First Person Singular Research Articles

DEIXIS IN THE LEGEND OF TANGKUBAN PARAHU STORY

Language it was really important in human life. Pragmatics is the ability of person to derive meanings from context of speech situation. This study is an attempt to analyzes a types of deixis are used in “The Legend of Tangkuban Parahu Story”. This study was purposed to find out of person deixis, place deixis, temporal deixis and identify which the most dominant of deixis that used in the story. This study only focused on the story. This story got from the Internet. The researcher choose to analyze the story because in the story there must be a contextual meaning. The researcher used descriptive qualitative method in this research. The steps to analyze data are searching the story, reading the story, and finding the data based on three types of deixis. The results of this research it can be concluded types of deixis that used in this story were person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis. In this research, there was 39 deixis found in the text. The most common type of deixis is person deixis which consist with 19 words. In this study, the researcher find out that person deixis is the most dominant type that found in the text. Keywords: Pragmatics, Deixis, Story

ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN STEPHEN COLBERT’S COMMENCEMENT SPEECH

The aims of this study is to determine the five types of deixis used by Stephen Colbert in his speech at the Wake Forest Graduating Class of 2015. In this study, qualitative descriptive methods was applied and video was choosen as the instrument of data collection. This data were analyzed based on deixis types suggested by Levinson (1983) and Yule (1996). The type of deixis most frequently used by Stephen Colbert in his speech was a person deixis totaling 232 words dominated by the word ‘I am’ . Time deixis 26 words, place deixis nine words, discourse deixis 48 words, and social deixis 34 words. With a total of 349 frequencies found in all five types of deixis in Stephen Colbert's commencement speech. Keywords : Pragmatic, deixis, speech.

Deixis used in the novel entitled the good muslim by tahmima anam

This research investigated Deixis used in the novel entitled The Good Muslim by Tahmima Anam.This study was conducted to find out; (1) types of deixis contained in utterances of the novel entitled the Good Muslim by Tahmima Anam, (2) types of deixis were used most in the Novel entitled The Good Muslim by Tahmima Anam. Therefore, it gived significant to the author herself, the learners, other researchers and english teachers. The writer used levinson’s theory in analyzing the data. The methodology of this research was qualitative descriptive study. The technique used to collect the data was documentation. The data was taken from 1.972 utterances of the novel entitled the Good Muslim by Tahmima Anam. From the data have been analyzed, it was found that there were five types of deixis, they were person deixis occured 1.723 times (87.4%), place deixis occured 53 times (2.7%), time deixis occured 68 times (3.4%), discourse deixis occured 83 times (4.2 %), person deixis occured 45 times (2.3 %). The most commonly used types of deixis was person deixis occuring 1.723 times (87.4%).

Deixis used in the novel entitled the good muslim by tahmima anam

his research investigated Deixis used in the novel entitled The Good Muslim by Tahmima Anam.This study was conducted to find out; (1) types of deixis contained in utterances of the novel entitled the Good Muslim by Tahmima Anam, (2) types of deixis were used most in the Novel entitled The Good Muslim by Tahmima Anam. Therefore, it gived significant to the author herself, the learners, other researchers and english teachers. The writer used levinson’s theory in analyzing the data. The methodology of this research was qualitative descriptive study. The technique used to collect the data was documentation. The data was taken from 1.972 utterances of the novel entitled the Good Muslim by Tahmima Anam. From the data have been analyzed, it was found that there were five types of deixis, they were person deixis occured 1.723 times (87.4%), place deixis occured 53 times (2.7%), time deixis occured 68 times (3.4%), discourse deixis occured 83 times (4.2 %), person deixis occured 45 times (2.3 %). The most commonly used types of deixis was person deixis occuring 1.723 times (87.4%).

