Secondary Characters Research Articles

A reconsideration of inapplicable characters, and an approximation with step-matrix recoding.

Evidence for phylogenetic analysis comes in the form of observed similarities, and trees are selected to minimize the number of similarities that cannot be accounted for by homology (homoplasies). Thus, the classical argument for parsimony directly links homoplasy with explanatory power. When characters are hierarchically related, a first character may represent a primary structure such as tail absence/presence and a secondary (subordinate) character may describe tail colour; this makes tail colour inapplicable when tail is absent. It has been proposed that such character hierarchies should be evaluated on the same logical basis as standard characters, maximizing the number of similarities accounted for by secondary homology, i.e. common ancestry. Previous evaluations of the homology of a given ancestral reconstruction contain the unintuitive quantity "subcharacters" (number of regions of applicability). Rather than counting subcharacters, this paper proposes an equivalent but more intuitive formulation, based on counting the number of changes into each separate state. In this formulation, x-transformations, the homoplasy for the reconstruction is simply the number of changes into the state beyond the first, summed over all states. There is thus no direct connection between homoplasy and number of steps, only between homoplasy and extra steps. The link between the two formulations is that, for any region of applicability of any character, a subcharacter can be interpreted as the change into the state that is plesiomorphic in that region. Although some authors have claimed that the equivalence between maximizing explanatory power and minimizing independent originations of similar features (i.e. the standard justification of parsimony) does not hold for inapplicable characters, evaluating homoplasy with x-transformations clearly connects the two sides of that equation. Furthermore, as the evaluation with x-transformations provides a direct count and a straightforward interpretation of homoplasy, it extends naturally into implied weighting, and sheds light on problems with additive, step-matrix or continuous characters. It also allows deriving transformation costs for recoding hierarchies as step-matrix characters (where recoded states correspond to permissible combinations of states in primary and secondary characters), so that homology of the original observations is properly measured. Those transformation costs set the cost of gaining the primary structure to the maximum difference between "present" states plus cost of loss, and difference between "present" states to the sum of user-defined transformation costs between secondary features. With such recoding, invoking multiple independent derivations of the structure and similar features will cost as many extra "steps" as the instances of similarities (in both original characters) that are not being homologized. The step-matrix recoding also can take into account nested dependences. We present a simple convention for naming characters, which TNT can use to automatically convert the original data into a step-matrix form and set the proper transformation costs. Finally, the basic elements for handling inapplicable characters in the context of maximum-likelihood inference are outlined, and some quantitative comparisons between different approaches to inapplicables are provided.

Theoretical conceptualisations of problematic exercise in psychometric assessment instruments: A systematic review.

Background and aims: The aim of the present systematic review was to identify psychometric tools developed to assess problematic exercise in order to identify and compare their theoretical conceptualisations on which they are based. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Web of Science, Scielo, PsychINFO, PsycTEST and SCOPUS from their inception to January 2020. Results: Seventeen assessment instruments met the eligibility criteria to be included in the present review. The instruments were classified according to their conceptualisation into five groups: (i) problematic exercise as an end of an exercise continuum, (ii) problematic exercise as a means of regulating body size and weight, (iii) problematic exercise as dependence, (iv) problematic exercise as a behavioural addiction and (v) no clear conceptualisation. Discussion: The results suggest that the conceptualisations of the assessment instruments have resulted in a strong dichotomy in relation to the primary or secondary character of the problematic exercise that might be limiting the capacity of the instruments to adequately capture the multidimensionality of this construct. Conclusions: Given the interest in understanding the complexity surrounding the problematic exercise, future research should develop more comprehensive definitions of this construct. This would allow a greater conceptual consensus to be reached that would allow progress to be made in the study of the problematic exercise.

