Secondary Analysis Of Interviews Research Articles

The Role of Animal Companions in the Bereavement Experiences of Australian Lesbians and Gay Men.

All too often, humans who experience the death of a partner are directed towards other humans for support, ignoring the important role that animal companions play in the lives of many humans. For lesbians and gay men specifically - whose grief may be disenfranchised - animal companions may play a particularly important role. This paper reports on a secondary analysis of interviews with 10 Australian lesbians or gay men who had lost a partner due to non-HIV related issues. Six of the participants spoke impromptu about the importance of animal companions following the death of a partner. Thematic analysis resulted in the development of three themes: (1) animals provide comfort and company, (2) animals serve as a reminder of partners, and (3) animals give people a reason to go on. The paper concludes by considering the importance of speaking about animals in the context of research and practice related to human bereavement.

Pre-diagnosis Symptoms, Attributed Causes, and Healthcare Seeking Assets of Younger Colorectal Cancer Survivors.

Younger onset colorectal cancer (CRC) rates continue to rise. Survivors younger than the requisite age of population-based screening guidelines experience adverse symptoms, longer appraisal delays, and more advanced-stage diagnoses. This secondary analysis of interviews with n=252 recently diagnosed CRC survivors was completed to compare younger and older survivors' symptoms, attributed causes, and healthcare seeking assets. The original transcripts and quantitative data were divided into two survivor classifications, younger (age <50 years) (N=64) and older (N=188). Bivariate analyses assessed differences between younger and older survivors for symptoms, attributed causes, and seeking healthcare assets. Multiple logistic regression models adjusting for race, sex, income, education, and stage of diagnosis were conducted for significant bivariate findings. An α level .05 was used to detect significance. Bleeding (𝛘2=3.8, p =0.05) and loss of appetite/weight differed between survivors (𝛘2=5.3, p=0.02) but not after controlling for sex and race respectively. Younger survivors were more likely to report being too young/healthy to have cancer (𝛘2=7.8, p<0.01) and social support encouragement to seek healthcare (𝛘2=6.4, p=0.01). Having a regular healthcare provider was more common among older survivors (𝛘2=6.4, p=0.01). Logistic regression models also detected age as a significant predictor for all healthcare seeking assets. Clinical and public health practice can benefit from understanding that CRC symptoms may present similarly but assets that facilitate seeking healthcare appraisal differ based upon age. Expanding knowledge of CRC risk factors and symptoms across healthcare professionals and the general public could promote earlier appraisal regardless of age and improve outcomes for younger survivors.

Filling in the middle: the ‘workless’ frame in action in UK welfare reform

The gender-blind ‘workless’ frame has been increasingly prominent in UK welfare discourse in recent decades and has played a significant role in the political justification of Universal Credit – a key plank of UK welfare reform since 2013. Meanwhile, Universal Credit has been highlighted as problematic for gender equality. This article seeks to ‘fill in the middle’ between the use of the ‘workless’ frame in recent welfare discourse, including at the agenda-setting stage of Universal Credit, and the gendered implications of Universal Credit. It does this by analysing how the frame functions in government evaluation frameworks and impact assessments (including equality impact assessments), and in the implementation of Universal Credit (drawing on secondary analysis of interviews with claimants and focus groups with welfare practitioners). The analysis suggests that the ‘workless’ frame is promoting gender rowback by de-gendering welfare, devaluing care – particularly that performed by lone parents – and undermining the sharing of care in couple households.

CONTEXT AND TRUST: DIRECT CARE WORKER RELATIONSHIPS, CARE PRACTICES, FACILITATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIONS

Abstract This paper examines the relationships between Direct Care Workers (DCW) and other nursing home (NH) staff. Specifically, we examine how trust, and the context in which trust exists, influences care practices and implementation of innovations in NHs. This secondary analysis of interviews and field observations from three separate NHs in different Canadian provinces shows differing levels of trust that between HCAs and other staff. We also analyze the organizational context can mediate trust in these relationships. Specifically, we analyzed trust DCWs have at the interpersonal, institutional, organizational levels and what ways they act as facilitators of programs aimed at improving care practices health outcomes of residents in NHs. Using the Alberta Context Tool’s dimensions of organizational context as a framework, this research shows how trust in the relationships between DCWs and other LTC staff influences caregiving practices and the uptake of new innovations.