Generational differences in the placement of clitic se in New York City Spanish

Aims and objectives: This study analyzes the proclitic and enclitic positions of Spanish clitic se (e.g., ella se quería ir / ella quería irse ‘she wanted to go’) across two generations of Spanish speakers in New York City. In an effort to contribute to ongoing research aimed at better understanding Spanish in the US, the following questions are addressed. In syntactic environments that permit variation, does placement of Spanish se differ between the two generations? From the internal variables identified for this study (nonfinite verb type, finite verb, tense of finite verb, grammatical person, use of se, grammatical mood of finite verb, negation), which ones have a statistically significant effect on placement? From the external variables identified for this study (national origin, region, areal origins, sex, age, years in US, socioeconomic class, education, English skill, Spanish skill, general Spanish use), which ones have a statistically significant effect on placement? Design and data: This study is carried out within a variationist-sociolinguistic framework and the sample consists of 50 participants, 25 from the first generation (G1) and 25 from the second (G2). Analysis: Bivariate chi-square tests are performed in order to determine what internal and external variables constrain placement of the dependent variable (clitic se placement). Findings: Generation has a statistically significant effect on placement ( p = .016), wherein proclisis is more frequent amongst the G2 participants. These results corroborate previous research showing an overall preference for proclisis in both monolingual and bilingual/heritage speakers. Further, chi-square tests pinpoint five conditioning effects for G1 (nonfinite verb type, use of se, finite verb, years in US, and English skill), but only two for G2 (use of se and English skill). Originality and implications: The present study is the first to discover strong correlations between the proclitic position and the numerous internal and external variables quantitatively assessed. Future research is thus warranted.

Pragmatic Analysis of Deixis in SBY’s Speech upon Accepting the World Statesman Award

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is the president of Indonesia. He quite famous in the world. It is proved by award that he got as the world statesman conferred by the appeal of conscience foundation in May 29, 2013. This research analyzes deixis in pragmatic point of view on SBY’s speech upon accepting the world statesman award. The data for this research is in form of speech brows from online websites. This research applies a qualitative research. The result of SBY speech show that, he more often person deixis, it show 55 (74%) times, while others, he only use 10 times (14%) for place deixis and 9 (12%) for time deixis. In personal deixis, SBY most use 1st person plural (63.6%) in his speech, that is the word we and our, both of them refer to Indonesian. Thus, in his speech, he represents his self as Indonesian. It is also shown by using of proximal place (80%) along the speech. For time deixis, he more use present tense (45%) because he talk about the event that happens when speech is delivered.

A DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF A SONG LYRICS ENTITLED “LOVER”

This research is a qualitative research which aims to analyze the kinds of dominant deixis in the song lyrics entitled ‘Lover’. The data collected from the lyrics then classified into types of deixis according to Levinson (1983:62) theory. The classification of the data then analyzed by relating the deixis to the references/meaning from the lyrics. The result of this research found that there are 51 deixis found in the lyrics consist of 39 personal deixis, 7 temporal deixis, and 5 spatial deixis. Most of personal deixis in ‘Lover’ lyric refer to the speaker itself which are encoded by first singular personal deixis like I and My. While for first plural personal deixis which is We, mostly refer to the speaker. Finally, this research is expected to provide an understanding of deixis and the context that is conveyed by the speaker. Keywords: Deixis, Pragmatics, Song Lyrics

DEIXIS ANALYSIS IN THE SHORT STORY TITLED “LITTE BO-PEEP” BY JOSEPH MARTIN KRONHEIM

Deixis is a word or phrase that refers to a place, time, or situation based on the context of a conversation. Deixis is expressed in English using personal pronouns, demonstratives, adverbs, and tenses. There are three types of deixis, they are personal deixis, time deixis, and place deixis. This study aims to analyze and find out the deixis used in the short story titled 'Little Bo-Peep' written by Joseph Martin Kronheim. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method because it analyzes the types of deixis used in the short story. The steps to analyze data are, read the short story, find deixis in the short story, analyze the deixis, and classify the types of deixis used in the short story. The results showed that there were three types of deixis, they are personal deixis, time deixis, and place deixis. The most commonly used deixis in this short story is personal deixis because there is a total number of 126 (85.7%).
 Keywords: Deixis, short story, Little Bo-Peep