The Representation of Emotion Inferences

ABSTRACT While research has repeatedly found evidence that readers infer characters’ emotions, we investigate three outstanding questions about the content and time course of such inferences. We ask whether even simple narratives give rise to emotion inferences, in what form such inferences are encoded into long-term memory, and whether they are uniquely bound to the character whose actions prompted the inference. To address these issues, we had participants read simple, sentence-long stories that allowed ready emotion inferences. Compared to performance on control stories, participants took longer to reject the implied emotion term in an immediate paradigm (Experiment 1) and were less accurate in a delayed paradigm when primed by the name of the character who experienced the emotion (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, we primed participants in a delayed recognition paradigm with either the name of the character who experienced the emotion or a secondary character who did not. Participants were less accurate in rejecting the implied emotion term when primed by both character names. These results suggest that readers can encode emotion inferences based on simple narratives and that they encode those inferences into long-memory with minimal content. In addition, those emotion inferences may be activated from features of the general narrative situation, rather than only by the character whose actions or experiences prompted the inference.

THE IMAGE OF INDIAN WOMEN AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO LITERATURE

The paper deals with the ancient Indian women and their contribution to literature during the British period. The role of ordinary women and aristocrat ladies were the same in that period. Both were utilized to fulfill their household duties and to act as a consummate hostess to their men at the table. They were portrayed as a secondary character to men in most of the writings. Women were in general unaware of their fundamental rights due to illiteracy. Cruel rites like Sati and Infanticide were imposed on women by the society and more or less they were just treated as a supporting character to uphold the story. It’s only at the end of the Second World War, the Indian women got a new sight and light about the world. It’s quite interesting to learn how the ancient women lived and experienced the world around them. Women and Literature are interconnected to one another and their writings added new prospects to English Literature. Earlier, only the work of men were greatly appreciated and won recognition from the readers. But then, the effort of women writers came in to light which created a remarkable aspect in their style and matters they conveyed. They always focused on the language patterns of Indian Literature. It is to be noted that because of their varied style in writing women writers have become very popular among the Indian readers

Danza, lingua e potere: (s)cortesia ne La dodicesima notte di Shakespeare

Dance in Elizabethan and Jacobean England was a practice closely linked to the notion of power, understood both from a political point of view – especially in relation to courtly dances – and from a gender perspective – as regards popular dances in particular. The purpose of this article is to conduct a linguistic analysis of Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night 1.3, where two secondary characters, Sir Andrew Aguecheek and Sir Toby Belch, compete for the woman they both love – countess Olivia – by displaying absurd terpsichorean skills. With the support of conversation analysis and cognitive linguistics, this article underlines how the concept of power (intended both as man-man and man-woman relationship) is expressed at the linguistic level with a series of lexical and morphosyntactic strategies in the discourse about Renaissance dances.

Особенности полового развития детей и подростков этнических хантов и пришлого населения Среднего Приобья

Study Objective: To work out the sexual development standards for ethnic Khanty 7 to 17 years old and their comparative analysis with similar parameters of alien population in the Middle Ob Region of the same age. Study Design: cross-sectional cohort comparative study. Materials and Methods. The study included 2,554 children born in Yugra – Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district and alien adolescents, and 2,431 ethnic Khanty children aged 7 to 17 years with health group I–II. Sexual development formulas were developed on the basis of publications by J.M. Tanner (1969–1970) and M. V. Maksimova (1977). Sexual development formulas were evaluated; the results were analysed in two groups of children and adolescents — ethnic Khanty and alien population in the Middle Ob Region. We compared the mean age (M ± SD) when each of the secondary sex characters appeared and formed. Study Results. We found out that the Khanty develop secondary sex characters later than the alien population, both in girls and boys. Secondary sex characters are formed at the same age in both groups due to faster rate in the Khanty, save for axillary pilosis: in Khanty adolescents, this character is formed later. A distinctive feature of sexual development of Khanty boys is absence of stage P5 of pubic pilosis according to J. M. Tanner and of facial hair. Conclusion. The patterns we found necessitate the use of a differentiated approach to evaluation of sexual development of the Khanty and alien population of Yugra – Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district. Use of the standards developed for other population groups may cause overdiagnosis of sexual development retardation in children and adolescents in this ethnic group. Keywords: sexual development, children, ethic characteristics, the Khanty.