Complexity of outpatient intensive care for ventilated people: Cross-mapping into the standardised NNN-taxonomy

Complexity of outpatient intensive care for ventilated people: Cross-mapping into the standardised NNN-taxonomy Abstract. Background: In Germany, free text is the preferred method for recording the nursing process in outpatient intensive care, although classification systems could enable a more precise description. Research question: How is nursing care for people with outpatient ventilation represented by the NNN-taxonomy and what are the recommendations for nursing practice? Methods: A qualitative "multiple case" design was applied. Using deductive content analysis (data sources: nursing documentation and secondary analysis of interviews with affected persons), several cases, both individually and across all cases were linked to the NNN-taxonomy (cross-mapping). Results: In total, the nursing documentation of 16 invasively ventilated persons with a mean age of 58.4 years (SD = 16.3) was analysed. Seven persons additionally contributed interview data. Documentation was mainly based on the "Strukturmodell" (14/16) with a moderate to high accuracy (D-Catch Score: 16.6; SD = 4.1). Cross-mapping resulted in 4016 codes: 618 nursing diagnoses, 1956 interventions and 1442 outcomes. Documentation was strongly measure-oriented, not very person-centred and with a lack of differentiation between diagnosis and intervention. Conclusions: To improve nursing practice, a person-centred attitude and the ability to differentiate between nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes should be promoted.

Caregiver Decision-Making Process Analysis: A Grounded Theory Approach

Abstract Date Presented 04/01/2022 Understanding the process of stroke caregiver decision making can best support the caregiver role to reduce burden. Results from a secondary analysis of interviews with stroke caregivers about decisions made were obtained through a grounded theory approach to uncover underlying mechanisms associated with the decision-making process. Seven categories were identified that can influence how information and training are passed on to caregivers to optimize outcomes. Primary Author and Speaker: Sonia Lawson

Understanding the implementation strategy of a secondary care tobacco addiction treatment pathway (the CURE project) in England: a strategic behavioural analysis

ObjectivesThe Conversation, Understand, Replace, Experts and evidence-based treatment (CURE) project implemented an evidence-based intervention that offers a combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioural support to tobacco-dependent inpatients. Understanding key characteristics of...

ГАБИТУС СПОРТСМЕНА: СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ ЧЕРЕЗ ПРИЗМУ ТЕОРИИ П. БУРДЬЕ

The article provides a sociological interpretation of the concept of the «athlete’s habitus» performed through the prism of P. Bourdieu’s theory based on sociological research data. To describe the athletes’ habitus, data of the following sociological studies were used: interviews with athletes studying at the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports of Lobachevsky University (n = 74 persons representing individual and team sports in a 50/50 ratio); secondary analysis of interviews with mothers of high-performance athletes (n = 3 persons); participant observation carried out during the training and sports process with representatives of the following sports: volleyball, basketball, hockey, athletics, martial arts. The grounded theory approach, proposed by A. Strausset and D. Corbin, was used to analyze the data obtained during the interviews with student athletes, part of which were applied the method of «life histories» (analysis of the life of athletes from their mothers’ words) and conversational analysis (analysis of the interviewer-athlete dialogues). During the data analysis (coding procedure) the following concepts were identified and described: trajectories and stages of the sports habitus formation, social practices of the athlete’s habitus; a strong connection was noted between these concepts. Reliability of the obtained results is within the acceptable level as the subjective views of the informants are expressed in the indicators typical of their activity, acquired in the process of integration into the sports field over 10 years or more. This resulted in a high sports status (candidate master of sports, master of sports), which was the rationale for their selection for the interview. The paper reveals the peculiarities of the formation of the athletes’ habitus, its trajectory, and formation stages. Depending on the stage of the habitus formation in the sports field, the agent is endowed with transitional sports habitus, which, accumulating, allow the individual to acquire the habitus of the established athlete. The athlete’s habitus synthesizes the diversity of social experiences of agents of various social fields, thereby endowing itself with the identity of the realization of practices characteristic only of the social space of sport. In general, we can define the athlete’s habitus as a system of acquired predispositions that are imposed by the structure of the social field of sport.