DEIXIS ANALYSIS IN THE SHORT STORY ENTITLED “THE NIGHT COME SLOWLY” BY KATE CHOPIN

Language is an important aspect of our life. It is used as a communication tool among humans. Hence, human needs to learn it. Talking about language, certainly, it has a correlation with pragmatics. Pragmatics itself is one of the studies about language. Pragmatic learned about contextual meaning. Surely, it needs to be learned. Pragmatics itself has nine categories. However, the category that most reflects the relationship between language and its context is deixis. According to Levinson, deixis has five types, they are person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. The purpose of this research is to know what kinds of deixis in this short story entitled ”The Night Come Slowly” written by Kate Chopin. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the deixis in this short story. The steps are collecting the data, finding the deixis, and make it in the list, and then identifying and classifying the deixis into five types of deixis and the last is analyzing the deixis. The result shows that in this short story not all deixis is used. The discourse deixis is not used in this story. The most deixis used by the writer is person deixis with the frequency 27 (65,86%).

Subject Clitics in Microcontact: A Case Study from Heritage Friulian in Argentina and Brazil

Abstract In this paper we present data from first generation immigrants (G1) and second and third generation heritage speakers of Friulian, a Rhaeto-Romance language spoken in North-Eastern Italy and also found in Argentina and Brazil. The target phenomenon is subject clitics (SCL s). We show that SCL s in heritage Friulian are in a process of being reanalyzed from being agreement markers to pronouns. While SCL s are obligatory in Friulian as spoken in Italy, they are often dropped in heritage Friulian in Argentina and Brazil; this phenomenon, we argue, needs to be interpreted as the drop of pronominal subjects, and not of agreement-like SCL s. We also demonstrate that the use of SCL s (reanalyzed as pronominal subjects) is conditioned both by grammatical factors (it happens more in some grammatical persons than in others) and by discourse factors (they are used more in the case of a continuation topic than in other topicalization contexts). This means that in heritage Friulian, discourse constraints on the expression of subjects are not being lost or weakened; in fact, against the general grammaticalization trend of pronominal forms, new discourse constraints are introduced.

A Comparative of Deixis Found in the Speech of Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi

In listening to speeches sometimes there is a misunderstanding in interpreting the meaning of the speech in question. Through deixis can help listeners to understand the intended meaning of utterances in speech. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the types of deixis in speeches delivered by Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi. This study used a qualitative method using descriptive analysis as a data analysis technique. Data collection techniques used documentation techniques sourced from speeches by Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi. The research data was collected from 6 speeches sourced from 3 speeches delivered by Mike Pompeo and 3 speeches delivered by Retno Marsudi. The data analysis technique is by identifying and interpreting all types of deixis in speeches, classifying the types of deixis found in ministerial speeches, and making conclusions. The results show that there are five types of deixis found in Mike Pompeo speech, namely: people deixis, time deixis, place deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. Meanwhile, in Retno Marsudi speech, only 4 types of deixis were found, namely; people deixis, time deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. Differences are shown in the use of place deixis. The most dominant deixis used is person deixis in both speeches. Thus, the dominant type of deixis in speech can reflect the relationship between language structure and context that is not separated and must be communicated contextually and pragmatically. When listening to a speech, listeners can identify several types of deixis and make it easier for listeners to know the types of deixis in the speech.

ANALYZING THE USE OF PERSONAL DEIXIS IN FIVE SHORT STORY BY OSCAR WILDE

AbstractA short story is one of the few publications that many enjoy. From children to adults, many choose to read short stories because they are simple and can being saved time, and short stories are entertaining and able to fill leisure time. There is one of the most frequent occurrences in a short story called deixis. Deixis is a word whose reference changes according to the context of the word, which can be based on the situation and the context when it is used (Parker, 1986:38). Person deixis one of the most frequently found kinds of a deixis can be found in a short story used to replace people or objects were used in a work either written or spoken. Oscar Wilde was a writer who also published his work in a short story. The short stories he made were mostly light stories that a child could read. The author has conducted this study to find out the number of the person deixis in Oscar Wilde's five short stories is The Happy Prince, The Devoted Friend, The Nightingale and the Rose, The Selfish Giant, and The Sphinx Without a Secret using a qualitative descriptive method. It is hoped that this research will provide more insight into the personal deixis both of its kind, numbers, and the meaning, especially in Oscar Wilde's short story for all the readers especially the students who are studying the deixis.

