Secondary Data Sources Research Articles

ROLE OF WOMEN EMPLOYEES TOWARDS INVESTOR ANALYSIS IN THE POST-PANDEMIC ERA

The post-pandemic era has prompted significant changes in the global workforce, with a notable impact on women employees. This paper examined the role of women employees in shaping investor analysis, focusing on how gender diversity influences corporate performance, investment decisions, and long-term value creation. Women employees, particularly in leadership roles, contribute to organizational resilience, innovation, and sustainability. By assessing the role of women in the workforce and their influence on investor sentiment, this study highlights the interconnectedness between corporate diversity and financial growth in the post-pandemic context. The main objectives are to understand the role of gender diversity in corporate performance, governance, and long-term value creation. The selection of a research strategy is a crucial step in the research design process, as it dictates how relevant data for the study will be collected. The study utilized both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was obtained through a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms, completed by a group of respondents. In addition, to build the theoretical and analytical framework, secondary data was sourced from various books, published materials, newspapers, journals, and websites. A sample size of 100 women was selected from an unlimited population. The researcher employed a random sampling method to choose the participants.

Analisis upaya mengatasi perselisihan keluarga dalam masalah kewarisan masyarakat Lombok Tengah

This research aims to understand how the Praya Religious Court handles inheritance disputes in Central Lombok district. The phenomenon that occurs is often a dispute between family members involving third parties from the surrounding community. This research was conducted using qualitative methods. Data was collected directly from participants or through observing behavior in their natural situation, which was then reinforced with primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources in this research are internal and external informants from the Praya Religious Court. Based on the results of the research on the main causes of family conflict in inheritance disputes, the first is that all inheritances have never been divided and are controlled unilaterally by some heirs. Secondly, the inheritance has been divided within the family but not in accordance with the provisions. The best and preferred settlement effort is through out-of-court (non-litigation) deliberation institutions, either privately between family members. Settlement can also involve the help of religious leaders, traditional leaders, and government leaders to reach a fair and harmonious agreement. The best effort to resolve family conflicts in inheritance disputes in the Central Lombok community is through out-of-court deliberation institutions (non-litigation). The conclusion of the research is that the settlement of inheritance disputes by religious courts is optimally carried out through non-litigation deliberations, both directly between family members and with the help of religious leaders, officials of the Religious Affairs Office, Customary Chiefs, Hamlet Heads, and Village Heads.

FACTORS AFFECTING SEXUALLY ABUSED GIRLS FROM ACCESSING JUSTICE IN THE RURAL COMMUNITIES OF SIERRA LEONE.CASE STUDY: LUAWA CHIEFDOM, KAILAHUN DISTRICT IN PERSPECTIVE

Child sexual abuse occurs around the world in completely different contexts and situations. An estimated 150 million girls and 73 million boys under the age of 18 have experienced forced intercourse or other forms of sexual violence, including physical contact. The aim of this study is to explore factors that make it difficult for sexually abused girls to access justice in rural areas of Sierra Leone. Case study: Perspectives from Luawa Emirate, Kailahun District. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional research design using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The study was conducted in Luawa Chiefdom, Kailahun District. The subjects of the study were girls aged between 10 and 20 years living in Kailahun Municipality. A population sample of 95 participants was selected of which 80 were female and 15 were male participants. 15 male participants were selected to share their views on the phenomenon under study. Data for this study was obtained from two sources namely primary and secondary sources. Secondary sources of data for this study were obtained from published and unpublished materials. These include computerized data, project documents, magazines, newspapers, textbooks, and annual reports on rape and other sexual abuse cases published by the Rainbow Centre in Sierra Leone and the Sierra Leone Police. The study concludes that sexually abused women and girls face a huge disparity in terms of justice compared to men. The study suggests that poverty is the main cause of sexual abuse of girls in Kailahun district.