Country perspectives on improving technical assistance in the health sector

Background: This paper presents learnings from the Re-Imagining Technical Assistance for Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health and Health Systems Strengthening (RTA) project implemented in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Nigeria from April 2018 to September 2020 by JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. and Sonder Collective and managed by the Child Health Task Force. The first of RTA’s two phases involved multiple design research activities, such as human-centered design and co-creation, while the second phase focused on secondary analysis of interviews and reports from the design research. This paper explores the limitations of current technical assistance (TA) approaches and maps opportunities to improve how TA is planned and delivered in the health sector. Methods: We analyzed project reports and 68 interviews with TA funders, providers, and consumers to explore in greater detail their perspectives on TA, its characteristics and drawbacks as well as opportunities for improvement. We used qualitative content analysis techniques for this study. Results: The issues surrounding TA included the focus on donor-driven agendas over country priorities, poor accountability between and within TA actors, inadequate skill transfer from TA providers to government TA consumers, an emphasis on quick fixes and short-term thinking, and inadequate governance mechanisms to oversee and manage TA. Consequently, health systems do not achieve the highest levels of resilience and autonomy. Conclusions: Participants in project workshops and interviews called for a transformation in TA centered on a redistribution of power enabling governments to establish their health agendas in keeping with the issues that are of greatest importance to them, followed by collaboration with donors to develop TA interventions. Recommended improvements to the TA landscape in this paper include nine critical shifts, four domains of change, and 20 new guiding principles.

Country perspectives on improving technical assistance in the health sector.

Background: This paper presents learnings from the Re-Imagining Technical Assistance for Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health and Health Systems Strengthening (RTA) project implemented in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Nigeria from April 2018 to September 2020 by JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. and Sonder Collective and managed by the Child Health Task Force. The first of RTA's two phases involved multiple design research activities, such as human-centered design and co-creation, while the second phase focused on secondary analysis of interviews and reports from the design research. This paper explores the limitations of current technical assistance (TA) approaches and maps opportunities to improve how TA is planned and delivered in the health sector. Methods: We analyzed project reports and 68 interviews with TA funders, providers, and consumers to explore in greater detail their perspectives on TA, its characteristics and drawbacks as well as opportunities for improvement. We used qualitative content analysis techniques for this study. Results: The issues surrounding TA included the focus on donor-driven agendas over country priorities, poor accountability between and within TA actors, inadequate skill transfer from TA providers to government TA consumers, an emphasis on quick fixes and short-term thinking, and inadequate governance mechanisms to oversee and manage TA. Consequently, health systems do not achieve the highest levels of resilience and autonomy. Conclusions: Participants in project workshops and interviews called for a transformation in TA centered on a redistribution of power enabling governments to establish their health agendas in keeping with the issues that are of greatest importance to them, followed by collaboration with donors to develop TA interventions. Recommended improvements to the TA landscape in this paper include nine critical shifts, four domains of change, and 20 new guiding principles.

Digital transformation of energy in the Russian Federation: project approach, realities and prospects

The digital transformation of energy infrastructure is a priority task for the development of energy in the Russian Federation, implemented in a project-based approach - in the initiation of the departmental project “Digital Energy” by the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation. The project can get an additional impetus for development in the current conditions of the “crisis of 2020”, which are positioned as a trigger for digital transformations in the sectors of the economy. To what extent are the activities of the Digital Energy project aimed at digital transformation of the energy industry and do consumers see changes when they receive services? Should we expect an intensification of the digital transformation of the energy sector in the context of the 2020 crisis? The questions are acute and relevant, which determine the purpose of the study - to assess the digital transformation of the energy sector in the Russian Federation implemented in the project approach in the context of the “crisis of 2020”, revealing the expert opinion of the stakeholders. Research methods: end-to-end analysis of project activities in a comparative assessment with foreign factography; secondary analysis of interviews with top managers of energy enterprises on the issue of digitalization and digital transformation of energy; survey of individuals-consumers of electricity (N = 60). The conducted research provides a basis for the conclusion about the implementation of the digitalization process in the energy sector and does not allow identifying the conditions of the “crisis of 2020” as a trigger for the transition of digitalization to the digital transformation of the energy industry. Identified consumers-detractors, whose positions are working to identify “points of growth” of digital transformation of the electric power industry in the future.

