Electron backscattered diffraction is employed to explore the influence of deformation conditions on microstructure and texture evolution of commercially pure Ti after hot compression tests. { 1 0 1 ¯ 2 } twinning is active at the beginning of deformation whereas { 1 0 1 ¯ 1 } twinning appears later. Three peaks are found in the misorientation frequency-distribution corresponding to basal fiber texture, { 1 0 1 ¯ 1 } and { 1 0 1 ¯ 2 } twinning, respectively. { 1 0 1 ¯ 1 } twins and small subgrain sizes can only be found above log Z = 13, suggesting that { 1 0 1 ¯ 1 } twinning may be a key factor for effectively reducing the deformed grain size. After deformation, two texture components can be found with compression direction 20–30° or 45° to [0 0 0 1]. The Schmid factors show that all slip systems, apart from the basal slip system, are active at the early stage of deformation. At heavy deformation, the basal, first- and second-order pyramidal slip systems are active.