THE PROBLEMS OF THE TRAINING SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC AND TEACHING STAFF IN POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

The article considers the main problems of the efficiency of the system of the preparation of scientific and scientific-teaching staff in contemporary conditions of the reformation of system of higher and postgraduate education in the Russian Federation. The integration into the Bologna process has the number of advantages, but became the reason of the series of objective difficulties, unavoidable under the conditions of the projecting of the European approach to higher education system on the existing post-soviet system. One of a such of difficulties is the reconsideration of the approach to the levels of higher and post-graduate education, which has significantly and disputable influenced to the efficiency of the current system of preparation of high-qualified staff. The establishment of the postgraduate school as another stage of higher education and the definition of the getting of a diploma of “researchist. teacher-researchist” as the main purpose of educational process instead the previous main purpose of the preparation and defense of a candidate’s dissertation means the significant change of postgraduate school’s priorities. It seems, that the educational component of this system has the secondary character, by primarily promoting the establishment of a postgraduate student in the role of a researchist, also including the preparation to the teaching process in a university. With that, the preparation of researchist as the high-qualified staff is highly demand not also within the framework of scientific and teaching community, but also in the system of the governing of the field of science and higher education, expert, legislative and other types of activity. And the most markable feature in the labor market is the presence of scientific degree in the relevant field of knowledge, but not the post-graduate school diploma, if the defense did not become the logical finish of study. The indicated problem requires the gradual, multi-stage reformation of the current legislation, which has to be focused to the correct prioritizing in the existing system of preparation of high-qualified staff, their careful selection and further stimulating.

The Problem with the Other Side by Kwame Ivery

Reviewed by: The Problem with the Other Side by Kwame Ivery Deborah Stevenson Ivery, Kwame The Problem with the Other Side. Soho Teen, 2021 [336p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781641292054 $18.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781641292061 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys Ad Gr. 7-10 It’s sophomore year, and Uly and Sallie, who’ve been in a play together, have fallen for each other, bonding over their passion for The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. The sunny days of early romance are clouded, however, by the race for school president: Sallie’s sister Leona, who’s white, campaigns with dog-whistle racism, and Uly’s sister Regina, who’s Black, pushes back hard. Then both candidates draft their sibs to be campaign manager, and it becomes impossible for the couple to separate love life from political life: information gets leaked, loyalties get questioned, and Leona’s associates move from dog whistles to outright white supremacism. There’s plenty of reality in this story of interracial romance, and the book effectively alternates between Sallie’s and Uly’s narrations, allowing readers insight into the struggles on both sides; Sallie’s initial denial and eventual sad realization of her sister’s racism are [End Page 61] especially well portrayed. Leona’s character is less effective, though, in that there’s little positive about her from the get-go, and secondary characters aren’t clearly drawn; more problematic is the dramatic twist in the ending that lacks connection with the main story. It’s still a thought-provoking exploration of the way racism cloaks itself while still empowering its adherents and how quickly it can poison a group if allowed to flourish, so readers will have much to discuss. Copyright © 2021 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