Why are drug-related deaths among women increasing in Scotland? A mixed-methods analysis of possible explanations

Drug-related deaths have increased significantly in Scotland in recent years, with a much greater percentage increase in deaths among women than among men. We undertook a mixed-methods project to identify explanations for this trend, comprising three parallel methodological strands: (i) an analysis of available routine data, including drug treatment data, death registrations, and surveys of people using needle exchanges; (ii) thematic analysis of interviews and focus groups with professional stakeholders and (iii) secondary analysis of interviews with women who use drugs. Results indicated that the observed trend is likely to reflect multiple, interacting causes. Potential contributors identified were: ageing; changing patterns of substance use; increasing prevalence of physical and mental health co-morbidities; changing relationships and parenting roles; changes to treatment services and wider health and social care provision; unintended consequences or poor implementation of recovery-oriented practice; and changes in the social security system. Policy responses to rising drug-related death rates require a gender-informed approach, recognising the commonalities and differences between men and women who use drugs; the diversity of experiences within each gender; and the intersections between gender and other forms of inequality, such as poverty.

Scaling up newborn care technologies from tertiary- to secondary-level hospitals in Malawi: an implementation case study of health professional perspectives on bubble CPAP

BackgroundWhile Malawi has achieved success in reducing overall under-five mortality, reduction of neonatal mortality remains a persistent challenge. There has, therefore, been a push to strengthen the capacity for quality newborn care at district hospitals through the implementation of innovative neonatal technologies such as bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). This study investigates tertiary- versus secondary-level hospital differences in capacities for bubble CPAP use and implications for implementation policies.MethodsA secondary analysis of interviews was conducted with 46 health workers at one tertiary hospital and three secondary hospitals in rural Southern Malawi. Grounded theory was utilized to explore the emerging themes according to health worker cadres (nurse, clinician, district health management) and facility level (tertiary- and secondary-level facilities), which were managed using NVivo 12 (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia).ResultsWe identified frequent CPAP use and the availability of neonatal nurses, physicians, and reliable electricity as facilitators for CPAP use at the tertiary hospital. Barriers at the tertiary hospital included initiation eligibility disagreements between clinicians and nurses and insufficient availability of the CPAP machines. At secondary-level hospitals, the use was supported by decision-making and initiation by nurses, involving caretakers to assist in monitoring and reliable availability of CPAP machines. Bubble CPAP was hindered by unreliable electricity, staffing shortages and rotation policies, and poor systems of accountability.ConclusionWhile this study looked at the implementation of bubble CPAP in Malawi, the findings may be applicable for scaling up other novel neonatal technologies in low-resource settings. Implementation policies must consider staffing and management structures at different health services levels for effective scale-up.

Relational continuity and patients' perception of GP trust and respect: a qualitative study.

Despite the benefits of relational continuity of care, particularly for patients with multimorbidity, the traditional model of continuity is changing. Revisiting what patients with ongoing problems want from relational continuity could encourage initiatives to achieve these within a modern healthcare system. To examine the attributes of GPs that patients with long-term conditions value most, and which attributes patients believe are facilitated by relational continuity. Qualitative study in UK general practice. A thematic analysis was carried out, based on secondary analysis of interviews with 25 patients with long-term conditions that were originally conducted to inform a patient-reported outcome measure for primary care. Patients with long-term conditions wanted their GPs to be clinically competent, to examine, listen to, care for, and take time with them, irrespective of whether they have seen them before. They believed that relational continuity facilitates a GP knowing their history, giving consistent advice, taking responsibility and action, and trusting and respecting them. Patients acknowledged practical difficulties and safety issues in achieving the first three of these without relational continuity. However, patients felt that GPs should trust and respect them even when continuity was not possible. Policy initiatives promoting continuity with a GP or healthcare team should continue. Many patients see continuity as a safety issue. When patients experience relationship discontinuity, they often feel that they are not taken seriously or believed by their GP. GPs should therefore consistently seek to visibly demonstrate trust in their patients, particularly when they have not seen them before.