Strategic Criticism in Second Language Class

Criticism is one of the important speech acts in class. Some teachers' criticism may threaten students’ face and lower their self-confidence and motivation in L2 learning. “Green Criticism”, which is indirect and friendly, is suggested to establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students as well as improving teaching efficiency. It can be presented in two forms: verbal criticism and non-verbal criticism: As to verbal criticism, appropriate words like appropriate person deixis, hedges and positive words should be carefully selected to protect students’ self-esteem. Besides, empathetic mood such as passive voice, subjunctive, rising tone and stroking can be utilized to lessen face-threatening acts. Other pragmatic skills including application of request and humor as well as violation of CP are also effective in solving problems occurring in class. As for non-verbal criticism, keeping silent, using eye contact, walking around, changing facial expression and employing gestures are techniques to solve problems in class effectively. Different problems occurring in an English class of 7th grade in a training school in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province of China are used as examples to illustrate the strategies of criticism.

DEIXIS FOUND IN THE FIRST VICTORY SPEECH OF JOE BIDEN AS UNITED STATES PRESIDENT

This research aimed to analyze Deixis found in The First Victory Speech of Joe Biden as United States President On 7 November 2020. Deixis is a part of Pragmatics that being used to understand the words and phrases context which identify person, time, and place. The object of the research was to identify the deixis found in the Joe Biden’s speech by categorizing to person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis, and to find the most dominant deixis used in the speech. A qualitative research method was applied in this research. The data source in this research was the transcript of Joe Biden’s victory speech as the President of the United States. The data was collected by document review, and the data was analyzed by using theory of Miles and Huberman in Sugiyono (2012) which had three steps: Data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The result showed as the most dominant deixis found in Joe Biden’s speech was person deixis with total 198 deixis and the least category found was temporal deixis with total 12 deixis

Topic drop in German: Empirical support for an information-theoretic account to a long-known omission phenomenon

AbstractGerman allows fortopic drop(Fries 1988), the omission of a preverbal constituent from a V2 sentence. I address the underexplored question of why speakers use topic drop with a corpus study and two acceptability rating studies. I propose an information-theoretic explanation based on the Uniform Information Density hypothesis (Levy and Jaeger 2007) that accounts for the full picture of data. The information-theoretic approach predicts that topic drop is more felicitous when the omitted constituent is predictable in context and easy to recover. This leads to a more optimal use of the hearer’s processing capacities. The corpus study on the FraC corpus (Horch and Reich 2017) shows that grammatical person, verb probability and verbal inflection impact the frequency of topic drop. The two rating experiments indicate that these differences in frequency are also reflected in acceptability and additionally evidence an impact of topicality on topic drop. Taken together my studies constitute the first systematic empirical investigation of previously only sparsely researched observations from the literature. My information-theoretic account provides a unifying explanation of these isolated observations and is also able to account for the effect of verb probability that I find in my corpus study.

A DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF SONG LYRICS IN HELLO BY ADELE

The main purpose of this research is to analyze three types of deixis in Adele’s song lyrics. Then, the song lyrics can be analyzed using pragmatic approach, especially about deixis. Then, the song lyrics can be analyzed using pragmatic approach, specifically about deixis. This research applied descriptive qualitative methodThis research applied descriptive qualitative method. The researcher elects lyrics of the most popular songs of Adele’s Album 25. The data ware taken from one of three song lyrics in Adele’s album 25 entitled Hello for identifying and classifying the deixis into their types (person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis). Based on the results and discussion can be concluded that all deixis found in song lyrics, there are 53 words include of kinds of deixis. the person deixis was found on adele’s song as the most dominant type (43 deictic words or 75%). Second position, deixis spatial is the most found (9 deictic words or 17%), and in the last position is temporal deixis (4 deictic words or 8%)

WITHDRAWN: The Intelligent computational of Analysis A Pragma-Stylisticof Model Levinon's (1983)