An Examination of the Conceptual Framework around the Constitutional Abolition of Article 370 in the Indian Constitution and its Socio-Political Consequences for Pakistan

Over the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India and Pakistan have been at enmity since the subcontinent was divided into two distinct states. Prime Minister Nehru reiterated the statement, ensuring that the people of Kashmir would depart immediately if they desired an Indian departure. The region's provisional agreement with India's main territory was subsequently guaranteed by Articles 370 and 35-A of the Indian Constitution. In this study, the consequences and impact of India's annulment of Article 370 on Pakistan are evaluated. The research study takes a qualitative approach, focusing primarily on secondary sources of data based on document analysis. The primary findings of the study indicate that the deteriorating law and order situation in Kash is primarily due to the abrogation of Article 370 in the Indian Constitution. This will have a huge impact on Pakistan's security paradigm by making her more vulnerable to India's hegemonic designs.

Exploring the Contributory Factors of Homicide Victimization within the Province of Pampanga, Philippines

In the province of Pampanga, Philippines, particularly from 2019-2022, homicide victimization is considered the third highest crime category in the region. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring and evaluating the factors contributing to homicide victimization in Pampanga during the specific years. The descriptive research design was employed using the survey questionnaire and secondary data sources to answer the objectives of the study. A survey questionnaire was distributed purposively to 101 Police Commissioned Officers (PCO) and Police Non-Commissioned Officers (PNCO) stationed at various police stations in Pampanga. The study revealed that the homicide incidents in the province of Pampanga, Philippines from 2019-2022 occurred often in the evening and midnight during the first quarter. Homicide incidents can occur in public and private places and the perpetrators were sometimes under the influence of alcohol/liquor, and the weapons often used were guns/firearm, knives, and other blunt/bladed instruments. The motives of the perpetrators are usually out of anger or hatred, heated argument and revenge, and the often modus operandi were shooting the victims and stabbing or hacking the victims. Furthermore, the study also revealed that the crime prevention programs to prevent the occurrence of homicide incidents in Pampanga, Philippines were always implemented. Positive correlations were observed to the time of occurrence, involvement of perpetrators, weapons used, motives and community involvement.

Unlocking Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: A Roadmap Through Challenges and Opportunities

Purpose: This paper aimed to explore the concept of inclusive growth within Nigeria's socio-economic framework, particularly in light of the Nigeria Agenda 2050 (NA2050), a strategic policy initiative. It seeks to understand Nigeria's multifaceted challenges and opportunities in achieving inclusive growth. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study reviewed secondary data sources including, reports from various agencies and institutions, and government data. It utilised thematic analysis to dissect and present insights into Nigeria's developmental trajectory as outlined by NA2050. Findings: Despite significant economic strides, Nigeria struggles with socio-economic disparities, marked by high unemployment, rising inflation, and infrastructural deficits. The NA2050 is a crucial framework advocating for robust governance, macroeconomic stability, economic diversification, and human capital development to overcome these challenges. Practical Implications: The study highlighted the essential roles of technological advancement and financial inclusion as key drivers of sustainable development and economic resilience in Nigeria. It calls for a multi-stakeholder approach to implement NA2050's strategies effectively, enhancing transparency in the oil sector, prioritising human capital development, and fostering private sector-led growth. Social Implications: This research emphasised the need for inclusive growth that benefits all societal layers in Nigeria, addressing the persistent socio-economic gaps that hinder equitable development and social cohesion. Originality and Value: The paper contributes to the discourse on inclusive growth by providing a pragmatic roadmap for Nigeria’s socio-economic revitalisation, offering a detailed analysis of the strategies embedded in the NA2050 and their potential impact on the nation's future.

Contextualizing Muhammad Abduh’s Thought on Religious Tolerance in Indonesia

Indonesia, characterized by its rich religious diversity, inevitably experiences variations in religious principles. Engaging in religious practices can sometimes lead to excessive fanaticism, resulting in conflicts and divisions within religious communities. To mitigate such challenges, fostering religious tolerance becomes crucial for promoting harmony. This qualitative research employs a library research method, analyzing secondary data sources to explore the concept of tolerance as interpreted by Muhammad Abduh, an Islamic theologian and reformist, in his work “Tafsir al-Manar.” Abduh’s interpretation aligns with Surah Al-Baqarah verse 256 from the Qur’an, emphasizing the importance of mutual respect and the freedom of belief without coercion. Given Indonesia’s context, where Islam is known for its openness, inclusivity, and problem-solving capabilities, studying and embracing the concept of tolerance from “Tafsir al-Manar” is highly relevant. The study concludes that Abduh’s perspectives on religious tolerance can significantly contribute to national harmony and the advancement of humanitarian values in Indonesia.