Inclusive culture of urban communities: on the example of historical reenactors

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to study and generalize the positive experience of implementing inclusive practices initiated by non–state actors - formal and informal associations of reconstructors. The subject of the research in this article is the inclusive culture of urban communities of historical reenactors, and the main goal is to identify the specifics of inclusive culture based on the analysis of the normative and value system of the reenactor movement and current socio–cultural practices implemented in the public space of the Russian city. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the analysis are the conceptual provisions of the model of inclusive culture of the city, developed by the participants of the interdisciplinary project of the RFBR "Inclusive culture of social time: modern urban context (Lower Volga region)". Empirical research methods are used – included observation, secondary analysis of interviews. The novelty of the presented research is determined by the introduction into scientific circulation of new empirical material, the analysis of which allows us to reveal the inclusive readiness and specifics of the inclusive culture of the reenactors who are part of the All-Russian social movement "Historical Reconstruction Clubs". The author comes to the conclusion that the associations of reenactors belong to an inclusive community that shares key inclusive values – acceptance and support of diversity and participation. An important aspect of the inclusive culture of reenactors is participation in practical activities aimed at creating a barrier-free urban environment, an interactive communicative space in order to represent the world and domestic cultural and historical experience.

What is public trust in the healthcare system? A new conceptual framework developed from qualitative data in England

The conceptual ambiguity of public trust in the healthcare system poses problems for governance and public trust measurement. Therefore, we aimed to answer: what is public trust in the healthcare system? We conducted in the context of the English NHS an analysis of online news with readership comments concerning the care.data initiative; a secondary analysis of interviews about participants’ experiences and perceptions of biobanks; and an analysis of public focus groups about perceptions of the 100,000 Genomes Project. Further, we engaged with existing conceptual work and trust theory. This resulted in a full conceptual framework of public trust in the healthcare system. Public trust is established in anticipation of net benefits. Public trust legitimises the actions of the healthcare system as well as encourages the public to participate in healthcare-related activities. Further, levels of public trust are affected by spill-over effects from high or low levels of public trust in other parts of the government system. Last, many actors inside and outside the healthcare system influence public trust. Future research needs to translate this conceptual framework into policy guidelines and a measurement scale, as well as to validate the conceptual framework for healthcare systems other than the British NHS.

Does Situation Matter in Conceptions of Children’s Nurturance and Self-determination Rights?

Recent work regarding children’s rights has advocated for research in non-Western settings and with participants who are ethnic/racial minorities. We addressed these issues through secondary analysis of interviews with 63 mixed-race South African children (9-, 11-, and 13-year olds) and their mothers. Participants’ responses to hypothetical vignettes depicting children’s nurturance and self-determination rights scenarios were coded using social cognitive domain theory and subsequently analysed with mixed-design anovas. Outcomes figured prominently in children’s and mothers’ reasoning. Moral reasoning was primarily invoked when discussing the right to privacy, extending earlier work and suggesting the importance of privacy across cultural contexts.

Do cognitive heuristics underpin symptom appraisal for symptoms of cancer?: A secondary qualitative analysis across seven cancers.