The Indian World of a German Writer: «The Rebellion of the Hanged» by B. Traven

The article is devoted to the study of the work of the German writer B. Traven in the context of the problems of Indianism. The purpose of the article is to explore the poetic foundations of the novel «The Rebellion of the Hanged» («Die Rebellion der Gehenkten, 1936), to analyze the artistic world based on the pre-revolutionary struggle of the autochthonous Indian culture and industrial culture of the heirs of European colonialists. The article clarifies the biographical context of the writer's immersion in the reality of an exotic country. The article considers Ukrainian publications of the 1960s about the mysterious figure of the writer, developing a hypothesis about the connection between B. Traven and the Bavarian revolutionary activist Reat Marut. It is noted that the revolutionary orientation is determinative for the Indianist poetics of the novel «The Rebellion of the Hanged». A distinction between the terms «indianismо» and «indigenismo» in the study of the writer's creative heritage is proposed. The problems of the journalistic book by B. Traven «Land of Spring» («Land des Frühlings», 1928), the materials of which served to create the Indian imagery of the Kaoba-cycle, including the analyzed novel, are investigated. The poetic principles of «The Rebellion of the Hanged» are described: the plot-compositional structure, chronotope, the characteristics of the main and secondary characters are given, the imaginative and lexical-stylistic features of the novel are analyzed. The symbolism of the novel's title is analyzed: from tortured «animals» the Indians turn into a revolutionary mass, relentless and cruel in their revenge. It is determined that the uniqueness of B. Traven's indigenіst novel is due to its direction to the German recipient. Indigenous images of the novel acquire universal significance, and the Indian appears as an «another», whose fate allows us to understand the essence of European culture. B. Traven appears as an artist who embodies the problem of «other» in its intercultural dimension.

Mechanisms of Wonder: The Performance of Marvels inDon QuixotePart II

As many Cervantistas have explained, Don Quixote’s imagined reality in Part II of Don Quixote is markedly different from the one presented in Part I of the novel. His adventures are no longer solely the result of his own imagination, but rather carefully crafted and manipulated by secondary characters in the work, perhaps most notably by the duke and duchess. One thing that has not been so well explained in prior criticism, however, is that intimately tied to this manipulation is the production of marvels and spectacular performances. These marvels are objects that arouse the emotion of wonder in their audiences. Each of the three episodes under study involves inanimate objects that seem to possess animacy. Through the presentation of these marvels, Cervantes shows that the intentional manipulation of the senses is an important aspect of producing wonder, for it helps to keep hidden the cause behind the seemingly marvellous object.

Dustborn by Erin Bowman

Reviewed by: Dustborn by Erin Bowman Kate Quealy-Gainer, Assistant Editor Bowman, Erin Dustborn. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021 [432p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780358244431 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9780358469469 $9.99 Reviewed from digital galleys Ad Gr. 7–10 Delta and her companions are barely surviving the brutal heat and dust storms of the wastes and then raiders attack, kidnapping her friends and family. Then she herself is captured and brought to the General, who is certain that the map branded onto Delta’s back holds the key to finding the idyllic and flourishing Verdant. The problem, however, is that no one can actually read the map, and Delta flees, thinking the only way to get the General to release her compatriots is to find someone who can make sense of her scars. Her journey takes her to Powder Town, a stronghold against the General; to a lone woman in the middle of a desert inventing (and failing at) a wind wagon; and eventually to Eden, a caved-in bunker where she learns that her world is nothing that she thought it was. The post-apocalyptic setting is richly drawn, with harrowing escapes from dust storms across parched land and a general sense of blistering doom, but the story itself is heavy with info-dumps, particularly in the form of unprompted explanations of plot and/or setting from secondary characters that roll in and out of importance. Delta is a snarky firecracker of a girl, but she lacks the foresight to make any real plan, so the plot starts and sputters with her being pushed around more by circumstance than her own motivation. Thematically, the book works on a more effective scale, particularly when Delta discovers that her world’s history is built on a series of miscommunications and lies, and her authentic struggle with faith and spirituality outweighs some of the book’s other flaws. Readers will be left to ponder the sometimes warring forces of hope and truth—right after they find a cool drink of water. Copyright © 2021 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

The categorified Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem

In this paper we prove a categorification of the Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem. Our result implies in particular a Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem for Toën and Vezzosi's secondary Chern character. As a main application, we establish a comparison between the Toën–Vezzosi Chern character and the classical Chern character, and show that the categorified Chern character recovers the classical de Rham realization.