Strategi Pengelolaan Kelas dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pembelajaran Fiqih di MDT Al-Munjiyat Pontianak

This study aims to identify the factors that support and hinder classroom management strategies and evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in enhancing the quality of learning. The research methodology employed is descriptive in nature and adopts a qualitative approach. The primary data sources consist of interviews, observations, and documentation obtained from school principals, teachers, and staff members. Secondary data sources include relevant journals, books, and websites. The data analysis entails data display, data reduction, and drawing conclusions. The findings of the study reveal the following: 1) Teachers employ various strategies in classroom management such as maintaining a positive classroom atmosphere, adopting personal approaches towards students, organizing seating arrangements, providing individual attention, and offering constructive warnings. These efforts significantly contribute to improving the learning process and outcomes. 2) The supporting factors for effective classroom management strategies encompass the availability of adequate facilities, a relevant school curriculum, teachers' abilities and competencies, a conducive learning environment, collaborative interactions among teachers, school administrators, and principals, an efficient school management system, and a strong teacher-student rapport. 3) Teachers also employ strategic initiatives in classroom management, including the provision of school facilities, the inclusion of Quranic reading prior to lessons, the enhancement of teacher competence, self-evaluation by teachers throughout the planning and implementation stages of teaching, including lesson planning, and efforts to assess the students' circumstances. In conclusion, enhancing the quality of learning is contingent not only upon the efforts of teachers but also necessitates support from various factors, such as teacher competence, adequate facilities and infrastructure, and a conducive learning environment.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN COST OF QUALITY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PRODUK PADA PERUSAHAAN TAHU BULAT PD JEMPOL DI KABUPATEN CIAMIS

Competition in the business sector requires that every company needs to produce quality products. This can be done by always checking and standardizing product quality. The costs incurred for these needs are often called quality costs or quality costs. The purpose of this research is to find out the extent of the quality of quality carried out by the round tofu company PD Jempol located in Ciamis Regency to improve the quality of its products. The method used by the author is a descriptive qualitative method. The data sources used are primary and secondary data sources obtained from interviews, observations and literature studies. The results of the research show that from the components taken, it can be concluded that the PD Jempol Round Tofu Company has implemented quality costs but needs to maximize the Cost of Quality in the business carried out.

Online Shop Business Owners’ Perception Toward Zakat in Langsa City

In the perspective of Islamic law, ideally, every income that has reached the threshold should be subject to a certain amount of zakat. In reality, many online entrepreneurs in Kota Langsa are indifferent to this matter, causing academic concern behind the lack of awareness in paying zakat. This article falls under field research with a qualitative approach. The methodology used is descriptive analysis study. Primary data sources include in-depth interviews with online business operators in Kota Langsa. Secondary data sources comprise scholarly articles published within the last five years. The research concludes that the lack of awareness stems from confusion among the public regarding the amount and procedures of zakat in online trade that must be fulfilled. Therefore, governmental socialization efforts are needed to stimulate public interest in its distribution.

Implementation of the Disclosure Principle in Submitting Evidence in Civil Lawsuits Through e-Court in the Class 1 A District Court Medan and Class 1 A District Court Lubuk Pakam

This article aims to determine the implementation of the principle of disclosure in submitting evidence in civil lawsuits through e-Court in the district court, by taking the location of research in the Class 1 A District Court Medan and Class 1 A District Court Lubuk Pakam. Technological advances have provided convenience in public services, including electronic case resolution services in district courts with the introduction of e-Court. The research methods used are the type of normative juridical research supported by field research, the approach methods used are statutory approaches and conceptual approaches, secondary data sources and primary data, technical data collection literature research and field research, qualitative data analysis and deductive conclusions. This study concludes that the electronic justice system (e-Court) in the Medan Class 1 A District Court and Lubuk Pakam Class 1 A Court provides convenience to the parties concerned and their legal representatives to submit evidence in civil lawsuits, but regarding the implementation of the principle of disclosure, the information obtained regarding evidence is only limited to information on letter evidence that enters the Court Information Tracing System which is still of doubtful authenticity without direct mail check.

TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARI’AH TERHADAP AKAD PERJANJIAN KERJA SAMA ANTARA PORTER DAN PT. KAI

The cooperative relationship between the company and the workers still leaves serious problems regarding the rights and obligations of each party, as well as what happens in the cooperative relationship between the porter and the company PT. KAI at Palembang Kertapati Station. This study aims to determine the mechanism of the work relationship between the porter and PT. KAI at Palembang Kertapati Station, knowing the role of porters in improving the service quality of PT. KAI at Palembang Kertapati Station, and knowing the sharia economic law review of the cooperation agreement between the porter and PT. KAI at Palembang Kertapati Station. The method used in this research is to use a qualitative approach. This type of research is field research. Sources of data used are primary data sources and secondary data sources. Respondents or informants in this study are people who have knowledge of the work of porters at Palembang Kertapati Station, and some of the porters themselves. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results of the analysis in the discussion can be concluded from several points, namely: First, the working relationship between the porter and PT. KAI at Palembang Kertapati Station is a volunteer worker at PT. KAI that works at Palembang Kertapati Station with a permit and coordination mechanism at the Head of Kertapati Station in Palembang. Second, the role of porters in improving the service quality of PT. KAI at Palembang Kertapati Station is to fulfill the vision of PT. KAI. And third, a review of sharia economic law on the cooperation agreement that if viewed based on the contract, the work agreement or syirkah (in Islamic view) that occurs between the porter and PT. KAI is a syirkah 'abdan / syirkah' charity, and if seen according to thecontract ijarah, even though in the working relationship between the porter and PT. KAI at Palembang Kertapati Station according to PT. KAI that porter is not part of PT. KAI and also not part of Palembang Kertapati Station, but the wages earned by porters are directly from passengers who use their services on the terms of the rates set by PT. KAI.

Stakeholders’ Participation in the Creative Economic Development of Cirebon City

This study aims to examine the participation level of stakeholders, identify the dominant stakeholders, and investigate the factors inhibiting stakeholders’ participation in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of creative economic development in Cirebon City. “Creative City” is politically and legally stipulated as the city vision in the regional mid-term development plan 2018-2023 of Cirebon City. As the creative economy is centered around the production, exchanges, and consumption of goods and services from human creativity, Cirebon City is, therefore, a significant case study to investigate how the local government implements participatory processes in developing a creative city.Using qualitative methods, data were collected through a semi-guided interview of 190 respondents from five stakeholders: academics, businesses, communities, government institutions, and media organizations. It was followed by a focus group discussion of 12 key respondents selected purposively from the five stakeholders. With primary and secondary data sources, qualitative data was analyzed through the process of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification.This study concluded that stakeholders' participation in all stages of creative economic development in Cirebon was still minimal. The businesses in culinary subsectors as the most dominant stakeholders in the participation processes. The lack of socialization from the municipal government and the limited collaboration amongst the stakeholders were identified as the inhibiting factors of inclusive participation in creative city development. The government needs to accelerate creative economic development through multisectoral policies, including improvement of business knowledge and skills of the local business actors, goods and services’ quality upgrading and assurance, certification and legal assistance, as well as promotion and market expansion

PERJANJIAN HUTANG ANTARA PETANI DAN PENGEPUL HASIL PANEN KOPI DI DESA KEMBAHANG LAMA KABUPATEN EMPAT LAWANG DITINJAU DARI FIQH MUAMALAH

This thesis is entitled Debt Agreements Between Farmers and Collectors of Coffee Harvests in Kembahang Lama Village, Empat Lawang Regency. This thesis answers two questions; First, the form of a debt agreement between farmers and coffee harvesters in Kembahang Lama Village, Talang Padang District, Empat Lawang Regency. Second, namely the Fiqh Muamalah review of the debt agreement between farmers and collectors of coffee harvests in Kembahang Lama Village, Talang Padang District, Empat Lawang Regency. The research used in this research is field research. Sources of data used are primary data sources (obtained through direct observation and interviews with informants) and secondary data sources (obtained through literature on motor vehicle tax, either in the form of books, journals or websites). The result of the discussion is that the Debt Agreement between Farmers and Collectors of Coffee Harvests in Kembahang Lama Village, Empat Lawang Regency is not allowed because there is one condition that is violated, namely the sighat condition.

