Numerical simulation has become an indispensable tool in the study of gas discharge. However, it is typically used to reveal microscopic properties in a discharge under specific conditions. In this work, a unified fluid model for discharge simulation is introduced in detail. The model includes the continuity equation, the energy conservation equation of the species (electrons and heavy particles), and Poisson's equation. The model takes into account some processes such as cathode electron emission (secondary electron emission and thermal emission), reaction enthalpy change, gas heating, and cathode heat conduction. The full current-voltage characteristic (CVC) curve covers a range of discharge regimes, such as the Geiger-Muller regime, Townsend discharge, subnormal glow discharge, normal glow discharge, abnormal glow discharge, and arc discharge. The obtained CVC curve is consistent with the results in the literature, confirming the validity of the unified fluid model. On this basis, the CVC curves are obtained in a wide pressure range of 50 Torr-3000 Torr. Simulation studies are carried out focusing on the discharge characteristics for microgap of 400 µm and at pressures of 50 Torr and 500 Torr, respectively. The distributions of typical discharge parameters under different pressure conditions are analyzed by comparison. The results indicate that the electric field in the discharge gap is uniform, and that the space charge effect can be ignored. The cathode fall region and the quasi-neutral region both appear in the glow discharge, and the space charge effect is significant. In particular, the electric field reversal occurs in the abnormal discharge regime due to the heightened particle density gradient. The electron density reaches about 10<sup>22</sup> m<sup>-3</sup> in the arc discharge regime dominated by thermal emission and thermal ionization, with the current density increasing. The gas temperature peak is 11850 K when the pressure is 500 Torr, and the cathode surface is heated to 400 K due to heat conduction. The present model can be used to simulate gas discharge across a wide range of condition parameters, promoting and expanding fluid model applications, and assisting in a more comprehensive investigation of discharge parameter properties.