Тема інклюзії у повісті Алана Маршалла "Я вмію стрибати через калюжі"

The article highlights the peculiarities of revealing the theme of inclusion in the story of the Australian writer. It is emphasized that inclusive literature is becoming a popular trend in the art of speech, aimed at revealing the image of a person with disabilities and acquainting the readership with the peculiarities of socialization and adaptation and the problems of self-realization. And from the middle of the twentieth century there was a tendency to choose the main character, and not a secondary or episodic character, as one that have special needs. It is emphasized that such works often focus on the personality of the protagonist, rather than his disability. It was found that A. Marshall's book is autobiographical and reveals the formation of a disabled child, the process of realizing his otherness and denying any restrictions due to illness. It is determined that the author avoids sentimentality and tragic pathos, does not put the character in the «limit situation», but rather emphasizes that everything is complicated for his main hero by adults who do not understand his inner state and do not seek to break their own stereotypes about people with special needs and their existence. Thus, the writer draws a contrast between the adult and children's perception of the disability. It is emphasized that for this reason all stages of formation of the protagonist of the story «I can jump puddles», starting from the moment of returning from hospital after operation, occur in contrary, and not thanks to support of adults. It is determined that the study of inclusive literature is a promising area of literary researcher, as it provides a comprehensive view of the problems faced by people with special needs, their relatives and friends.

A critical appraisal of Lakshanadhyaya of Kashyapa Samhita with special reference to pediatric examination

Kashyapa Samhita is the only Ayurveda classical text, which deals exclusively with pediatric anatomy, physiology, pathology, and its management. Out of which, chapter number 28 - Lakshanadhyaya has a detailed description of anatomical and physiological features of the child and correlated it with clinical, professional, social, and spiritual fortunes. But, Lakshanadhyaya is incomplete at the end. Objective: To reveal the clinical importance of features mentioned in Lakshanadhyaya and to provide probable justification for particular future predictions given in Lakshanadhyaya. Data Source: Lakshanadhyaya of Kashyapa Samhita published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi. Materials and Methods: Relevant materials were searched from sources such as published books, journals, and the Internet. A critical review was done over the same. Result: Acharya Kashyapa has predicted the quality and quantity of life by assessment of anatomical and physiological features of the child from birth till adolescence. All clinical points such as signs of gestational maturity (by examining the skin, hair, movement, and genitals), anthropometry (size of body parts), secondary sex characters (such as pubic hair, breast, and genitals), and systemic examinations (such as per vaginal, per rectal, musculoskeletal, and per abdomen examinations) are covered in Lakshanadhyaya. Conclusion: This article highlights that time to time examination of a child helps to predict their future life. The abdomen, vagina, nail, scrotum, penis, hair, joints, back, gait, etc., are important areas of examination for early detection of impending clinical manifestation.

The Tendency for Adolescent Girls to Feel Comfortable in Communicating About Puberty and Reproductive Health with their Families: A Systematic Review

ackground: There are knowledge problems related to puberty and health problems among adolescent girls so that they cannot be confident in effectively handling changes in their bodies during puberty as well as long-term reproductive health. Purpose: This study aims to systematically review the tendency for adolescent girls to feel comfortable in communicating about puberty and reproductive health with their families. Method: Systematic review is conducted in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases on English studies from 2016-2021 published date. Results: Adolescent girls feel free to discuss issues related to puberty such as the development of secondary sex characters, menarche, and menstruation with the mother due to feelings and gender-specific compatibility This is due to stigma and perceived taboos in sociocultural factors. Fluency in communication is also caused by various factors such as knowledge between family and children, the number of families and attitudes and ways of communication of parents. Conclusion: Parental involvement is important in giving knowledge about reproductive health for adolescent girls but must ensure that the family have good knowledge and good ways of communication as well as approaches to overcome barriers in the gender perspective.

Rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a common cause of disability among young and middle-aged people. Despite the modern possibilities of diagnostics and therapy, over time, the disease acquires a secondary progressive character. Rehabilitation of patients at all stages of the disease plays an important role in improving well-being, improving the quality of life, adapting the patient and restoring motor skills. However, there is currently no clear recommendation for the application of specific techniques in each case. The aim of this work was to analyze the available methods of rehabilitation therapy, to highlight the most used and promising ones. Due to the progressive course of the disease, the benefits of rehabilitation measures are usually higher at the initial stages. Nevertheless, nowadays there is a large number of works devoted to rehabilitation measures in patients with moderate and high levels of disability. It has been shown that both inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation has a positive effect on the quality of life and improvement of clinical indicators. Our review describes the main techniques with recommendations for the scheme of application. A comprehensive assessment of the patient's health status, a multidisciplinary team and a personalized approach increase the quality and effectiveness of rehabilitation measures. We also describe our own experience in the treatment of spasticity in patients with a secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Grand Café Martinique par Raphaël Confiant

Reviewed by: Grand Café Martinique par Raphaël Confiant Jeremy Patterson Confiant, Raphaël. Grand Café Martinique. Mercure de France, 2020. ISBN 978-2-71524-968-4. Pp. 309. Gabriel-Mathieu d'Erchigny de Clieu is famed for having introduced coffee, or specifically coffee plants, in Martinique. In the 1700s, coffee was one of many plants and products that were making incursions into the European lifestyle and providing [End Page 230] an economic impetus for imperialism and slavery, as Confiant recounts in his latest novel: "Pomme de terre, maïs, cacao, tabac, canne à sucre: les plantes du Nouveau Monde supplantaient peu à peu celles de l'Ancien" (15). In his ongoing project of portraying as much of Martinican society and history as possible in his novels, Confiant has largely focused on events and challenges from the past, building fictional characters around them. On occasion, however, he also takes a historical figure and teases out the story from history around that person. He did so with Stéphanie Saint-Clair, the New York mobster, as his protagonist in Madame St-Clair, reine de Harlem (2015), or with the secondary character of Maximilian I as emperor of Mexico in L'épopée mexicaine de Romulus Bonnaventure (2018). Confiant once again turns to history for his main character in Grand Café Martinique to recount a story that does not at first glance appear to be as tied up with the history of colonialism, imperialism, oppression, and war, compared to many of his other historical novels. The subject of this latest novel, however, provides just as much material for the romancier de l'épopée créole to take readers back in time to harrowing sea crossings, cross-cultural romances, and the political and social domination of the island of Martinique. Confiant also employs several techniques that his readers will recognize. He uses a structure of cercles as he has done in works such as Les Saint-Aubert: les trente-douze mille douleurs 1920–1940 (2014). The five circles gradually get geographically smaller as they trace the life and work of de Clieu until he makes it to Martinique with his coffee plants—no small feat in the eighteenth century, crossing the Atlantic while trying to keep plants alive aboard a vessel. The story begins with de Clieu trying to figure out how he is going to make his name and fortune, moving beyond his hometown of Dieppe, where "de vieux hobereaux qui, tels que mon père, ne s'étaient jamais éloignés de leurs fiefs que de quelques centaines de lieues" (15). But the action was elsewhere, and de Clieu starts out hoping to back his fortune in tobacco. From this first chapter in the first cercle, "J'ai fait un rêve d'Amérique" (1702), de Clieu overcomes missteps, hurricanes, and pirates until finally, in the second-to-last chapter ("Terre! Terre! Terre!") he finally achieves his dream: "Il m'aura été donné d'être le premier homme à avoir transplanté le café aux Amériques. Oui, le tout premier! Et cela demeurera gravé à jamais dans les livres d'histoire" (278). Confiant's genius is here once again on display in turning up and then recounting in novelistic detail so many facets from so many different perspectives of the history and society of the island of Martinique. Jeremy Patterson Bob Jones University (SC) Copyright © 2021 American Association of Teachers of French