Linking formal institutional distance, subsidiary autonomy for innovation and subsidiary global (value-added) mandates

PurposeThis study examines the effects of formal institutional distance (ID) on the foreign subsidiary global mandates (i.e. the subsidiary value-added role in terms of research and development (R&D), product management and supplying of inputs to the multinational enterprise (MNE) globally). Furthermore, it examines the mediating role of subsidiary autonomy for innovation in the relationship between formal ID and subsidiary global mandates.Design/methodology/approachSurvey evidence from foreign subsidiaries in a remote developed economy, i.e. New Zealand, is obtained. Formal distance is measured based on the worldwide governance indicators (WGI), and the hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling.FindingsResults show that the direct link between formal ID and subsidiary global mandates is negative. However, autonomy for innovation as a mediator offsets this negative relationship, showing a positive mediating effect between formal ID and subsidiary global mandates.Originality/valueThis study extends research on foreign subsidiaries and their value-added roles in the MNE. We show the differentiated role of formal ID and indicate a contingency showing how the negative influence of formal ID on subsidiary global mandates can be offset. The inconsistent mediation of autonomy for innovation suggests that the concept of ID is multifaceted and complex, in contrast to the popular view that ID has only negative implications. Drawing upon evidence from a remote, developed economy and secondary data sources, we suggest how MNEs may positively use their formal ID with their subsidiaries.

An Effective Air Pollution Prediction Model Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Air pollution is a major environmental concern globally, with both developed and developing countries facing its impacts. In recent years, citizens and governments have become increasingly concerned about the effects of air pollution on human health and have proposed sustainable development initiatives to address this issue. In a recent study, air pollution data from the years 2020-2022 was collected from a secondary data source. The data set included six key input features, including SO2, PM2.5, CO, PM10, NO2, and O3 values. To analyse this data, various machine learning models were employed, including linear regression, multiple linear regression, KNN, random forest regression, decision tree regression, support vector regression, and artificial neural networks. To ensure the accuracy of the predictions, mean square error and R square were used to measure the absolute error and forecast precision. Additionally, the importance of each input feature in air pollution was investigated, providing valuable insights into the factors that contribute to air pollution levels. Overall, the use of machine learning algorithms in air pollution estimation and prediction has significant potential to improve our understanding of this critical environmental issue and inform effective strategies for addressing it.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Toxic Parenting Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

The problem in this research is legal protection on children suffering toxic parenting in the Labuhanbatu district in the perspective of Islamic law. The type of research in this study is field research, using qualitative approaches, the primary data source of children to experience toxic parenting in the family in 2021-2022 and the caretaker of the women and child protection services (DPPPA), A secondary source of data consists of books, journals, and documents related to the study. The data-gathering techniques used are interviews, observations, and documentation. The data-analysis techniques use qualitative descriptive. That the protection of law in labuhanbatu district is good enough because there is an institution that serves to protect children: the women's protection and child protection service (DPPPA), by performing socialization, and protecting children by providing mediation services, legal aid, and psychological recovery, according to the 2014 35th act on child protection, while it is the perspective of Islamic law that children should be protected from all that could lead to the exclusion of children's rights, Like the one in QS. At-Tahrim: 66, which is the right to an education, a living, protection, and nurturing, and hampering growth of children, for in the perspective of Islamic law the violent behaviour of children is strictly prohibited except in education and worship, it should fit within some provisions, it is according to Ahmad bin Hanbal that the Prophet SAW forbids such violence as beating and educating children, And also, in the opinion of clerics educating children with violence, is not recommended according to dalil-dalil, both the Qur'an and As-Sunnah. Therefore, legal protection in the Labuhanbatu district is in keeping with an Islamic law perspective that prohibits violent child abuse.

