydrocarbon composition of oils of the central depression of Cuba

(1982). Influence of secondary factors on the light hydrocarbon composition of oils of the central depression of Cuba. International Geology Review: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 99-104.

Densification behavior of hot porous powder billets

1. A method has been developed for pressing preheated porous billets with flat punches, in which the influence of secondary factors upon the densification process is reduced to a minimum and reliable data are obtained concerning the key characteristics of the process. 2. As a result of determinations of the characteristics wm and n of the densification process at various densities and ratios of billet dimensions it was established that the densification process in PFP is unaffected by friction between the material and the die wall and that wm decreases and n increases with increase in billet density. A tentative description of billet deformation is put forward. 3. It is shown that the characteristics of the densification process can be calculated for billets of various porosities. 4. Special features of PFP and its advantages compared with “free forging” and PPED are described.