The Nature of Witches by Rachel Griffin

Reviewed by: The Nature of Witches by Rachel Griffin April Spisak Griffin, Rachel The Nature of Witches. Sourcebooks Fire, 2021 [384p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781728229423 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781728229430 $17.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr. 8-10 Clara is at odds with her own power: she knows that she is extraordinarily gifted as a witch, but those incredible abilities are almost impossible to control. It’s understandable that Clara does not want to explore her role as an Everwitch (a witch who can draw magic from all four seasons), given the fact that she has inadvertently killed nearly every person she has ever loved. It’s also understandable that she resists falling for kind, loyal, intelligent Sang, who has been paired with her to help her learn to use her magic successfully. Love grows where it will, however, and Clara’s dive into it actually provides insight into the ways that being an Everwitch can save the planet from devastating climate change. Clara isn’t the strongest character, but her self-doubts, guilt, and despondency about ever living a life like her peers are understandable. The book really excels, though, at its clever setting, sharp and carefully honed secondary characters, and cool weaving of magic elements into our known world, and readers will happily dive into Clara’s magical realm. Copyright © 2021 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Simone Breaks All the Rules by Debbie Rigaud

Reviewed by: Simone Breaks All the Rules by Debbie Rigaud Deborah Stevenson, Editor Rigaud, Debbie Simone Breaks All the Rules. Scholastic, 2021 [320 p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781338681727 $18.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781338681734 $11.99 Reviewed from digital galleys Ad Gr. 9-12 Simone's a Jersey girl, but her Haitian-American parents are "old-school strict," and she's haunted by the memory of her older sister's parent-selected date for senior prom. Now that Simone herself is a senior she's determined to break free of her parents' restrictions, and she joins with two similarly limited classmates to create a bucket-list style document, "a playlist to stunt on our parents' forbidden [End Page 434] list," featuring items such as "cut class," "go on a date," and "hang out in NYC." Meanwhile, Simone is wheeling and dealing to get herself to the prom with Gavin, a cute guy from the nearby boys' school, by setting one of her friends up with Ben, the parent-chosen nice Haitian-American boy. Simone's narration is witty (her mother "stars in a one-woman show called Afflictions I Suffer Because of Simone") but overburdened with detail, slowing the book's pace, and many of the secondary characters (including saintly Ben) are flat. However, the book is shrewd yet affec- tionate about life with conservative parents and about the way Simone shares their impulse for stage-managing people's lives, and while it's predictable that Simone realizes Ben's the guy for her, affable Gavin (who really likes Simone's cousin) isn't demonized in the process. Readers with immigrant parents may particularly relate to the second-generation cultural divide, but others may simply appreciate the girls' glee at their forbidden adventures. Copyright © 2021 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

ТИПОЛОГИЯ ОБРАЗОВ ЖЕНЩИН ТЫЛА В ФИЛЬМЕ «ДЫЛДА» КАНТЕМИРА БАЛАГОВА

In May 2019, the premiere of the film “Beanpole” by Russian director Kantemir Balagov, took place at the Cannes Film Festival and it became a notable event both on the French Riviera and in Russia. The drama tells the story of two young female front-line soldiers who defend their right to a decent peaceful life in post-blockade Leningrad. This movie also reveals the fate of the women in the rear who found themselves in a conflict with the returning female front-line soldiers. With the use of the descriptive-functional and comparative research methods, the authors of the article make the first attempt of scientific classification of the “women in the rear” images in “Beanpole” film from anthropological and psychological perspectives – a peasant woman Tatyana Belova and a highly-placed party worker Lyubov Petrovna. An analysis of secondary characters images helps to determine the severity of the consequences of the war, the parallel with the main heroines and adoption of the “military rules” in the post-war months, according to which, Soviet women were in the fiercest competition for men and family happiness.