To explore the evidence for cognitive heuristics or "rules of thumb" used within patients' reports of symptom appraisal and decisions to seek help for symptoms of cancer. A secondary analysis of interviews from existing studies that explored symptom appraisal in patients who had sought help for potential symptoms of cancer. Transcripts from n=50 in-depth interviews with patients referred with symptoms suspicious of cancer (pancreas, colorectal, oral, lung, melanoma, breast, and prostate) were re-analysed using a deductive thematic approach underpinned by the heuristics outlined in the Common Sense Model of Illness Self-regulation as set within the Model of Pathways to Treatment. The most dominant heuristic in patient reports was the Rate of change rule (ie, symptoms that are worsening, increasing, or have a sudden onset [rather than improving, stable or decreasing in number] are more likely to indicate illness). There was also support for the Duration rule, Pattern rule, Chronology rule, Severity (of interference) rule, Age-illness rule, Novelty rule, Similarity rule, Location rule, and Optimistic bias rule. There was a lack of evidence for the Prevalence and Stress-illness rules. People do appear to use heuristics to guide their appraisal of symptoms and their perceived need for healthcare. Heuristics may be an important aspect underlying symptom misinterpretation, thus making them key targets for interventions. For instance, campaigns could tackle cognitive biases rather than focusing on specific symptom awareness. Myth-busting messages could highlight that intermittent, mild symptoms, and symptoms that are not worsening can be signs of a serious health problem.

Wishing to be perceived as a capable and resourceful person-A qualitative study of melanoma patients' experiences of the contact and interaction with healthcare professionals.

To explore patients' experiences of contact and interaction with healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the diagnostic process of melanoma. In Sweden, most patients with suspected skin lesions seek care at the primary level of services in the first instance. Previous research describes the diagnostic process as a complex journey with uncertainty. Nonetheless, the importance of contact and interaction between patient and HCPs during the diagnostic process is rarely explored. This study adopted a qualitative design in which semi-structured interviews were conducted and the COREQ-checklist for qualitative studies employed (EQUATOR guidelines). A sample of 30 patients (15 women, 15 men) diagnosed with melanoma was included. Secondary analysis of interviews was carried out using qualitative content analysis. One theme emerged: Wishing to be perceived as a capable and resourceful person that consisted of three categories: (a) The need of being valued, (b) The need of being informed and (c) The need of taking actions. Our results suggest that patients wish to be valued as capable and resourceful persons as well as to be provided with honest and sufficient information about the diagnosis and subsequent procedures. By fulfilling these wishes, HCPs can involve patients in the diagnostic process and reduce patients' uncertainty. A need of supportive and accessible health care to manage the diagnostic process and to reduce patients' struggle for care was also identified. Patients are satisfied when health care is organised in a patient-/person-centred manner, that is, in accordance with patients' needs, avoiding gatekeeping, and when HCPs interact respectfully in encounters. Accessible HCPs during the diagnostic process of melanoma are required to inform, support and navigate patients within the healthcare system and through their diagnostic journey.

‘We’re effectively becoming immigration officers’: social care managers’ experiences of the risk work of employing migrant care workers

In the UK care sector, as much as other fields of work, managers need to check and monitor the immigration status of their staff. In this article, we examine accounts from care home and home care managers of making decisions about recruitment and employment practices placing these in the context of risk work. We use data from a secondary analysis of interviews with 121 social care managers that took place in four contrasting English local authority areas in two rounds over the period 2009–2014. In the interviews, we explored managers’ views and experiences of employing or deciding not to recruit migrant workers and the extra work this potentially entailed. We identified three major themes in these interviews: vigilance, being caught, and shifting resources. The Vigilance in recruitment and managing staff theme highlighted managers’ experiences of and concerns about implementing the regulations around employment permissions and indicated their feelings that it was essential to comply with new government regulations relating to migrant workers. The Being caught theme was based on managers’ fears about the risks of being in breach of the regulations and worry about the severity of the penalties. The Shifting sources theme highlighted managers’ continued work in reaching out to fresh sources of recruitment as a response to changes in immigration regulations. Our findings expose the potentially stressful nature of managers’ roles in implementing new regulations and managing the risks of non-compliance. This new aspect of risk work reveals the tensions of managers’ role in performing their obligations to scrutinise documentation and abide by changing regulations while still running their services. As the UK moves to Brexit (leaving the European Union), these tensions look set to increase in the context of further migrant working regulations and amendments to immigration permissions.