Beckett's dramatic works represent a significant reference for linguistic investigations as they reflect his style and dramatic language as they directed through theatre, radio, movies, and T.V screens. Act Without Words-I has considered one of his master theatricals mimics plays in which deictic expressions play a critical textual role. Hence, a pragmatic interpretation of these expressions may contribute to to the critical literature of this play. The present paper attempts to carry out a pragma-stylistic analysis and interpretation of Beckett's first mime play, Act Without Words I (1956), based on his employment of deixis. For analysis purposes, Levinson's (1983) model of deixis uses. Levinson categorizes deixis into personal deixis, spatial deixis, temporal deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. The main aim of the study is to shed light on the deictic expressions that have been employed by the playwright. It is concluded that the playwright adeptly uses deixis categories in a way they play a crucial role in developing the discourse processes and structure as they underlie specific linguistic codes of the play in terms of its dramatic interpretation and plot development. Also, Levinson's (1983) model of deixis finds to be an excellent linguistic tool for the analysis and interpretation of dramatic works.

An Analysis of Deixis on Comment Speech By Indonesian Diplomat in United Nation (PBB) 75th General Assembly Meeting 2020

Deixis is a human language phenomenon in which particular expression referential depends on context use (Williams, 2019). By knowing deixis, a speaker knows alternate reference words depending on the interlocutor, places and time conversation takes place. The study investigates deixis and its context used by diplomats and representatives from Indonesia, Silvany Pasaribu of human rights cases of Vanuatu and Papua. This study's data source was the comment speech of an Indonesian diplomat, consisting of three types of deixis based on Levinson's theory. The video was collected from YouTube. Further, to analyse the data through several processes, the researchers firstly collected all deictic expressions found in transcription, classified the deictic word into each category of deixis. The result of this study shows thirty five deixis from comment speech of Indonesian diplomat. There were twenty three personal deixis consisting of a first, second, and third person, seven spatial deixis, and five temporal deixis. Person deixis generally be delivered by person grammatical type, which replaces personal pronoun encode like community, appropriate names, and the individual pronoun compound. Spatial or place deixis based on result which expresses by the speaker on their speech were location. Temporal deixis is used to the pointing of time context speech. Further research is suggested to analyze all kinds of deixis, such as social deixis and its context.

First-person singular and third-person subject pronoun variation: The case of Mexican Spanish in the U.S. state of Georgia

The current study analyzes variable subject pronoun expression (SPE) for first-person singular (1sg) and third-person subjects in a variety of Mexican Spanish spoken by first-generation Mexican immigrants in the state of Georgia, Southeastern U.S. Conversational data from sociolinguistic interviews are employed to examine tokens of 1sg and third-person variable SPE and their usage patterns, considering factors such as tense-mood-aspect (TMA), switch reference, polarity, and verb class by means of logistic regression analyses. Results suggest that all four factors influence 1sg variation, but that third-person variation is restricted to switch reference and TMA. In addition, a significant link between switch reference and TMA is found for third-person subjects, but not for 1sg. The findings lend further support to previous scholars advocating the importance of studying individual grammatical persons in SPE research as this can reveal previously obfuscated nuances in the patterns of subject variation.

English Deixis in Picture Storybooks for Children

Deictic expression is a noticeable item in linguistic studies to recognize the meaning of a specific context. Thus, pragmatic analysis in this research is to find five kinds of deixis those are: personal deixis (first, second, and third person deixis), place deixis, time deixis, social deixis and discourse deixis. The theory that is used in this research is the theory of deixis by Levinson (1983). The present study investigates the use of Deictic expression in five children picture storybook. The titles of each book are Reba wants ice cream , Gappu can't dance , Bunty and Bubbly , A new pet in the family , and under my bed . In this research, the researcher conducted a descriptive qualitative research. From two research problem of this study What types of deixis found in the children's story books? And what are the patterns of the Deixis types in children's storybooks? the researchers found that in all story books, personal deixis is the most identifiable type of deixis. Some pattern of the Deixis types in Children's storybooks like the word; I, now, there, this, mother was found in the sentences of the story. Key words: deixis, picture storybook, pragmatics