Peran Kepolisian Dalam Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Di Kota Padang Sidempuan

This study aims to determine the role of the Indonesian National Police in implementing the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 2021 concerning Implementation of Vaccinations in the Context of Mitigating the Covid-19 Pandemic in the City of Padang Sidempuan. This researcher is a field research (Field Research) with a qualitative approach. The primary data sources in this study were the Padang Sidempuan City Police, Padang Sidempuan City Health Office employees, several local residents and secondary data sources were books, laws, articles and several journals. The data collection techniques for this research are observation, interviews and documentation which will then be analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the Police have played an active role in inviting, encouraging and socializing the implementation of vaccinations and increasing public awareness about vaccines so that people are not affected by vaccine issues that are not true. Factors that influence the implementation of vaccinations in the City of Padang sidempuan, namely there are inhibiting factors that the community is still little educated about vaccines and lack of awareness about the importance of health and supporting factors, namely Krepolisian in collaboration with other agencies or institutions such as the Health Service. As for the fiqh siyasa review of the role of the Police in implementing the regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia that the police are officers who carry out the tasks given by the leader, which in fiqh siyasa this leader is called ulil amri and in the fiqh siyasah rules it states that "Tasroful imamu a'larroiyyati manuwtun bil maslahati" which means, the policy of an imam or government must be based on benefit. So, if the role of the police is related to fiqh siyasa, there will be no deviations so that it does not harm the local community in carrying out the vaccination.

Dampak Kotak Infaq Nahdlatul Ulama (KOIN NU) terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Batanghari Lampung Timur

East Lampung BPS data shows an increase in the number of poor people by 6,220 people in 2021. So solutions are needed to overcome poverty. One of them is through zakat, infaq and alms amil institutions through the Nahdlatul Ulama Infaq Box movement program (KOIN NU) where activities consist of collecting, managing and distributing infaq funds and alms which are shown to people in need. This research aims to examine the management of KOIN NU funds and its impact on the welfare of the Batanghari community. This research is descriptive qualitative, namely research that utilizes qualitative data and then explains it descriptively. The data sources in this research use primary data sources and secondary data sources using data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The research results show that the KOIN NU program has succeeded in collecting funds through 12,353 infaq boxes which were distributed to the Batanghari community. Even though the use of funds is still consumptive in nature, this program has had a positive impact on community welfare, especially in meeting daily needs. However, the long-term program has not been implemented because there are several obstacles such as suboptimal use of funds and a lack of human resources.

Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of Women (Gujjars) in District Budgam

Abstract The education of Scheduled Tribes has become a vital component for the planned development of human resources in India. However, it has been observed that the literacy rates and education levels among Scheduled Tribes residing in Jammu and Kashmir are considerably lower than the national average. For instance, the Gujjars, who lead a nomadic lifestyle in District Budgam, migrate with their livestock to higher altitudes during seasonal journeys. This study utilizes both primary and secondary sources of data to understand the educational challenges faced by these communities. Unfortunately, census data from 2011 reveals that only 25.5% of Scheduled Tribe women in Jammu & Kashmir were literate compared to 34.8% nationally. This disparity can be attributed to several factors such as unawareness, conservative societal norms, traditional lifestyles, poverty, and lack of basic infrastructural facilities that pose significant obstacles to achieving educational attainment. Moreover, the conservative nature of society and stereotypes still prevalent in these sections further exacerbate the issue. To address this problem effectively, it is imperative that government bodies alongside not-for-profit organizations make concerted efforts to expedite progress towards improving education amongst Scheduled Tribes residing in Jammu and Kashmir. This paper aims to examine some fundamental issues faced by women belonging to the Gujjar community on a daily basis in District Budgam within the Union territory of Jammu & Kashmir; how can these deprived sections be brought up-to-speed with progress? In conclusion, it is high time that measures are taken to bridge this gap and ensure equal opportunities for all individuals irrespective of their social background or cultural practices. The government must work towards providing better access to quality education along with adequate infrastructure facilities for students belonging to Scheduled Tribes residing in Jammu and Kashmir so that they can break free from age-old traditions and contribute towards building a better future for themselves and their communities as well as for our country as a whole.